Archivum histologicum japonicum
Print ISSN : 0004-0681
Volume 23, Issue 4
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
  • Kazumasa KUROSUMI, Tatsuji MATSUZAWA, Fumio SAITO
    1963 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 295-310
    Published: May 20, 1963
    Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Sweat glands in the abdominal skin of the horse were observed with the electron microscope. In good accordance with the light microscopic findings of ITO et al. (1961), it was shown by electron microscopy that the secretory epithelium of this gland consisted of two distinct secretory cell types, viz. the vacuolated cells and dense cells. The former is the main constituent of the secretory epithelium, columnar or cuboidal in shape, and filled with a great number of clear secretory vacuoles. This cell type is also characterized by well developed microvilli, tips of which are often expanded and separated to bring about a part of the secretion (microapocrine secretion). Besides this mechanism of secretion release, large projections often extend into the lumen and may be presumably detached from the cell body (macroapocrine secretion). The GOLGI apparatus and the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum are well developed, and presumable transitions between the GOLGI vesicles, vacuoles and the secretory vacuoles were observed.
    The second cell type of secretory epithelium, the dense cell is small in size and the electron density of the cytoplasm is considerably high. Cells of this type contain large round mitochondria but no secretory vacuoles. Plasma membranes of the dense cell are strongly folded on lateral and basal cell surfaces, but the microvilli on the apical cell surface are poorly developed, Probable significance in functional activity of the dense cell is discussed and a possibility that this cell may be a degenerating form of secretory cells is presented.
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  • Takao SETOGUTI, Hiroyuki NAKAMURA
    1963 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 311-335
    Published: May 20, 1963
    Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The iris of adult Triturus pyrrhogaster (BOIE) was fixed with either phosphate buffer with sucrose added, or chrom osmium fixative of DALTON and embedded in methacrylate. One part was electron stained. As a control, thick sections embedded in methacrylate were stained for light microscopy, or regular light microscopic sections fixed in CARNOY's fluid were stained with thionine or metyl-green pyronin.
    The cell body is filled with specific granules which have a cross section that is round, oval, or spindle shape. The nuclear substance, which generally is of high electron density, frequently is compressed and demonstrate an irregular contour corresponding to the location of the specific granules so that a characteristic appearance is presented.
    There are specific granules that have a limiting membrane, in others the limiting membrane is partially absent while in some the limiting membrane is competely absent. The specific granules consist of a matrix and a middle disk. The matrix has varying electron density and is composed of ill defined particles that are distributed in various density and a pale homogenous substance. The ‘middle disk’ is of high electron density and usually appears to be an irregular shape disk. There are cells that appear dark electron microscopically in which most of the granules have a matrix of high electron density (tentatively termed dark cells) and cells that appear light under the electron microscope in which most of the granules have matrix of low electron density (termed light cells) as well as cells that are intermediate between these two types. The cells may also be classified into large granule type cells in which the matrix of the granule usually measures less than 2.5μ in long diameter with a middle disk which is less than 2μ in long diameter, and small granule type cells in which the long diameter of the matrix is less than about 1.5μ with a middle disk that is less than about 1.2μ in long diameter.
    On the surface of the middle disks is a linear lamellar structure consisting of alternate layers of electron dense zones 40-50Å in width and slightly wider zones of low electron density. In the latter layer are seen vacuoles. The separation of the middle disk, which was seen, is thought to be the result of expansion of these vacuoles and pictures which were felt to represent the course of this process were seen. This process of separation of the middle disk was illustrated in the diagram. There also are cells in which the granules have a middle disk which is very thin or even absent while in other cells granules may be seen in which the middle disk have a much decreased electron density with disappearance of the lamellar structure so that the middle disk appears as a swollen homogenous solid. The author feels that the dark and light cells represent different phases of the functional cycle of a single type of cell and that the morphological variability of the fine structure of the granules is due to the many different substances that are produced by the granules.
    The intergranular substance generally is scanty and contain a small number of mitochondria, GOLGI's substance and endoplasmic reticulum. Occasionally seen within the matrix of specific granules are small bodies with a vesicular or canalicular structure which resemble swollen mitochondria and the close relation between the specific granules and mitochondria was suggested.
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  • Masahiro MURAKAMI, Tomohisa TANIZAKI
    1963 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 337-358
    Published: May 20, 1963
    Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
  • Setsuya FUJITA, Masakiyo HORII
    1963 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 359-366
    Published: May 20, 1963
    Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Using cumulative labeling method, cytogenesis of chick retina was studied by H3-thymidine autoradiography and the followings were concluded.
    The first to differentiate in the optic retina are the neurons in the ganglionic layer. The process of differentiation begins at the medial pole on the 5th day of incubation and spreads toward the ora serrata, taking 2 days. The cells in the visual cell layer are differentiated a little later, probably by one day, than the ganglionic cells. This process first takes place in the region near the pecten of the eye and gradually spreads toward the medial pole and then to the periphery. Most mitotic figures found during the second week of incubation in the visual cell layer seem to belong to the matrix cells in the bipolar cell layer.
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  • II. The Chemical Colour Reactions on the Zymogen Granules in the Pancreatic Cells
    Kimio FUJIE, Shuichiro SHIMAKURA, Toshio KOIKE, Toshio NANAURA
    1963 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 367-373
    Published: May 20, 1963
    Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The chemical colour reactions for protein and amino acids were employed on the sections of the rats' pancreas fixed by formalin liquid and embedded in paraffin, and the exocrine pancreatic cells were observed.
    The reactions for the indol group (xanthoproteic reaction, COLE aldehyde reaction etc.), for the phenol group (xanthoproteic reaction, PAULY diazo reaction, MILLON reaction etc.) and for the imidazol group (PAULY diazo reaction, tetrazonium reaction and the reaction followed the ‘blocking’ reactions etc.) are definitely positive in zymogen granules. It is noted that the zymogen granules are a peptide made up of, at least, three groups-the indol, the phenol and the imidazol group.
    As the result of food administration or the subcutaneous injection of histamine⋅HCl solution, the secretroy activity of the pancreatic cells is initiated and at times an increase, at times a decrease of the zymogen granules can be observed in the cells. But no difference can be seen on the reaction of zymogen granules. There is neither any difference between the zymogen granules in the cell and the granules in the acinus lumen which may be the zymogen granules discharged from the cells.
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  • Hiroshi KAKU, Akira KOJIMA, Shigeaki MASU, Setsuya FUJITA
    1963 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 375-381
    Published: May 20, 1963
    Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The authors studied the cytokinetics of the intestinal epithelium of mouse during growth and the changes in their cellular composition using 3H-thymidine autoradiography.
    1. Throughout the developmental stages of the intestine, the mitotic index and the 3H-labeling index in the crypt are almost constant.
    2. The life span of the villus cell of infantile mouse is longer than that of adult but becomes shorter as the animal grows up.
    3. The generation time of the generative cell is constant throughout the growing stages.
    4. As the animal grows up, the cell compartment of the villus cell, the generative cell and of the PANETH cell increase in constituent cell numbers.
    5. It is probable that the size of the cell compartment can vary independently from the rate of proliferation of the generative cells.
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  • 1963 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 383-400
    Published: May 20, 1963
    Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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