In order to demonstrate histochemically the content of the productin vacuoles which are seen in the subnuclear portion of the surface cells of the gastric mucous membrane and named by FUJIE 1952, eleven colour reactions for protein and amino-acids were tested on the freezed sections of the dog's stomach fixed by formalin. The test proved that plenty of such substance as an amino-acid containing an imidazol group (like histidine) or, leastways, an analogical substance of it (like histamine) is contained in the surface cells, especially in their subnuclear portion This portion is the one in which the productin vacuoles are seen.

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Die der Wirkung von Ultraschallwellen unterworfenen markhaltigen Nervenfasern von Frosch wurden kurz mit Formalin fixiert und mit lipoidfäbendem Viktoriablau und Irisolechtblau BL gefärbt. Zum Vergleich wurden die Nervenfasern mit Osmiumsäure fixiert und geschwärzt.
Die Ultraschallwellen verursachen zuerst eine deutliche Vermehrung der Färbbarkeit der Markscheidensubstanz mit beiden Farbstoffen. Lipoide Substanz wird also durch die Beschallung freigelegt. Zugleich springen Teile der Markscheidensubstanz vielerorts aus der Innenfläche der Markscheide nach innen in kugeliger Form vor. Nach weiterer Beschallung nimmt die Färbbarkeit der Markscheidensubstanz ab, und die in das Innere vorgesprungene Markscheidensubstanz quellen schlauchenartig und fließen miteinander zusammen. Die Markscheidensubstanz wird mit der stark oxydierend wirkenden, sich also stark reduzierenden Osmiumsäure immer stärker geschwärzt. Allem Anschein nach wird durch länger dauernde Beschallung dipolfreies, stark reduzierendes Neutralfett reichlich losgelöst, woraus eine Prädominanz desselben gegenüber dem dipolstärkeren Lipoid resultiert.

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Minute changes in the liver cells in several stages of the development of cancer in rat's liver after administration of butter-yellow were studied.
1. The animals' weight increased slower. Macroscopic changes appeared in 7 weeks after the beginning of butter-yellow administration, when in total 250mg butter-yellow were given.
2. Under the light microscope, two different features were observed, i. e. predominant multiplication of connective tissue and predominant proliferation of bile duct epithelium. In these two types of tissue, characteristic cells with specific structure appeared. In other liver cells occurred also function changes concerning mitochondria. As common findings for these two types of tissue, there appeared cell-islands and dwarf cells.
3. Where there was a predominance of connective tissue, swollen cells appeared as specific feature after about 3 weeks butter-yellow administration. These cells contained liquid within the cytoplasm, and the mitochondria were fine rods. These cells contained no lipoid and glycogen and showed no morphological changes following an artificial diet. These cells came out first in the peripheral region of the lobule, later in the central area. The mitochondria of these cells became finer and finer and less stainable, and after 15 weeks butter-yellow administration died many of such cells. This type of tissue was assumed to be altering from liver cirrhosis to hepatoma.
4. In the tissue-type in which bile duct epithelium proliferated, lipoid accumulated in the liver cells. The cells should be called therefore inactived cells. In this cells mitochondria became finer and showed no changes after an artificial diet. These cells increased gradually with a proliferation of bile duct epithelium, till they revealed a cholangioma-like picture.
5. The GOLGI's apparatus in liver cells arrayed generally along the cell equator in a form of twist rope or spots and gathered to bile capillaries following an artificial diet. After a long time butter-yellow administration, however, became the apparatus less regular arranged and gathered to bile capillaries slower than by control animal after an diet. In the specific cells, on the other hand, the arrangement of the GOLGI's apparatus was much slender and dispersed, its changes after an diet were not clear to see.
6. Electron microscopic findings of the liver cells were not so distinkt as under the light microscope. Yet were observed irregularity of nucleus, swelling of mitochondria, shortening and disorderly arranging of mitochondrial cristae, decrease of the density of the mitochondria, and also decrease of endoplasmic reticulum.

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Es wurden an Stückchen des Bindegewebes aus dem Subkutangewebe der Maus die Kernmembran, Mitochondrien und verschiedenartige Granulationen der Bindegewebszellen mit einem schwach sauren, negativ geladenen Irisolechtviolett BBN (BAYER) supravital gefärbt. Dieser Farbstoff ist mittelstark polar und hat eine sehr spezifische Affinität zum Lipoid. Es gelang uns somit, die präformierten Gebilde in den Zellen mit einem sauren Farbstoff supravital distinkt zu färben.

