Bei den Bauchspeicheldrüsen aus zwei, im September gefangenen männlichen und weiblichen Giftschlangen, Hian, Hemibungarus japonicus GUENTHER, die in Japan nur ausschließlich auf der Insel AMAMIOSHIMA leben, wurden die LANGERHANSschen Inseln histologisch und cytologisch eingehend studiert. Für die Fixierung der Gewebsstücke wurden LEVIsches Osmiumgemisch und ZENKER-Formol angewandt. Die fixierten Gewebsstücke wurden nach dem Waschen entwässert und durch Xylol in Paraffin eingebettet und in 3-4μ dicke Serienschnitte zerlegt. Die Färbung der Paraffinschnitte geschah mit Azan, Aldehydfuchsin-Lichtgrün-Orange G (AFLO), Chromalaunhämatoxylin-Phloxin nach GOMORI (CHP), Eisenhämatoxylin (HEIDENHAIN), Anilinfuchsin-Aurantia nach KULL, Hämatoxylin-Eosin und Perjodsäure- SCHIFFscher Reaktion (PAS).
Im folgenden werden die wichtigsten Ergebnisse zusammengefasst dargestellt.
1. Die Läppchenstruktur des Pancreas ist nicht gut ausgeprägt. Zwischen den exokrinen Endstücken finden sich kleine Endverzweigungen der Ausführungsgänge, die den Schaltstücken entsprechen dürften; ihren einzelnen kurzen Ästen schließen sich lange, tubuläre Endstücke an, die wahrscheinlich gewunden verlaufen, sich verästeln und sich miteinander anastomosieren. Entlang dem schmalen spaltartigen Drüsenlumen, das in der Mitte des Endstückes längs verläuft, finden sich zerstreut kleine elliptische helle Kerne der centroacinären Zellen, die als intraacinäre Fortsetzung der Schaltsückepithelien anzusehen sind. Die exokrinen Drüsenzellen (Acinuszellen), die um das Drüsenlumen einschichtig angeordnet sind, führen in ihrem Apikalteil grobe Zymogengranula und in ihrem Basalteil mit Azan bläulich angefärbtes Ergastoplasma, das öfters neben dem Kern der Acinuszellen einen rundlichen, sog. Nebenkern bildet. Die rundlichen Kerne der Acinuszellen finden sich in der Regel im Basalabschnitt der Zellen. Sie enthalten je einen großen rundlichen Nucleolus. In dieser Hinsicht lassen sie sich von der centroacinären Zellen sowie der Inselzellen wohl unterscheiden.
2. Die LANGERHANSschen Inseln verteilen sich zum größten Teil in dem der Milz zugerückten Endabschnitt des Pancreas, wo der Pancreas sich mit der Milz in gewisser Strecke verwächst. Nach der Größe lassen sich die Inseln in große, mittelgroße und kleine einteilen, welche alle histologisch das gleiche Bauprinzip zeigen.
Die Inseln von Hian, in Gegensatz zu den von Elaphe quadrivirgata (ITO, WATARI u. YAMAMOTO 1960), stehen alle mit den exokrinen Endstücken des Pancreas in einen innigen topographischen Beziehung; alle Inselzellen kommen innerhalb der Endstücke an Stelle der Acinuszellen vor. So grenzen beide Zellarten unmittelbar aneinander an, ohne aber durch eine Faserschicht voneinander abgetrennt zu sein; spezielle Blutkapillaren dringen niemals in die Inseln führenden Endstücke ein. Die Inselzellen sind im großen und ganzen nahezu zylindrisch oder kubisch gestaltet und heften sich mit dem einem Ende an die Membrana propria der Endstücke (Gefäßpol der Inselzellen) an. In verschiedenen Graders nehmen die Inselzellen an Stelle der Acinuszellen den Rauminhalt der Endstücke ein:
a) Bei dem Fall, in dem die Inselzellen ein Endstück gänzlich oder zum größten Teil einnehmen, sind sie, in Längsschnitt des Endstückes beobachtet, an den beiden Seiten des in der Mitte des Endstückes längs verlaufenden Drüsenlumens je in einer Reihe quer angeordet. So erreichen die Gefäßpole einzelner Inselzellen die Membrana propria des Endstückes

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A developmental history of the motor endplate in the chick embryo skeletal muscle has been studied with SUZUKI's silver impregnation method and the thiolacetic acid method for specific cholinesterase activity. The neuro-muscular junction occurs initially in a 12-13 day development; evidence is presented that SCHWANN cells which encapsulate the axon, contact with the sarcoplasm, leaving the axonal end distant from the junctional surface where intense cholinesterase activity is demonstrated. In a 15 day development the subjunctional sarcoplasm shows a gradual eminence and fundamental nuclei start to divide amitotically. In a 17-18 day development the axonal terminal swelling shows a marked increase in size. The subneural apparatus is depressed by an exerting pressure of the terminal swelling. From 19 days in ovo to 1 day ex ovo unstained contents of the terminal swelling disappears, leaving the capsular neurofibrillar network; the network forms a large loop on the muscle fiber. The axon continues to grow and turns along the loop. In a course of ex ovo development subterminal axonal sproutings frequently occur. The subneural apparatus also develops in association with a growing pattern of nervous elements.

