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Volume 68, Issue 1
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Preface
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Chigusa Date2010 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 1-2
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: September 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (244K)
Review
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Hideoki Fukuoka2010 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 3-7
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: September 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe incidence of low-birth-weight infants (LBW) has been growing at nearly 10% in the last three decades in Japan, the highest rate in OECD countries. The parallel incidence of pediatric obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and autism has also been following that of LBW. The theory of fetal origins of adult disease (FOAD) is essential for understanding the patho-physiology of life-style-related adult diseases. There is apprehension that the next generation will face a higher future risk of adult diseases, and the maternal nutrition should be focused on to minimize this. The molecular mechanism for the FOAD theory is supposed to be epigenetic modification caused by intra-uterine malnutrition, that persists after delivery. The one carbon metabolism regulates this epigenetic modification with DNA methylation, folate vitamins B6 and B12 being key nutrients for this metabolism. A high proportion of Japanese mothers have lower folate and higher homocystein than normal levels, possibly leading to the babies with undesirable epigenetic changes. Such persistent epigenetic change will induce adult diseases after a long time. Maternal and intra-uterine nutrition at the early development stage is therefore the most important for our next generation to protect from adult diseases.View full abstractDownload PDF (528K)
Original
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Tomomi Ainuki, Yoko Akiyama, Rie Akamatsu, Naoko Sugimoto2010 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 8-14
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: September 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe snack consumption during weaning was examined to identify the association between the consumption at 10 months and 3 years of age. Children (n = 1313) born between April 2000 and March 2004 were enrolled in Ito City (Shizuoka, Japan). Data were collected during health checkups at 10 months and 3 years of age. Almost 10% of 10-month-old infants consumed snacks such as ice cream and biscuits, and 4% of them consumed junk food. Ten snack foods were classified by content into either five types such as ice cream and snack foods, and five types such as fruit and yogurt (no sugar). We assigned the children into two groups: “sweetened and salty snack intake” and “no sweetened or salty snack intake.” The children in the former group consumed more of all types of snacks at 3 years of age, and consumed more ice cream, junk food, sweets, chewing gum, chocolate and cake than those in the “no sweetened and salty snack intake” group. This is the first study investigating snack consumption during weaning in Japan, and on the association between snack intake at 10 months and 3 years of age. A further study is needed to collect more data on snacks consumed during the weaning period.View full abstractDownload PDF (421K)
Research Note
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Tokiko Takeshita, Masako Shiraki2010 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 15-24
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: September 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe metabolic syndrome and its relationship with an individual's physique at a young age (20 years), the present physique, and the present lifestyle were assessed on the basis of physical measurements, a lifestyle-related questionnaire, and data from periodic health examinations. The study involved 1,081 individuals (815 men and 266 women) who were employed in a factory in 2006. With regard to physique, which was assessed on the basis of the body mass index (BMI), we classified 10.4% of the men and 27.3% of the women (age < 40 years) as thin (BMI < 18.5) and 20.3% of the men and 7.8% of the women (age ≥ 40 years) as obese (BMI ≥ 25.0). In terms of the self-assessed physique, approximately 50% of the men who considered themselves thin and approximately 70% of those who considered themselves fat were found to have normal BMI in the age group of > 40 years. In the age group of < 40 years, approximately 70% of the men who considered themselves either thin or fat were found to have normal BMI. Approximately 80% of the women who considered themselves fat in both age groups (> 40 and < 40 years) were found to have normal BMI. The most important concern for the men was the belt hole position used, while for women, it was their reflection in a mirror or window. The proportions of individuals with the metabolic syndrome and a large waist circumference (≥ 1 risk factor) were 7.7% and 38.1%, respectively, among the men, and 3.0% and 6.0%, respectively, among the women. As determined on the basis of the waist circumference, the individuals aged more than 40 years had more risk factors for the syndrome than those aged less than 40 years, irrespective of whether or not they were obese. Hypertension was more prominent than hyperlipidaemia and hyperglycaemia in the subjects. Approximately 80% of the men who were obese at the age of 20 years and 16.3% of those who were not obese at the age of 20 years were found to be obese at the time of the study (age ≤ 40 years). The individuals who were obese at the age of 20 years had more risk factors than those who were not obese at this age. The subjects who were obese both at the age of 20 years and during the present study had inappropriate lifestyle habits throughout this period such as overeating, overconsumption of juice and soda, eating to alleviate stress, and insufficient exercise. The results indicate the importance to young individuals as well as those aged more than 40 years of taking preventive measures against obesity and the development of the metabolic syndrome.View full abstractDownload PDF (806K) -
Takaho Taniguchi, Rie Akamatsu2010 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 25-30
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: September 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe examined children's cognitive factors about agriculture in two regions. A self-reporting cross-sectional questionnaire survey was given to 368 grade-5 students in Fukushima and Saitama, Japan. The questionnaire asked about “Gratitudefor Food,” attitude about locally grown foods, knowledge about agriculture and attitude about agriculture. Each factor was summed for comparison between the two regions, and the coefficient of correlation about subjective farming knowledge and vegetable intake was assessed. A total of 362 children completed the questionnaire (a 98.6% response). The attitude to locally grown food was different between Fukushima and Saitama. There was a difference too in the relationship between agriculture and cognitive factors. The awareness in Saitama to agriculture was higher than in Fukushima, and the attitude to locally grown foods and knowledge about agriculture were also higher than in Saitama. Cognitive factors about agriculture on eating behavior differed between the two regions, and further research should be conducted about other factors related to the regional difference.View full abstractDownload PDF (385K)
Brief Report
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Sayaka Takeda, Rie Akamatsu, Hisako Tanaka, Itsuko Horiguchi, Eiji Mar ...2010 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 31-35
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: September 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA study was made to identify dietitians' views of the knowledge about food safety needed by consumers. Thirty dietetic professionals in Japan were asked to participate, and twenty-two (73.3%) agreed. The participants ranked the importance of various topics related to food safety which was analyzed by a three-round Delphi technique, an approach to qualitative research that presents results in terms of the ranking. The response rates for the three rounds of the survey were 100% (n = 22), 95.5% (n = 21) and 95.5% (n = 21) in order. After three rounds, 35 topics had been identified, topics related to “pesticide residue” ranking first, fourth, and tenth within the highest decile. The top 10 reasons provided by respondents for the importance of these topics mainly involved the internal process and behavior of consumers, and were related to the obligations of society, people involved with consumers, professionals, and producers.