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According to the FUJIE's experimental results demonstrating an anti-histamic action of human parotid saliva both in vitro and in vivo, saliva in the OGATA's internal secretion theory of salivary gland will be related with a histamine regulator in the blood. Here the author investigated morphologically the secretory function of the parotid gland cells after the artificial increase of histamine in the blood. Histamine hydrochloride was injected subcutaneously into rats 3mg daily, and the animals were classified into 5 groups being injected 1, 15, 30, 45 and 60 times respectively. Materials were taken on the next day after the last injection, before and after the diet administration.
Results obtained can be summarized as follows. With a repeating the injection the secretion vacuoles are always accumulated in the cells, the gland lumen dilates positively and the weakly stained content can be recognized not only in the gland lumen but also in the intercalated portion and the striated duct. These demonstrate the functional performance of an increased discharge and a still more increased production in the cells, regardless of the diet administration. On the other hand, the cell-nuclei increase their size, and the nuclear contents, RNA and DNA, increase often over their size-augmentation. According to the investigations by K. FUJIE and T. SHIRAYAMA on the relation between the size and content, especially RNA and DNA, of the nucleus and the cell function of the parotid gland, the present author's findings on the cell nucleus confirm an active production and discharge of the secretory substance of the cells, and the observations obtained from the secretion vacuoles in the cells, from the gland lumen and from the secretory duct coincide with those obtained from the cell nucleus. Perhaps it becomes an important support for the theory which assert the absorption of saliva into the blood and the regulative action of the saliva on histamine in the blood, because the anti-histamic action of the parotid saliva (FUJIE) and the remarkable increase of histamine in the blood after an extirpation of the parotid glands (NAKAO) have been previously demonstrated.

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Im Anschluß an die frühere Messung der Menge von Lipoid im Blut bei den Menschen mit verschiedenen Krankheiten und den Knochen- und Knorpelfischen mit sehr differenter Menge von Polysaccharidverbindungen im Knorpel durch die Filtrierung durch das mit Viktoriablau getränkte Filtrierpapier wurde die Menge von Lipoid im Blutplasma des Menschen von 41, bis 75, Jahre in der gleichen Weise bestimmt. Es wurde gefunden, daß in hohem Alter die Lipoidmenge im Blut bei den Menschen mit höherem systolischem Blutdruck durchschnittlich größer ist.

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A common epithelium is found between the glans clitoridis and the inner plate of praeputium clitoridis in human fetus of the latter stage, Their separation seems to be completed after birth. The outer plate of the praeputium is provided with hair follicles only in its radical part. Venous plexus and papillae are formed in the inner but not in the outer plate. Between the two plates of the praeputium blood vessels and branch bundles from the n. dorsalis clitoridis are found running.
The frenulum clitoridis is lined by a 7-8 rowed uncornified stratified flat epithelium, an extention from the common apithelium above. The papillar formation into the epithelium from the propria is poor, but venous plexus in the propria is rather conspicuously developed.
In the labium minus in late fetal stage, the inner plate is covered by a flat epithelium similar to but thinner than that of the vertibulum vaginae, and in its basal layer is found a pigmentation more marked than that in the vertibulum vaginas. The epithelium of the outer plate is thinner than that of the inner plate but is pigmented as darkly. In the propria of both the plates blood vessels, especially, venous plexus are in good development and papillae are also in powerful formation. Only the sebaceous glands without hair follicles are as yet very poorly developed, a small number of them being found in the outer plate alone.
The labium majus is lined by a common haired skin, of which the cornified epidermis is very thin and no papillae are formed subepidermally. The sebaceous glands around the hair follicles are yet not fully developed and the subcutaneous fat tissue is formed very poor.
PACINIan bodies may be found often in the praeputium clitoridis as in the clitoris, mostly between the inner and the outer plates of the basal part of the praeputium. These are of small-sized type, have only a small number of lamellae and contain cell nuclei of infantile type and solitary sensory fibres ending always unbranched.
Sensory fibres from the n. dorsalis clitoridis are seen distributed both in the inner and the outer plates of the praeputium clitoridis, but no such genital nerve bodies or complex branched terminations as found in the counterparts of adults are yet formed, the fibres always ending subepithelially in unbranched or simple branched terminations much smaller in number than in adults, In the outer plate no sensory fibres ending in the epiermis are found, but in the inner plate there are found numerous peculiar intraepithelial fibres in the common epithelium covering the inner plate and the glans clitoridis.
A small number of sensory fibres are found running into the frenulum clitordis. Most of them are comparatively evenly distributed and form branched terminations subepithelially. Neither intraepithelial fibres nor PACINIan bodies are demonstrable here.
The sensory fibres supplied to the minor lips are derived from the n. dorsalis clitoridis, sending out branch fibres into the vestibulum and orificium vaginae. In agreement with the results of study by IKUI on the counterpart of adults, no sensory fibres were found running into the vagina proper in the late fetal too, but in its orifice and vestibule unbranched and simple branched terminations are frequently found.
In the fetal labium minus, somewhat different from that in adults, the distribution of sensory fibres is ampler in the outer than in the inner plate, so that the sensory terminations in the inner plate probably are fortified in development after birth. The sensory terminations here are limited to unbranched and simple branched types, no corpuscular or complex plexus-like terminations being yet formed. These simple terminations are found mainly outside and rarely within the papillae, unlike in adults.
As the major lip is covered by haired skin, the sensory innervation here is quite different from that in the minor lip.

