Es wurden Zellen in Schnitten von verschiedenen Krebsarten mit Neutralfett färbendem Sudan III, Lipoide färbendem Irisolechtviolett BBN und Viktoriablau sowie mit Neutralfett und Lipoide färbendem Sudanschwarz B gefärbt. In den lebendigen Krebszellen treten Lipoide und Neutralfett anfangs feinst granulär auf. In den Zelien von weniger Vitalität und in den schon gestorbenen Zellen in nekrotischen Herden und Krebsperlen nehmen die Granula von Lipoiden und zuletzt die von Neutralfett an Zahl und Größe stark zu.

View full abstract

In a 5-day-old kitten, the plexus dentalis originating in the n. alveolaris inferior of the lower jaw was found already very well developed, comprising numerous thick sensory fibres and far less numerous thin vegetative fibres.
The rami dentales emerging from this plexus run into the dental pulp of the milk teeth, the number of the nerve fibres increasing abreast with the growth of the teeth. Now, the time these nerve branches enter the dental pulp was found considerably later than was anticipated, for the innervation begins only in the stage where enamel is produced from the enamel organ and dentine from the odontoblasts. Thus, the number of nerve fibres to the dental pulp of the still growing and yet uncut milk tooth is very limited, only a few sensory fibres ending in mere unbranched and simple branched terminations at some distance from the odontoblast layer, no RASCHKOW's plexus being as yet found in formation. No such fibres innervating the odontoblast layer or complex branched terminations in the dental pulp as found in adult animals were found in the mandible of my kitten. The terminal fibres of the existent sensory terminations show little noteworthy change in size or winding in their courses.
In my kitten, as found in a 6th month human fetus (SHIRAISHI), besides the milk teeth, immature permanent teeth consisting merely of a cap-shaped dental germ and a dental papilla and somewhat better differentiated permanent teeth were contained in the lower gum. Thick sensory fibres were found entering the rather powerful connective tissue layer covering these buds of permanent teeth and sometimes even the dental germ. These fibres end in unbranched and simple branched terminations with terminal fibres often showing change in size in their courses before ending in sharp points.
The peridental membrane between the milk teeth and the alveolar wall is formed in the main of the loose reticular connective tissue forming the dental sac and only in very limited areas by the stout connective tissue as in adult animals. Many nerve fibres from the rami gingivales arising from the plexus dentalis were seen running through this immature peridental membrane toward the propria of the gum while sending out a considerable number of sensory fibres into the membrane in their courses. Their terminations were much simpler than in man and adult dog, simple branched ones forming the majority. Their terminal fibres, however, sometimes show change in size and unusual winding in their courses suggestive of their probable development into very peculiar complex branched terminations as found in adult animals.
Some specific sensory terminations were found in the entire area of the young periosteum of the mandible of my kitten, especially, in the alveolar margin. The bone tissue was as yet in the course of growth and the periosteal tissue was still immature, being composed of an outer fibrous connective tissue layer, an osteogenetic layer lining it and an osteoblast layer on the inside. Thick sensory fibres run into this young periosteum accompanying some fine vegetative fibres, and after a repeated ramification end in simple and complex branched terminations. Their terminal fibres often show conspicuous change in size and run into the fibrous layer and further into the osteogenetic layer, even into the osteoblast layer before terminating.
In the lower jaw of my newborn cat. I found a small number of SERRE's pearls somewhat smaller in size than those in human fetus. A small number of sensory fibres are found running into these pearls, as in the case with man (SHIRAISHI), forming unbranched or bifurcated terminations therein with terminal fibres showing not much change in size and winding in their courses. The SERRE's organs are presumably so many sensory organs.

View full abstract

Nach der intraperitonealen Injektion einer Lösung von Wasserstoffperoxyd kontrahierten viele Fibrocyten in der Unterhaut ihre Fortsätze und gingen in Fibrohistiocyten und Histiocyten über, und nach einigen Tagen erscheinen Vakuolen reichlich in den Zellen. Die Frage, ob bei der Akatalasämie keine solchen Veränderungen durch die Einverleibung von Wasserstoffperoxyd auftreten, ist noch offen.

