Paraffin sections of the liver of the dog in various ages were stained by aldehydefuchsin plus GOLDNER's trichrome stain in order to investigate the distribution of mast cells.
The mast cells of the liver are concentrated along the branches of hepatic veins which are provided with periodically arranged constrictor muscles. Flattened mast cells adhere to the endothelial lining of the vessels. The relation of endothelial and mast cell layers is so close that sometimes it is impossible to distinguish one from the other. The lining up of mast cells in the hepatic vein branches seems to be accomplished within one month after birth, during which time the vessels come to be provided with the constrictor muscles. The interlobular veins, branches of the portal vein, are completely lacking in such juxta-endothelial mast cells.
The specific distribution of mast cells presented in this work seems to explain the mechanism of the well-known symptoms of the dog in anaphylactic and peptone shock. The mast cells in the hepatic vein branches are believed to react promptly to the shock substances administered by releasing histamine which must cause, on one hand, the spasm of the constrictor muscles and the following blood congestion in the same vessels and, on the other hand, elevation of the endothelial permeability which facilitates the escape of a liquid component of the blood into the accompanying lymphatics connected to the thoracic duct.

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A histochemical comparison was made of the demonstration of polysaccharides in dental germs and oral epithelia after a treatment with acid containing alcoholic decalcifying solutions. Decalcifying solutions were prepared with 5% acids (HCL, HCOOH, HNO₃, trichloracetic acid, ethylendiamin tetracetate) in a 30 or 50% alcohol solution.
1. The oral epithelium of fetal animals showed a large amount of glycogen. Glycogen of the fetal oral epithelium showed a good preservation after a treatment with acid containing alcoholic decalcifying solutions (except for the case of trichloracetic acid). No differences in the appearance of glycogen in the oral epithelium were observed between 30% and 50% alcohol decalcifying solutions.
2. Nuclear staining was observed by the periodic acid-SCHIFF reaction after a treatment with acid containing decalcifying solutions. The use of HCL, HNO₃, trichloracetic acid in decalcification resulted staining of the nucleus in various intensities.
3. The treatment with acid containing alcohol decalcifying agents without ethylendiamin tetracetate resulted in the decalcification of the jaws of fetal dogs and rats, but almost no-decalcification in the knee joints of 4 day to 4 week post natal rats.
4. The presence of glycogen in the developing tooth germs was rather low in comparison with the oral epithelium which was abundant in glycogen. The distribution patterns of glycogen in dental germ were the same as in the previous reports.

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The authors studied DNA synthesis of the human epidermis, the sweat glands and the sebaceous glands by ‘local labeling method’ in using ³H-thymidine and analyzed cytodynamics by ‘migration chase method’. They extended the experiments to analyze the cytokinetics of the epidermis in the pathologic conditions: psoriasis vulgaris, erythrodermia diffusa, eczema chronicum, pemphigus seborrhoicum, regenerating epidermis and keratinized squamous cell carcinoma. The results obtained were as follows.
1. The mitotic index of the generative cells of the normal human epidermis (taken from the lateral aspect of forearm) is 0.7-0.8 percent.
The labeling index (percentage of the labeled cells) of the generative cells, 1 hour after the injection of ³H-thymidine, is 7 percent.
2. The life span of the maturative cells, which consist of prickle and granular cells, was determined by the migration chase of the labeled cells. The life span is 21 days.
3. The generative cell compartment consists mainly of the basal cells. The generation time and DNA synthetic time of the generative cell is about 4.2 days and 7 hours, respectively.
4. The generative cells as well as the maturative cells form a cell compartment with fairly constant cell number. Th generative cell compartment and the maturative cell compartment have specific turnover rate independently of each othor. The number of cells which constitute the normal epidermis are almost constant.
5. In the case of psoriasis vulgaris the generative cell compartment and the maturative cell compartment are expanded.
The generation time of the generative cells and the life span of the maturative cells are shortened and become about 17 hours and about 5 days, respectively. The data indicate more rapid migration of the maturative cells in the psoriatic epidermis than in the normal one.
6. The rapid cell renewal of the epidermis of the psorasis vulgaris seems to be responsible for the hyperkeratotic and parakeratotic symptoms.
7. The DNA synthetic index or the labeling index of the generative cells of the other pathologic epidermis: eczema chronicum, erythrodermia diffusa and pemphigus seborrhoicum were calculated. And the cytodynamics in these conditions was analyzed.
8. The regenerative cellular proliferation was observed 36 hours after epidermal injury in the ³H-thymidine autoradiograph taken 1 hour after the local labeling. The zone of the regenerative cellular proliferation spread to distal area from the lesion focus with the lapse of time.
9. The keratinized squamous cell carcinoma of the glans penis was labeled with local injection of the ³H-thymidine. The result was discussed with special reference to the cellular proliferation and the cell compartment formation. The mode of the cytodifferentiation in the squamous cell carcinoma is qualitatively similar to the normal epidermis.
10. The DNA synthesis of the eccrine and apocrine sweat glands and the sebaceous gland were studied.
The generative cell compartment of the sebaceous gland consists of the most external monocellular layer.
The generative cells of the sebaceous gland lose DNA synthetic capacity as they mature and are pushed into the central part of the gland.
11. The differentiation of the epidermal cell seems to be determined during pre synthetic phase (t₁) of the generation cycle while the generative cells migrate to the maturative cell compartment from the generative cell compartment.
Thus the determination of the cytodifferentiation is not related to the mitosis.