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In cat as well as in man, the nucleus calami scriptorii can be demonstrated in the subependymal layer of the calamus scriptorius. Its size and form, however, are considerably dissimilar from that in man, owing to the difference in the form of the entire brain stem. In man, the cross-section of this nucleus is of oval form elongated ventrodorsally at the height of the obex, but in cat, it is an isoscele triangle elongated transversely, with its apex oriented toward the median line. In size, the nucleus is even larger than in adult man, showing a powerful development. This nucleus bends lateralwards in the range above the obex and reaches the point where the fossa rhomboidea grows to the breadth of 3mm, that is, 3 times as far lateralwards as that of man, before ending. On the levels lower than the obex, it loses rapidly in size, turns more medialwards and fusing with the same nucleus of the other side, soon terminates.
This nucleus is not merely a promontorium gliosum consisting of glial tissue, but is a separate nucleus, since many small nerve cells are found in the glial tissue. Each of these nerve cells contains a comparatively large oval or round cell nucleus containing in turn one conspicuous nucleolus. Hard-stainable neurofibrils are seen in its cell body and the nerve processes emerging thence are also hard to stain, while its single axis cylinder gathers with other similar cylinders into small bundlets and runs through the undermentioned nucleus rotundus and nucleus dorsalis microcellularis finally into the tractus solitarius. In this nucleus of cat, melanin pigment cells, that have been discovered in the human counterpart, were not observed.
In transverse sections at the height of the obex is visible the nucleus dorsalis on the dorsolateral side (on the dorsal side in man) of the nucleus hypoglossus separated from the latter by the nucleus intercalatus. This nucleus consists of the nuclei dorsales macrocellularis closed to the dorsal part of the intercalatus and microcellularis lying on the dorsal side of the former.
The cross-section of the macrocellularis is of oval form elongated transversely and in area approximately equals that of the nucleus hypogloseus on the same level. The number of large nerve cells found in a section at the height of the obex is about 90 or about 3.5 times as large as that of the human nucleus, but diminishes rapidly as we go down from the height of the obex and ends caudally on the same level as the hypoglossus. On the levels higher than the obex, its major axis of cross-section runs from the dorsomedial to the ventrolateral. The number of cells per section temporarily increases, but soon begins to decrease gradually, falling to around 60 at the height of the cranial end of the nucleus calami scriptorii. In the higher range, the nucleus is found transposed to the medial of the tractus solitarius and fades out at the height where the hypoglossal nucleus goes out.
In this nucleus, no pigment cells are contained, though a small number of small nerve cells are detected. The large nerve cells show no such perceptible local difference in size in cat as in man (KOMATSU), are spindle-form or polygonal, are one-third or half as large as the motor cells in the hypoglossus, show rounded contour dissimilar to that of motor cells, contain hardly stainable nerve fibrils and send out thick dendrites which often branch out and perhaps end in sharp points. It seems that fine vegetative fibres from the formatio reticularis end in relation to these dendrites. The neurites from the cells are thin but rather dark-staining, and gathering together into bundlets, run into the solitary tract through the microcellular nucleus. The small nerve cells also show similar nature, and it is certain these nerve cells are all of vegetative nature. Some dark-staining thick fibres are also found in this nucleus, which are probably sensory fibres playing a part in the reflex function.