View full abstract

[in Japanese]

View full abstract

Es wurde die Kernplasmarelation der Leberzellen der Mäuse in verschiedenen abnormen und pathologischen Zuständen nach der Treffermethode bestimmt, und zugleich wurde die absolute Größe der Schnitte der Kerne mit Hilfe vom Planimeter gemessen.
1. Die absolute Größe des Zellkerns vermehrt sich stetig bei der Fütterung mit kleinen Mengen von Gemüseblättern und zerkleinerten Reiskörnern und bei der Einverleibung von Thioacetamid, Thibion und Nekoirazu (Rattengift), aber vermindert sich stetig bei Verweigerung von Speise und Trank. Bei der Einverleibung von Butter-gelb, Chloroform, Tetrachlorkohlenstoff, Rickettsia orentalis und Ectromelia-Virus wird der Kern im Anfang größer, später aber wieder kleiner.
2. Die absolute Menge des Cytoplasmas der Leberzellen vermehrt sich bei der Fütterung mit kleinen Mengen von Gemüseblättern und zerkleinerten Reiskörnern und bei der Einverleibung von Thibion und Nekoirazu. Sie vermindert sich bei der Verweigerung von Speise und Trank. Bei der Einverleibung von Buttergelb, Thioacetamid, Chloroform, Tetrachlorkohlenstoff, Rickettsia orientalis und Ectromelia-Virus vermehrt sie sich zuerst und vermindert sich danach.
3. Nach der Zufuhr von Buttergelb und Thioacetamid fand die Anschwellung des Kerns und die Vermehrung des Cytoplasmas der Leberzellen am stärkesten statt.
4. Die Kernplasmarelation der Leberzellen steigt bei der Verweigerung von Speise und Trank sowie bei Fütterung mit kleinen Mengen von Gemüseblättern an. Bei der alleinigen Gabe von zerkleinerten Reiskörnern und bei der Einverleibung von Thibion, Nekoirazu, Chloroform, Tetrachlorkohlenstoff, Rickettsia orientalis und Ectromelia-Virus fällt sie ab. Bei der Einverleibung von Buttergelb und Thioacetamid fällt sie anfangs ab und später steigt an. Die besonders starke Steigung der Kernplasmarelation erfolgt bei Verweigerung von Speise und Trank und bei Fütterung mit kleinen Mengen von Gemüseblättern sowie beim Malignöswerden der Zellen, welch letzteres durch die Zufuhr von Buttergelb und Thioacetamid hervorgerufen werden.

