The upper lip of newborn cat comprises a cutaneous zone, a transitional zone (consisting of an outer and an inner subzones) and a mucosal zone, as in man and some other animals, but some features specific to cats are of course present. In the mucous zone along the median line are seen a pair of folds which both bifurcate in the rear.
The cutaneous zone containing densely arranged small hair-roots and besides some large roots of sinus hairs is very rich in sensory hair-nerve fibres and the plexus-like and the fence-like terminations formed in the neck of the hair follicles are not only very complex in formation but also form secondary plexus-like terminations around the upper range of the hair-roots. Besides, rather complex branched terminations are formed in the small papillae beneath the epidermis here. Some of the terminal fibres of the sensory terminations around the root of the sinus hairs enter the epithelial outer root sheath before ending.
In the transitional zone of the upper lip, especially in its part near the median line, where the papillae growing out of the propria are well developed, the proprial plexus is proportionately well developed and the number of sensory fibres coming out therefrom is also considerable.
The sensory terminations in the outer subzone of the transitional zone consist in unbranched and branched terminations as well as intraepithelial fibres, which often run up into the surface layer of the epitelium and always end sharply. A small number of simple end-bulbs are also found in the papillae here of this animal.
A somewhat large number of sensory fibres are found in the inner than the outer transitional subzone, but the types of the terminations are quite the same in both the subzones. The intraepihelial fibres here, though small in number, are very characteristic in that they are comparatively slender and end in small knobs in the surface layer in most cases. In the part near the median line of the inner transitional subzone we found to our interest some reticular terminations formed by very fine terminal branches originated in intraepithelial stem fibres.
In the mucosal zone of the upper lip, the distribution of sensoy fibres is poorer than in the transitional zone, except in the mucosal folds. The terminations in this zone consist in intraepithelial fibres besides a small number of simple subepithelial branched terminations. The former fibres are similar to those found in the inner transitional subzone above and usually end unbranched in small knobs in the surface layer of the epithelium.
In the mucous folds, in particular in their ridges protruding into the oral cavity, the papillae are quite well developed, and a proportionately large number of sensory fibres originating in the well-developed proprial plexus are distributed herein. The types of sensory terminations represented here in these papillae comprise besides rather complex branched terminations and interestingly enough, some moderately large-sized end bulbs containing 2 or 3 sensory fibres, but no intraepithelial fibres. In the very thick epithelium facing the furrows on both sides of these folds, however, intraepithelial fibres of considerable thickness are observed. These fibres often divide into 2 or 3 branches and end in the middle layer of the epithelium in small swellings or blunt points.

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Zur Färbung von Granula in den neutrophilen Leukocyten wurden anstelle von Sudan III auch Viktoriablau, Sudanschwarz B und Irisolechtviolett BBN angewandt, und es wurden neben den speziellen Granulationen auch lipoide Granula gefärbt, und zwer in der genannten Reihenfolge der Farbstoffe ansteigend.
Nach der BAKERschen Hämateinmethode für Phosphatidfärbung wurden die Granula ebensostark wie mit Viktoriablau zur Darstellung gebracht.
Früher hat NAMBA (1956) die im Reagenzglas überlassenen Blutzellen mit Formalindampf fixiert und mit Viktoriablau gefärbt. Durch die in dieser Richtung fortgesetzten Versuche wurde festgestellt, daß in den kurz nach der Blutentnahme fixierten neutrophilen Leukocyten mit Sudan III fast keine Granula darzustellen sind, wohl aber mit Viktoriablau, Irisolechtviolett BBN und Sudanschwarz B, welche zahlreiche Granula anfärben können. Die Färbbarkeit der Granula verstärkt sich während der Überlassung des Blutes meter oder weniger bedeutend, nimmt aber nach 24 Stunden wieder ab.