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Histological studies on nerve fibers distributed in the bone marrow of young dogs and young goats have been performed, using silver staining methods.
1. The nerves to be distributed in the bone marrow enter the medullary cavity through foramina nutricia in the form of a bundle of mixed nerve fibers, consisting of myelinated and non-myelinated ones. They are divided into two groups, nonvascular independent nerves and vascular proper ones.
In addition, there are other nerve fibers which enter the medullary cavity through HAVERSian canals.
2. The non-vascular independent and the vascular proper nerves form primary plexuses jointly and then give rise to simpler secondary plexuses.
3. There are no nerve cells in the primary and the secondary nerve plexuses.
4. Such nerve fibers as derived from these nerve plexuses form non-branching free endings of sensory nerve fibers in the interstitial tissue and also form terminal networks of vegetative nerve fibers on the walls of blood capillaries and venous sinuses and in the interstitial tissue.
5. It has been ascertained that no terminal network of vegetative nerve fibers envelops free cells directly. This confirmation is different from the result reported by TAKEYAMA, but agrees with that published by STÖHR.

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Electron microscopic observation of the rabbit brain perfused with glutaraldehyde and postfixed in osmium tetroxide revealed the presence of catecholamine-containing granules (granular vesicles) not only in the hypothalamus but also in the area postrema. These granules were demonstrated exclusively in the axons and synaptic terminals, absolutely absent in the neuroglial cells, but moderate numbers also present in the nerve cell bodies of the area postrema. In the synaptic terminals contacting dendritic branches the granular vesicles were intermingled with common synaptic vesicles and usually present at some distance from the synaptic membrane. Reserpine injection (10mg/kg) produced a marked decrease in number (less than one half of the control) of the granular vesicles in the hypothalamus but no appreciable changes in the area postrema.

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Following on the results obtained from the previous study in which the chemical colour reactions for protein and amino acids were employed on the sections of rats' pancreas and the phenol, the imidazol and the indol groups were proved to exist in the zymogen granules of the pancreatic cells, the author, here, has attempted to study the relation of amino acids containing such a group as above described to the production (synthesis) of zymogen granules in the pancreatic cells.
Albino rats of one group were fed for 10 days with the diet which lacks one or all of Tyrosine, Histidine, Tryptophan; the other group were fed for same term with the diet which lacks protein entirely but contains one or all of Tyrosine, Histidine, Tryptophan. Secretory activity of the pancreatic cells, especially the production of zymogen granules in the cells, was observed after administration of the experimental diet, and after the injection of Histamine⋅HCl.
The production of zymogen granules in the pancreatic cells is extremely low after administration of the diet or after the injection of Histamine, when one or all of Tyrosine, Histidine, Tryptophan are lacking in the diet. At times, considerable activity aimed at producing the zymogen granules can be seen in the cell but no production takes place. The feeding of non-protein diet for 10 days causes the functional degeneration of the pancreatic cells. If one of Tyrosine, Histidine or Tryptophan is added into non-protein diet, the functional degeneration is arrested to some extent, and occasionally zymogen granules are produced and increase in the cell after the diet or after the injection of Histamine. But such activity is not verified in all cases of this experiment.
If all three Tyrosine, Histidine and Tryptophan are added into non-protein diet, zymogen granules are produced and are increased in the cell after the diet or after the injection of Histamine, though protein is still entirely lacking.
To sum up these results, it is noted that Tyrosine, Histidine and Tryptophan may be related to the production (synthesis) of zymogen granules in the pancreatic cells, and furthermore they seem to be in the zymogen granules as a component of them, because the phenol, the imidazol and the indol groups have been already proved histochemically to exist in the zymogen granules.

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The RNA and protein synthesis of normal and psoriatic skins together with RNA and protein synthesis of eccrine, and apocrine sweat glands as well as sebaceous glands have been studied by ³H-compounds autoradiography. Tritiated uridine and tritiated leucine are administered by ‘local labeling method’. The results obtained were as follows.
1. The synthesis of RNA and protein was detected in all epidermal cells. The silver grains, indicating RNA and protein synthesis, were seen most dense in prickle cells, moderately dense in basal cells and poor in granular cells.
2. Within one hour after ³H-uridine injection the ³H-labels which were incorporated in RNA of the epidermal cells were located on the nuclei, particularly on the nucleoli. Two or three hours after ³H-uridine injection the labels were found migrating to the cytoplasm.
3. Between normal and psoriatic epidermis no differences of the intensities of RNA and protein synthesis were recognized in the cellular level. It is probable that the marked difference of the epidermis thickness was responsible for the difference of RNA and protein synthesis so far reported in normal and psoriatic conditions.
4. In eccrine and apocrine sweat glands the RNA synthesis was found in all glandular epithelial cells. The labels were located on the nucleus of the cells within one hour after the injection.
5. After ³H-leucine injection, the eccrine and the apocrine sweat glands showed diffuse labeling in all the glandular epithelial cells. In the apocrine gland, 30 minutes after the injection of ³H-leucine the labels were diffusely found within all the glandular cells. And 1.5 hours after the injection the labels became recognizable in the glandular lumen.
6. One hour after injection of ³H-uridine the labels indicating RNA synthesis of sebaceous gland were located on the nuclei of all the inner maturative cells and all the generative cells that form external layer. Thirty minutes after ³H-leucine injection the labels were diffusely seen in the whole cell bodies of the sebaceous gland.
7. Between normal and psoriatic skins no differences of RNA and protein synthesis in the eccrine and the sebaceous gland were recognizable.

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