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The ciliary fine-structure of the neck segment of the nephron in Triturus ensicauda was studied by electron-microscope.
The structure of the cilium is basically similar to various organisms, but there are considerable variations in the ciliary apparatus. The distal part of the basal body curves and becomes narrower and finally is closed. There is no basal plate at the level of the upper limit of the basal body, and the basal part of the central fibrils of the cilium ends in the central cavity of the shaft portion of the basal body without adhering to any concrete structure. From the wall of the shaft portion, the knoblike process projects towards nearly the same direction of a movement of the cilia. It also shows the same density as that of the wall of the basal body. The lumens of the shaft portions with moderate numbers of basal bodies are filled with a considerable numbers of dense granules, each of which is about 200Å in diameter and more or less polygonal. These granules are aligned in rows along the long axis of the basal body and nearly in contact with the wall of the basal body. One peripheral fibril probably has a single row of dense granules, so nine rows of granules are arranged in the lumen of the basal body. From the tail part of each basal body two rootlet fibers arise; each of which extends at random towards the apical cytoplasm of the epithelial cell and has crossbanding with definite period.

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An investigation into the histochemistry of a mucin occurring in the PAGET cell was made of extramammary PAGET's disease of 3 cases.
1. The mucin was identified by its positive periodic acid-SCHIFF, periodic acidphenylhydrazine-SCHIFF, alcian blue and toluidine blue staining abilities. The periodic acid-SCHIFF reaction was decreased by methylation as well as sialidase digestion and by mild acid hydrolysis, and the periodic acid-phenylhydrazine-SCHIFF reaction was completely blocked by these treatments. The alcianophilia and toluidine blue metachromasia were blocked by methylation and largely decreased by mild acid hydrolysis and sialidase digestion.
2. The mercuric bromphenol blue reaction was moderately found in the cytoplasm of the PAGET cell.
3. From the evidence presented, it is concluded that the mucin occurring in the PAGET cell is a sialic acid-containing mucopolysaccharide-protein complex.

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1. An enzymohistochemical study of the PAGET cells in extramammary PAGET's disease has been presented. The enzymes examined included uridinediphosphate glucose-glycogen transferase, phosphorylase, and the enzymes of the EMBDENMEYERHOF pathway, the pentose shunt, the TCA cycle and the cytochrome system.
2. Each enzyme of the EMBDEN-MEYERHOF pathway, the pentose shunt, the TCA cycle, and the cytochrome systemm was increased or unchanged in the PAGET cells, in comparison with that in the malpighian cells. In contrast, no phosphorylase activity was found in the PAGET cells, although uridinediphosphate glucose-glycogen transferase reaction and glycogen were demonstrated.

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The aneurysm of the abdominal aorta (AAA) accounts for 75.8% of all the diseases of the abdominal aorta, which were operated upon in the department of surgery of Professor KIMOTO. AAA is different in its shape and location, and the most predominant one occupies from below the ramifications of the renal arteries to the bifurcation of the abdominal aosta. This typical AAA accounts for 96.8% of all AAA and was studied clinicopathologically in this thesis, beginning with its relation to the normal abdominal aorta and referring lastly to its therapy and prognosis.
1. An aortometry was performed on the translumbar aortograms and normal aortae of autopsy cases. The circumferences of the abdominal aorta differ greatly between that intravital and this postmortem state at the ramification of celiac artery, but scarcely below the ramifications of the renal arteries, indicating that this latter suffers an irreversible distension. As is well known, the distal portion of the abdominal aorta belongs to the ‘transitional type of artery (ROTTER and ROTTMANN)’ and reveals earlier and stronger arteriosclerotic changes.
2. An intravital YOUNG's modulus (IYM) was defined on the basis of the reversible intravital distension of the aorta at the ramification of the celiac artery. IYM (Y) is given by: Y=PLL'/2π(L-L'), where P is mean blood pressure, L is intravital and L' is postmortem circumference of the aorta. IYM varies between the value of the YOUNG's modulus of the elastic fibers and that of the smooth muscles, and reveals a characteristic pattern in relation to age. This pattern can be divided into three phases, namely the first phase being up to the second decade of age, the second phase ranging from the third decade of age to the sixth decape of age in man and the fifth decade of age in woman, and lastly the third phase being the age thereafter. In the second phase the value of IYM approaches to that of the YOUNG's modulus of the smooth muscles, and in other phases it approaches to the value of the YOUNG's modulus of the elastic fibers. On the whole, the value of IYM of man is nearer than that of woman to the value of the YOUNG's modulus of the smooth muscles.
3. The histometrical results of the study of histological constitution of the normal abdominal aortae are as follows.
a. The thickness of media increases until the fourth decade of age in man and the sixth decade of age in woman, and decreases there-after. Accordingly it is thicker in woman than in man in and after the sixth decade of age.
b. The number of the elastic fibers scarcely differs according to sex and age, but greatly decreases in the more distal portion of the aorta. The elastic fibers begin to become exhausted and splitted in and after the third decade of age. There changes are severe in the more distal portion of the aorta.
c. The percentage of the collagen fibers in the media is high during the first two decades and in and after the fifth decade of age. In the third and fourth decade the percentage of the smooth muscles is also relatively high.
4. The above-mentioned facts substantiate the high value of IYM in its first and third phase. On the other hand, in the second phase of IYM it is expected that the active tension of the smooth muscles is considerably strong to resist the blood pressure. This tension decreases as the smooth muscles become exhausted and collagenated, resulting medial thinness and extention.
5. From the foregoing results, it is considered that the distal portion of the abdominal aorta is apt to suffer arteriosclerotic infirmity especially in man after the fifth decade of age, being one of the major causes from which AAA arises.
6. Typical AAA can be divided into four different types, each of which has characteristic aortogram and clinicopathological findings. They can be summarized as the following table.

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