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Es wurden Ausstriche von Blut des Menschen nach dem Prinzip der FUJIIschen Silbermethode behandelt, um die Mitochondrien in Lymphocyten, Monocyten und neutrophilen Leukocyten zu schwärzen. Beobachtet wurde im Elektronoskop, daß Silberteilchen von 20-30mμ Größe reichlich an den Mitochondrien in den neutrophilen Leukocyten abgelagert sind.

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The writer observed the fine structure of the sweat gland of the sole of a human fetus (6 months old) by means of the electron microscope.
1. The sweat gland of the fetus has already had an inner cavity in the terminal part and the excretory duct. There are microvilli on the free surface of the cells. In the secretory portion, the cell has abundant or a few microvilli, but the epithelial cell of the excretory duct has plenty of that in general. Microvilli of the latter are electron dense in its interior, and its dense structure extends to the inner part of the cell. The glandular cell is often noticed to have a large cell projection besides microvilli.
2. In the glandular cell, there are vacuoles and granules in the vicinity of its apical portion. Some vacuoles contain micro granules or vesicles in their interior. The granules are smaller than mitochondria, but their density is of the same degree with the latter. In the glandular cavity structures like those vacuoles and granules are noticed to be set free.
3. There are an abundance of mitochondria in the grandular cell, and it is often noticed that some mitochondria like a rod lie in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the cell.
4. Spheroidal structures are noticed in the glandular cell. They are of the average size, that is, about 0.63×0.45μ, and have spherules within and their limiting membrane is of two or three folds. Their density is not so high.
5. The myoepithelial element has an intracellular filament only on the side of the basement membrane. And an attachment zone is noticed on a contact-surface to the glandular cell, reminding one of its epidermal origin. The basal membrane lies on the outside of the myoepithelial element.
6. The cell membrane on the lateral side of the glandular cell is comparatively smooth, but the intercellular interdigitation are noticed here and there, sometimes being in gear at a right angle. Interdigitation is noticed to be in a powerful degree in the excretory duct. A small number of basal infoldings are noticed in both the secretory portion and the excretory duct.
7. The glandular cell and the epithelial cell of the excretory duct have both intracellular filaments, and ODLAND's attachment zones are noticed in parts coming in contact with the cell. The form of the attachment zones are comparatively marked in the excretory duct, but its membranes are not so thick in the secretory portion, and some membranes are thought to have degenerated. In the typical attachment zone, the width of the middle part is about 300Å; that of the attachment plaque is about 140Å, showing its approximate correspondence with that in the epidermis. There are some parts where an intercellular contact layer is seen. In some attachment zone in the excretory duct, a double-membraned structure similar to what PALAY calls‘double adielectronic line’is seen.
8. A dense band-shaped part is noticed at the cavity side of the epithelial cell of the excretory duct, where a great number of intracellular filament is noticed to run parallel with the free surface and many small vacuoles are seen. In the juxtanuclear portion of the inner layer cell of the excretory duct, a row of mitochondria is often noticed.

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The human prostata is rich not only in vegetative nerve fibres but also in sensory fibres. Some of the latter come in via the plexus prostaticus but most of them come from the n. perinealis running in from the ventrolateral side of the prostata.
The m. sphincter urethrae is of striated nature formed in the circular smooth muscle layer of the distal portion of the prostata. Numerous myelinated nerve fibres run into the muscularis of this part and mostly form their terminations therein, but a small part of them run through the prostatic parenchyma as far as into the pars prostatica urethrae. These myelinated fibres comprise both motor fibres and sensory fibres, of which the former are usually finer than the latter.
The striated muscle tissue of the sphincter is supplied with motor fibres, of which the terminations are rather widely dissimilar from those found on the common skeletal muscle tissues but are in the form of grape-bunch terminations often found in the striated muscle tissue of the human oesophagus.