View full abstract

The ultrastructure of the sinusoidal wall in the adult rabbit livers and associated structures such as the stellate cell of KUPFFER and the fat-storing cell of ITO (1951) was observed with the electron microscope, in thin sections after osmium tetroxide fixation and methacrylate embedding. The results were discussed in comparison with those observed by light microscopy.
1. The wall of the hepatic sinusoid is composed of the endothelial cells, whose cytoplasm is relatively rich in the perinuclear portion but is abruptly or gradually reduced in amount at the parts distant from the nucleus. In the latter portion, the endothelial cytoplasm becomes a thin film 50-300mμ thick. Occasional discontinuities (holes) of 100-300mμ in distance are occured in the filmy endothelial lining, through which the lumen of the sinusoid is directly continuous to the perisinusoidal space.
2. A perisinusoidal space of about 1μ in width is formed between the endothelial lining and the hepatic cell surfaces. The matrix of this space appears in a similar nature to the sinusoidal lumen (blood space), but none of the blood corpuscles can be observed in the perisinusoidal space. This space may not strictly correspond to the so-called DISSE's space.
3. Numerous fine filiform projections or the microvilli extend from the hepatic cell surface into the perisinusoidal space. The disposition of the microvilli is rather irregular, and hence the actual length of each microvillus is difficult to be measured but the cross diameter is relatively uniform and measures about 0.2μ. In a portion of rather wide perisinusoidal space, the microvilli are abundant and crowded; while in narrow parts of the space, the microvilli are scanty or often lacking at all, making smooth the hepatic cell surfaces.
None of the endothelial cell, stellate cell and fat-storing cell sends out the microvilli.
4. There is no corresponding structure in the perisinusoidal space to the basement membrane of ordinary blood capillaries. Among the microvilli in this space, solid dotts of moderate density are scattered or clumped, while in part delicate fibrillar bundles are observed. These may be represented in light microscopy as reticular fibers, but such cross or longitudinally cut fibrils are far few in electron micrographs comparing with the light microscopic results. This difference may be caused by the thinness of the section for electron microscopy, because the gross meshed network of reticular fibers may not appear in electron micrographs as the complete reticulum.
5. Stellate cells of KUPFFER are situated inside the lumen of the sinusoid and are usually detached from the sinusoidal wall but sometimes fixed to it by the cytoplasmic processes. It may be noted that this cell is not involved in the construction of the sinusoidal wall, unlike the endothelial cells. The cytoplasmic processes of KUPFFER cells are either like a hillock or a tongue and sometimes are much longer. These are described by light microscopy as the pseudopods.
6. In the KUPFFER cell cytoplasm, round inclusions of various shapes and sizes (0.2-2μ in diameter) may be contained. Relatively large bodies of 1-2μ large are dense, and possess fine granular or filamentous texture in the interior and apparent limiting membranes on the outer surfaces. These are probably red blood cells phagocytosed by the KUPFFER cell. In some cases, granules 0.2-1μ large with extremely high density are gathered into an irregular clump looking like grapes. The center of each dense granule is often cleared up appearing as a ring.
7. The fat-storing cell is always localized in the perisinusoidal space outside the sinusoid, namely between the endothelial cells and the parenchymatous hepatic cells. Therefore, the fat-storing cell is separated from the sinusoidal lumen (blood space) and is apparently different from the stellate cell, which is situated in the sinusoidal lumen.

View full abstract

We reported a modified reducing procedure of the BIELSCHOWSKY-GROS' method and made up a new method in which an additional after-staining of the silver-impregnated section by aldehyde-fuchsin is rendered possible.

View full abstract

Nucleolar number per nucleus was observed on nuclei isolated from various kinds of organs in rodents. The nuclear isolation was carried out by the technique of DOUNCE with some modifications. Identification of nucleoli based on the previous work of the author. This observation was attained to acertain differences of the mean nucleolar number per nucleus between organs, between animals or sexes (See Table 1). The data obtained are as follows (See Tables 2-5):
The mean number of nucleoli observed on a certain organ is mostly constant among animals of the same species, and the coincidence of this mean seems not greatly affected with body weight of the animal. Marked differences are, however, often found between different organs of the same animal. The mean observed on a certain organ is varied by difference of the animal species, but it is mostly well agreeable between livers of rat and guinea pig, in which any difference of the mean can not be demonstrated between both sexes.
From these findings a concept of constancy of the nucleolar number does not fit for each somatic nucleus in rodents, but it might be assumed that some properties of the organ were represented partly in the mean number of nucleoli and lesser in the nucleolus of each nucleus.