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The pancreatic tissue in a human liver is described.

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Bei 14 kastrierten, 2 nicht kastrierierten männlichen und 4 weiblichen Schweinen wurden die Karpalorgane und apokrinen Schweißdrüsen in dem subkutanen Gewebe der karpalen order metakarpalen Gegend im Vergleich mit den apokrinen und ekkrinen Schweißdrüsen des Menschen und mit den ekkrinen in dem Handteller und der Fußsohle von anderen Säugetieren histologisch und cytologisch eingehend untersucht. Im folgenden werden die wichtigsten Ergebnisse angegeben.
1. Das Karpalorgan oder die Karpaldrüse findet sich als eine große Drüsenmasse tief im subcutanen Gewebe der Karpalgegend des Schweines und besteht aus vielen größeren Knäueldrüsen: die Knäuel der einzelnen Drusen bilden die Drüsenläppchen, welche durch ein geringes interlobuläres Bindegewebe miteinander verbunden werden. Aus einzelnen Läppchen, den sogenannten Knäueldrüsen geht je ein Ausführungsgang ab und mündet selbständig in die Karpalsacke aus, welche entlang der Medianlinie der hinteren Fläche der Karpalgegend in einer Reihe angeordnet sind.
Die in der Karpalgegend vorhandenen apokrinen Schweißdrüsen liegen oft seicht im subcutanen Bindegewebe oder zwischen den Karpaldrüsen: ihr Ausführungsgang mündet in den oberen Abschnitt des Haarbalges aus.
2. Der Drüsentubulus des Karpalorgans ist fast gleich dünn wie bei den e-Schweißdrüsen des Menschen und bei anderen Säugetieren, seine Dicke zeigt in der gangen Strecke fast keine Schwankung. Er ist sehr lang, zieht sich stark gewunden und bildet ein großes, dichtes Knäuel. Die Drüsenlichtung ist im allgemeinen eng. Der Ausführungsgang beteiligt sich wie bei den e-Schweißdrüsen von Hund, Katze und Ratte nicht an der Knäuelbildung.
Bei den a-Schweißdrüsen in der Karpalgegend ist der Drüsentubulus im allgemeinen sehr dick, seine Dicke schwankt aber deutlich je nach den verschiedenen Stellen. Das Drüsenlumen ist sehr weft. Der Drüsentubulus bildet ein verhältnismäßig kleines, lockeres Knäuel. Der Ausführungsgang nimmt wie bei den a-Schweißdrüsen des Menschen nicht an der Knäuelbildung teil.
3. Wie bei den Schweißdrüsen des Menschen und der anderen Säugetiere baut sich die Drüsentubuluswand der Karpaldrüse aus Drüsenepithel, Myoepithel und Membrana propria.
4. Bei der Karpaldrüse ist die Entwicklung des Myoepithels wie bei den e-Schweißdrüsen des Menschen und der Säugetiere nicht gut; so ist die Anordnung der Myoepithelzellen (glatten Muskelfasern) locker. In den a-Schweißdrüsen der Karpalgegend ist das Myoepithel dagegen so gut ausgebildet, daß die Myoepithelzellen an den meisten Stellen des Drüsentubulus dicht angeordnet, eine ununterbrochne Schicht darstellen.
5. Das Drüsenepithel der Karpaldrüse besteht aus zwei Arten von Drüsenzellen, den dunklen und hellen Zellen, welch erstere wahrscheinlich den Superficialzellen der menschlichen e-Schweißdrüse entsprechen und letztere den Basalzellen.
Diese zwei Drüsenzellarten ordnen sich in der menschlichen e-Schweißdrüse im großen und ganzen zweizeilig an, während bei der Karpaldrüse die dunklen und hellen Zellen nebeneinander einschichtig angeordnet sind. Ihre Verteilung ist nach den Stellen des Drüsentubulus etwas verschieden, aber die dunklen Zellen über treffen im großen und ganzen an Zahl die hellen.
6. Im Drüsenepithel des Karpalorgans lassen sich die interzellulären Sekretkanälchen nicht bestätigen im Gegensatz zu dem der e-Schweißdrüsen des Menschen und der anderen Säugetiere (Hund, Katze, Ratte und Affe).

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