The sensory fibres coming into the prostata form a considerable number of terminations in the inner half of the striated muscle layer and the inner smooth muscle layer inside it. These originate generally in very thick fibres and show a very characteristic terminal mode. Their terminal fibres run very irregularly winding courses while showing conspicuous change in size; often the fibres come into mutual anastomosis and form variously shaped neurofibrillar expansions in their courses or terminal areas. Their arrangement is too inorderly to be adjectivally defined. Such terminations are entirely specific to the prostata and I propose the appellation of prostatic receptors for them. These receptors may be classified inot the three tpyes of simple, moderately compex and complex.
No sensory termination could be found in the lateral lobe of the prostata, but in the parenchyma of the anterior lobe I found many thick sensory fibres coming in from the muscularis covering it; their terminations consisted in specific branched terminations resembling the prostatic receptors above, but generally smaller in size than the latter. Their terminal fibres often entered the gland cell layer to end in intraepithelial fibres.
A rather large number of sensory fibres were found in the mucous membrane of the pars prostatica urethrae too. Their terminations consist of a large number of branched terminations and a small number of genital nerve bodies Type I.
The genital nerve bodies are formed in the propria mucosae, are usually capsulated, and 2 or 3 thin or thick terminal fibres from 1 or 2 thick stem fibres are found arranged in glomeruli in their inner bulb rich in oval specific nuclei. Nerve fibres often come out extracapsularly from these bodies and form secondary branched terminations or secondary and tertiary genital bodies, or sometimes intraepithelial fibres.
The branched terminations found in the pars prostatica urethrae are formed subepithelially or intraepithelially. The subepithelial terminations are usually of simple type, but some of more complex type are not rare either. The stem fibres are here usually finer than those of the genital bodies above, branch ont into some finer branch fibres after losing their myelin sheaths and end sharply or bluntly after running more or less long courses.
The intraepithelial terminations are of unbranched or simple branched type and their terminal fibres always end sharply after more or less long inter- and intracellular courses and frequent change in size.
Sensory fibres are found in the pars diaphragmatica urethrae, but their number is much smaller than that of the fibres in the pars prostatica. Their terminations are usually very simply formed and no genital bodies were found here, but it is of interest that some sensory terminations resembling the prostatic receptors above were found in the circular smooth muscle layer containing bulbourethral glands of this part.

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The sensory nerve fibres in the skin part of the lip of dog, as in the common haired skin everywhere, end in connection with the hairs in the largest majority of cases, namely, in the hair-follicle necks surrounded by the sebaceous glands, or the SETO's so-called hair-nerve shields or tubes, very few of them ending beneath the epidermis nearly devoid of papillae. Now, in dog, the hair roots in this part are very much longer than in man and Formosan macaque, and their sebaceous glands are ill developed giving the appearance of more appendages to the hairs, so that the follicle necks are also poorly developed and the sensory terminations therein consist only in simply constructed fence-like, plexus-like and grill-like terminations. Such terminations of different types, however, are not rarely found coexisting in one follicle neck. The sensory fibres supplied to the sinus hairs here are smaller in number than in the lips of Formosan macaque and cat and form terminations similar to those under the finer common hairs, but no such intraepithelial fibres as found in conspicuous presence in connection with sinus hairs in Formosan macaque were found in the dog's lip. Interestingly enough, in this skin part, there are seen some so called epidermal receptors composed of swellings in the epidermis and the papillary layer beneath them particularly rich in sensory branched termiuations.
The transitional and the mucosal parts of the canine lip are very rich in sensory fibres but their distribution shows some difference from that in the lips of man and Formosan macaque, being denser in descending order of the inner subzone of the transitional zone, the mucosal zone and the outer subzone of the transtional zone. As their terminations, the branched terminations may be mentioned first. These are most often of simple type, but more complex branched terminations are not rare either. On not rare occasions, 2 or 3 branched terminations are formed in the same place close together, giving the appearance of a very complex branched or glomerular termination. Their terminal fibres often show change in size during their looped courses and usually end subepithelially in sharp points, but only very rarely in intraepithelial fibres.
In the second place, we may mention the formations resembling the epidermal receptors seen in the skin part above formed always in the part of the outer transitional subzone adjacent to the cutaneous zone. In the third place, mention should be made of end-bulbs of uncommon form. These are found better developed in the mucous membrane of the cheek, as detailed hereunder.