View full abstract

The deep part of the sinus urogenitalis of flying-squirrel is surfaced with a 3-rowed cylindrical epithelium, but its portion between the projecting tip of the glans clitoridis and the outer orifice, about 6mm in length, is under a non-hornified stratified flat epithelium. The propria mucosae is of fibrous connective tissue.
The corpus cavernosum clitoridis is similar in construction as the cropus cavernosum penis of male flying-squirrel. The glans clitoridis is covered by an epithelium in common with the inner plate of the praeputium, as the glans penis of male flying-squirrel and the glans clitoridis of man and some other animals in fetal stage.
The corpus cavernosum clitoridis runs up to the apex of the glans clitoridis; its stout connective tissue in the proximal portion turns into a bony tissue in the more distal portion, which again in the distalmost end portion is replaced by a chondroid tissue. The space between the common epithelium and the cavernous body is filled up by a connective tissue rich in fibrocytes. The common epithelium is lined with the propria of loose connective tissue of the inner plate of the praeputium.
The sensory fibres supplied to the clitoris are derived from the n. dorsalis clitoridis. This nerve runs forward along the ventral side of the corpus cavernosum clitoridis, while sending out a few fine branches into the tunica albuginea of the cavernous body and to the ventral side of sinus urogenitalis.
The dorsal nerve does not form PACINIan bodies anywhere on its course in flying-squirrel. The tunica albuginea contains a small number only of unbranched and simple branched terminations.
The sensory fibres coming into the mucous membrane of the sinus urogenitalis covered by the cylindrical epithelium originate in the n. perinealis as well as in the dorsal nerve, and are much smaller in number than those entering the cavernous part of the urethra of male flying-squirrel. No such corpuscular terminations as found in dog are found here, only unbranched and simple branched terminations being found formed sub- and intraepithelially. The terminal fibres of these terminations not rarely consist in thick fibres running winding courses while showing frequent change in size.
Most of the dorsal nerve bundles run into the glans clitoridis but not a few proceed into the inner plate of the praeputium. The nerve fibres, upon coming into the glans clitoridis, spread out toward the common epithelium. Their terminations are often formed around the cavernous body, but most frequently beneath the common epithelium. Some of the fibres form intraepithelial terminations in the common epithelium.
The sensory terminations characteristic to this part are the specific branched terminations, specific genital nerve bodies and the intraepithelial fibres in the common epithelium.
The specific branched terminations are characterized by the frequent change in size and the irregular winding courses of their terminal fibres and the mutual anastomosis between them. The other non-specific branched terminations have fine terminal fibres showing little change in size and winding courses and are found around the cavernous body and subepithelially.
The genital nerve bodies are always capsulated and may be classified into Type I and Type II, the former containing glomerular terminations and the latter branched terminations in their inner bulb. The Type I bodies comprise two subtypes; the one with rather thick terminal fibres showing perceptible change in size and the other with very fine terminal fibres in the inner bulb. Some of the genital bodies Type II are single bodies, but some are compound bodies with branched bodies. It is of interest that some of the later oftten enough encased in a stout common capsule. The branches of the compound bodies are mostly crowded together, so that it is very difficult sometimes to define their outline.

View full abstract

1. The terminal portion of the mandibular gland of the rabbit belongs to the compound tubulo-acinous gland. The tubular portion is a continuation of the intercalated portion, mainly consisting of dark cells (granular cells of KRAUSE). The aciuous portion at the tail is composed of light cells (chief cells of GOTO), which show faveolate structure.
2. The granular cells and the chief cells repeat the secretion function in their own ways. Accordingly, the secreta of the mandibular gland of rabbit is at least a mixture of the two.
3. The granules in the granular cells arise from fine granules originated from mitochondria. They are distinguished as such by having a membrane around them in the electron microscope. Loosing the stainability transform the granules into vacuoles and are emitted into the gland lumen, but sometimes, granules are discharged into the lumen without any substantial changes.
4. The faveolate structure of the chief cells is due to vacuoles filling up the cytoplasm. The substance in the vacuoles is stained extremely light. It is considered that the endoplasmic reticulum has something to do with the formation of the vacuoles.
5. As for the differentiation of the granular cells, they show a typical structure in certain embryonic stage and begins to discharge the granules after birth, but in the weaning period, the function falls off.
6. The differentiation of the chief cells begins later. They develop after the end of the embryonic stage, but only in the weaning stage starts the discharge of vacuole substance. The chief ingredient of the secreta is then the production from the chief cells.

View full abstract