According to dietitians, consumers require information about topics that affect their emotions and behavior, these being considered to be related to the internal process and behavior of consumers, and to the obligations of society. Further study among professionals and consumers is needed to fully identify the information about food safety required by consumers.View full abstractDownload PDF (1280K) -
Miho Nozue, Nobuko Sarukura, Katsushi Yoshita2010 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 36-41
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: September 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA dietary survey is used for defining and assessing the energy and nutrient intake. Most self-reporting methods rely on the portion size for recording a meal, and it is necessary to estimate the actual intake from the portion size. However, the definition of portion size in books and software for dietary surveys differs. There have been few studies on portion size, especially for vegetables, fruits, fish and meat. This study, therefore, investigates the difference in standard size of vegetables and fruits among prefectures and discuss the validity of using the portion size for a dietary survey. The types of size and names of size for each vegetable and fruit were numerous: eggplant had thirteen types of size and strawberry had twenty-eight types of size. In addition, there was weight difference in same size: the minimum was seven grams and the maximum was seventy four grams with the lower bounds of M size for strawberry. Our findings of a difference in the types of size suggest that it is necessary to improve the understanding and consistency of portion size between a participant and investigator, and among investigators when doing a dietary survey. It is vital to define which size and weight to use for portion size which can avoid underestimating or overestimating the actual intake.View full abstractDownload PDF (377K) -
Akiko Okazaki, Soon-ja Han, Fumiko Hayakawa2010 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 42-50
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: September 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInformation on school lunch menus from 2004 to 2005 served in Niigata City, Aomori City, Kobe City, Otsu City, and Shinjuku, Setagaya and Ota Wards of Tokyo was analyzed. Meals with rice as the main staple and those with fish and shellfish for the main dish were examined for the PFC ratio, self-sufficiency ratio of food ingredients, and served amounts of different food groups. Meals with rice as the main staple comprised a significantly higher ratio of main dishes with fish and shellfish than meals without rice as the main staple in all of the regions examined. The fat energy ratio was significantly lower in meals with rice as the main staple than in meals without rice. The fat energy ratio was also significantly lower in meals with fish and shellfish as the main dish than in those without in Niigata City, Aomori City, Ota Ward, and Otsu City. The self-sufficiency ratio in all of the regions examined was significantly higher in the meals with rice as the main staple than in those without. The self-sufficiency ratio for side dishes in meals with rice as the main staple was significantly higher than that in the meals without rice in Aomori City, Kobe City, Otsu City, Shinjuku Ward and Setagaya Ward. In all of the regions examined, the self-sufficiency ratio for side dishes in meals without rice as the main staple was significantly higher than that for side dishes in meals without fish and shellfish. Significantly higher amounts of cereals, pulses, algae, fish and shellfish, and smaller amounts of fats and oils were served in the meals with rice as the main staple than in those without rice. Significantly smaller amounts of other vegetables were served with the meals in which fish and shellfish were served as the main dish than with the meals in which fish and shellfish were not served.View full abstractDownload PDF (433K)
Case Report
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Masako Ikeda, Minoru Sumita, Miki Komoshima, Narumi Yokota, Sayoko Nak ...2010 Volume 68 Issue 1 Pages 51-58
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: September 01, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA dietary educational program with visual aids and tasting is described to reduce the negative image of vegetables and encourage children to eat more vegetables. We ran this dietary educational program named “eating experience class” (a 45-min lecture + 90-min practicum) to 4 classes of sixth graders in elementary school (n = 133). The effects of this dietary education were assessed by investigating the children's attitude and motivation to eat their least favorite vegetables and their experience of vegetable cooking at home with questionnaires presented before and after the period of dietary education. The questionnaire involved a visual analog scale (VAS) to observe a slight change in the negative image of vegetables. The results demonstrated that about twenty children (18.7%) tried to eat more vegetables, and VAS scores showed a significant reduction in the negative image for 16 of 20 vegetables. A significant change in vegetable cooking experience at home was also observed after the dietary education program (p < 0.001). This program could help children to improve their image of vegetables, and induce the motivation to eat and cook vegetables. The VAS principle may be a sensitive method to assess a slight change in the negative image of vegetables in children.View full abstractDownload PDF (801K)
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