The mucous membrane of the cheek so closely related with the lip embryologically is also very rich in sensory fibres, especially in the horizontal border region extending lateralwards from the oral angles, for this region is of the same histological structure as the inner subzone of the transitional zone of the lip and contains even better-developed papillae as those in the latter. The mucous membrane above and below the border region has a thinner epithelium and poorer papillae than the latter, as does the mucous part of the lip. Accordingly, the sensory fibres here are scantier than in the border region.
The sensory terminations in the buccal mucous membrane are similar to those in the transitional and the mucosal zones of the lip in types but are somewhat more complex in construction, and particularly complex in the border region. These comprise branched terminations and corpuscular terminations, the former consisting in those of simple and of complex types, but sometimes of glomerular type. Grouped existence of branched terminations is more frequent than in the lip. Intraepithelial fibres were not observed here either.
The corpuscular terminations are end-bulbs either of Type I or of Type II.

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Als Untersuchungsmaterial standen BROCKMANNsche Körperchen und kleinere LANGERHANSsche Inseln aus vielen ausgewachsenen, 3 jährigen Karpfen (Cyprinus carpio L.) zur Verfügung, die ein ganzes Jahr hindurch monatlich 4 oder 5 angesammelt wurden. Von der Mitte des Novembers bis zum Anfang des Märzes des nächsten Jahres befinden sich Karpfen im Winterschlaf, sie nehmen in dieser Periode kein Futter auf. Außerdem wurden BROCKMANNsche Körperchen und Inseln aus einigen Seewasserknochenfischen (Paralichthys olivaceus, Kareius bicoloratus, Pagrosomus major, Mylio macrocephalus, Platycephalus indicus und Lateolabrax japonicus) ausschließlich im September zwecks der vergleichenden Untersuchung angesammelt. Bei diesem Untersuchungsmaterial wurden der histologische Bau der BROCKMANNschen Körperchen und Inseln und die cytologischen Beschaffenheiten der Inselzellen unter Berücksichtigung auf die jahreszyklischen Veränderungen eingehend studiert. Bei BROCKMANNschen Körperchen aus Novemberkarpfen wurde eine Reihe elektronenmikroskopischer Beobachtung durchgeführt.
Für die lichtmikroskopischen Beobachtungen geschah die Fixierung mit LEVIsches, CHAMPYsches Gemisch, ZENKER-Formol, BOUINsches Gemisch u. a.. Die hergestellten Paraffinschnitte wurden mit Chromalaunhämatoxylin-Phloxin (CHP, GOMORI), Azan, Aldehydfuchsin (GOMORI), Eisenhämatoxylin (HEIDENHAIN), Anilinfuchsin-Aurantia (KULL) u. a. angefärbt. Zur Darstellung des GOLGIapparates der Inselzellen wurde KOLATCHEVsche Osmiumimprägnation angewandt, Mitochondrien der Inselzellen wurden in CHAMPY-KULL-Präparaten mit besten Erfolgen beobachtet. Für den Nachweis des Glykogens wurde die Perjodsäure-SCHIFFsche Reaktion (PAS) und für die färberische Darstellung der Ribonukleinsäure (RNA) die einfache Thioninfärbung appliziert. Für die elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung wurden kleine Stücke des BROCKMANNschen Körperchen mit der auf pH 7.4 gepufferten 1% Osmiumsäure 3 Stunden lang fixiert und nach der Entwässerung in Methachrylat eingebettet, darauf mit Glasmesser auf einem JUM Ultramikrotom in ultradünne Schnitte zerlegt. Die Beobachtung wurde mit dem JEM III und V Elektronenmikroskop durchgeführt.
1. Die BROCKMANNschen Körperchen werden sowohl bei den Karpfen als auch den Seewasserfischen in der Umgebung der Gallenblase als makroskopisch kleine Knötchen vorgefunden, außerdem finden sich kleinere Knötchen im Bindegewebe, das Ductus choledochus und Darm umhüllt.
2. In BROCKMANNschen Körperchen, nämlich großen selbständigen Inseln bilden die Stränge der Inselzellen ein Netzwerk, dessen Maschenräume durch Blutkapillaren eingenommen sind.
Beim zusammengedrängten Vorkommen vieler kleiner Körperchen füllt das exokrine Pankreasgewebe in der Regel die Zwischenräume zwischen den einzelnen Körperchen aus, in dem gewöhnlich weiter kleine wenigzellige Inseln zerstreut vorkommen. Zuweilen kommt das exokrine Pankreasgewebe umgekehrt im Innern des größeren BROCKMANNschen Körperchens als unregelmäßig geformte Masse vor. In keinen Fällen bestehen zwischen den Inselzellen und den exokrinen Pankreaszellen Übergänge.
3. In den mit Azan oder CHP gefärbten Präparaten lassen sich drei Arten Inselzellen, α-, β- und D-Zellen, unterscheiden, ihre Verteilung ist nach den Größen der Inseln und nach den einzelnen BROCKMANNschen Körperchen ziemlich verschieden, doch nehmen α-Zellen in der Regel ihre periphere Partien ein. Bei Karpfen befinden sich die D-Zellen häufig in einer innigen topographischen Beziehung mit den β-Zellen, während sie bei den Seewasserfischen zum größeren Teil zwischen den α-Zellen wahrzunehmen sind.

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The filiform papillae in the dorsum linguae of newborn dog are small-sized and of short cylindrical form; they are still in a low stage of development and consequently the number of the sensory fibres coming into their stocks is also very small. These fibres form undranched and simple branched terminations beneath the epithelium. The stem fibres are usually medium-sized, but sometimes thick stem fibres are also present and send out terminal fibres which show conspicuous change in size and some windings in their courses. The above findings are not much different from what has been reported on the same papillae of the adult dog. Neither intraepithelial fibres nor corpuscular terminations have been found in the filiform papillae.
The fungiform papillae were much larger than the filiform papillae and their epithelium often contains taste-buds. In most of these papillae, a single nerve bundle runs through the basis into the stock and sends out nerve fibres radially toward the epithelium. The nerve fibres consist of fine vegetative and thick sensory fibres, of which the former end in STÖHR's terminal reticula, but the latter end in unbranched and simple branched terminations beneath the epithelium. These sensory terminations are somewhat more complex than those in the filiform papillae above. The fungiform papillae contain some intraepithelial fibres of simplest unbranched type, but bifurcated intraepithelial terminations are not rare either. The sensory nerve supply to the taste-buds in these papillae is very poor indeed, some of the taste-buds being utterly devoid of any sensory fibre. No corpuscular termination was found in these papillae either.
The foliate papillae on the tongue of the newborn dog were rather typically formed and taste-buds were abundant in the epithelium not only on the sides of the surrounding furrow but also on the side facing directly the oral cavity.
The circumvallate papillae are small both in size and in number. Taste-buds are contained in the epithelium facing the oral cavity and in a smaller and variable number in the epithelium lining the sides of the surrounding furrow. The epithelium of the oral-cavity side was not yet found anywhere depressed, as observed in such papillae of the adult dog.
Basal plexus containing REMAK's hemiganglion cells is formed in the basis of the foliate and the circumvallate papillae. This plexus consists of a larger number of fine vegetative fibres and somewhat fewer thick sensory fibres. The former end in very well-developed terminal reticula in the papillary stocks, while the latter fibres, much more numerous than in the fungiform papillae, spread out radially toward the epithelium and end beneath it. The sensory terminations are mostly of simple branched type, complex ones being as yet unformed. These sensory terminations come into very intimate relation with the vegetative fibres and terminal reticula. They are most often formed just beneath the taste-buds and their terminal fibres often run into the epithelium to end in intra- and extra-gemmal fibres. The terminal fibres frequently show marked change in size and within the epithelium, often end bluntly or in small knobs.
The facies inferior linguae of the newborn dog is generally surfaced by a thin smooth non-cornified stratified flat epithelium. The propria here is also rather thin, and the papillae growing out of the propria into the epithelium are usually very ill developed, but somewhat larger papillae are found near the median line. A few longitudinal mucous folds are formed on the facies inferior.
The facies inferior contains only very ill-developed proprial plexus, and consequently, the sensory fibres therein are also very scanty. The sensory terminations here too are of unbranched and simple branched types only

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Twenty-seven castrated male adult rats of Wistar strain were devided into three experimental groups: The 1st group is non-treated with post-puberal gonadectomy as the control, the 2nd is repeatedly given testosterone propionate (T. P.) 0.05mg/day immediately after the operation, and the 3rd is repeatedly given T. P. 0.5mg/day in the same way. All experimental animals with or without the prolonged administration of the hormones were decapitated respectively 2, 6 and 10 weeks after the castration. The cytological observations obtained in the cells of adenohypohysis were as follows:
Two weeks after the castration, most of β-cells became larger and spherical (gonadotroph), but slender polygonal β-cells (thyrotroph) frequently occurring in intact animals were reduced in number by the removal. Two kinds of β-cells were together strongly stained in general with periodic acid SCHIFF's reaction (PAS). The former is scattered at the whole area of adenohypophysis, and especially accumulated at the vicinity of pars intermedia (sex zone) and the center of the anterior lobe. The signet ring possibly identified to the negative shadow of GOIGI apparatus increased in number and diameter in gonadotrophs. Within 6 weeks, there appeared a great majority of swelling gonadotrophs containing a large size of signetring. Huge colloid substance occupping the cell-body was often recognized in some of large gonadotrophs. Such a kind of β-cell including many tiny vacuoles looks to be rather akin to a degenerating cell. Within the lapse of 10 weeks the whole area of adenohypophysis was full of large spherical gonadotrophs in which expanded signet-ring is usually situated. They may correspond to so-called castration cell of MAXIMOW. α-cells atrophied in 2 weeks, but conversely enlarged in 6 weeks and recovered to the normal level in 10 weeks. The steps in transformation of γ-cells into β-cells were detectable with facility all through the periods following the castration.
In spite of the administratin of T. P. 0.05mg/day to the castrated rats, gonadotrophs were not altered in their frequency in 2 weeks; most of them constantly enclosed signet-ring and were stained with PAS, resembling the castration cells, while thyrotrophs stained strongly with PAS began to appear abundantly. By the prolonged administration for 6 weeks, gnoadotrophs diminished apparently in number and fell into a hyperchromatic degeneration, leaving the atrophic signet-ring within the cell-body, they were, therefore, no longer entitled to the castration cells. Further the number of gonadotrophs was reduced profoundly in 10 weeks, whose signet-ring showed the reduction in diameter, despite their reacting ability with PAS was not so much alleviative. The alterations in α-cells induced by the castration resulted in the restoration by the hormone therapy. The changes in α-cells are equivalent in general to those in castrated rats.
In rats with the persistent injection of 0.5mg/day T. P., most of β-cells atrophied exceedingly even in 2 weeks; they were strongly stained with PAS and provided the condensed homogeneous cytoplasm sometimes containing a small size of signet-ring. Thus the injection of higher dose of hormone made not only the atrophic pattern, but also remarkable reduction in number of β-cells. Evidences were present that gonadotrophs produced an improvement of pathological hyperactivity induced by the castration, and moreover attained to status of hypoactivity. α-cells increased in number and were recoved from the diminution following the castration. Within 6 weeks all of β-cells fell into outstanding atrophy and have slender polygonal contour without an exception; large spherical gonadotrophs completely disappeared in remaining a few withering thyrotroph at the center of the adenohypophysis. However, atrophic changes were much or less alleviated in 10 weeks

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