The cerebellar cortex of new-born kitten was cultivated in vitro and was silver impregnated by BODIAN mehtod.
Figures of neurons were traced by ABBE's apparatus and features of dendrites and neurites were observed. Neuronal elements are classified into five types and their correspondence to the phases in the development of the PURKINJE cell and other kinds of nerve cells in cerebellar cortex is discussed.
Swollen masses along the path of neurites and terminal endings are described and discussed.

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In addition to lung and gill respirations, there is a specific type of respiration in the Misgurnus anguillicaudatus which is generally called ‘Loach's intestinal respiration’ and is considered to be of as large as one third of the total respiration volume.
Many experimental and physiological studies about the intestinal respiration have been made (SUYEHIRO 1933, KOYAMA 1958 etc.), yet no one has made any morphological study up to the present.
After our cytological and electronmicroscopical studies of matured loach's intestines it has been confirmed that the respiration is carried out by straight intestine (lower intestine) and especially that columnar cells each are to play an active part in it. Furthermore comparative studies have been made between lung epithelium (LOW 1952, BARGMANN and KNOOP 1956, KARRER 1956 and GRONIOWSKI and DJACZENKO 1961) as well as gill epithelium (HAYEK 1960, MIZUHIRA et al. 1962) and loach's lower intestine epithelium from the respiratory functional view point.
The results obtained are summarized as follows;
Material and methods: Matured loachs (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) were sacrificed after one day's starvation, and upper intestine (coiled intestine) and lower intestine (straight intestine) were extracted and fixed in LEVI'S solution, ZENKER-formol and 10% formalin. For the electron microscopy, small pieces of both intestines were fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide adjusted to pH7.4 with phosphate buffer, dehydrated through a series of alcohol, and then embedded in styrene and n-butyl methacryrate (1:1), epon, and new epoxy resine ‘epok 533’ recommended by KUSHIDA's method. Thin sections were cut on a PORTER-BLUM microtome with glass knives, stained with uranyl acetate, and examined in a HITACHI's HU-10 electron microscope and a NIPPON DENSHI's JEMT-6 electron microscope at magnification of 1, 000-10, 000.
1. The epithelium of the intestinal mucous membrane is composed of one layer of columnar cells. Villi are well developped in the upper intestine where columnar cells form a great majority of the intestinal epithelial cells, and goblet cells are recognized scatteringly. These columnar cells take slender columnar form and have striated border. The nuclei are round or oval in shape and are found at the basal part of the cell. Mitochondoria are of a short thread shape or a short bacilli-form and mostly gather at the apical portion of the cell. Small arteries and capillaries are observed in the lamina propria of the mucous membrane.
2. In the lower intestine (straight intestine), no villi are observed and yet goblet cells are found in comparatively great numbers. What especially differs from the upper intestine (coiled intestine) is the fact that blood capillaries get into intercellular spaces of the columnar cells from the lamina propria, and widen their space and swell toward the intestinal lumen. As a result the surrounding columnar cells remarkablly transform themselves because of the pressure of the capillaries, turn into a thin layer and lose their striated border.
These phenomena are recognized in almost all parts of the lower intestine and are particularly remarkable about the anus.
However, as far as goblet cells are concerned, their form differs according to the mass of the mucous contents as in the upper intestine, and the above said insertion of the capillaries has practically no deforming effect upon their form. Furthermore, they open into the intestinal lumen with a small stoma, and do not cover the intestinal side of capillaries.
Consequently it is the columnar cells that perform the respiration, while goblet cells only assume charge of producing mucus for the smooth discharge of feces through the intestinal cavity.
No PANETH's cells and no chromaffin cells are found.
The intestinal muscle layers consist of inner circular and outer longitudinal layers

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The region connecting the uterus and the vagina of the fowl oviduct was studied histologically and histochemically. It was found that there were a special mucosal zone at the caudal end of the uterus and another at the beginning of the vagina. Each zone was characterized by the following structures.
1. The caudal end of the uterus forms a ring shaped zone, about 0.5-1cm wide, immediately before the vaginal orifice. It is covered with a grayish-white mucous membrane and has low, somewhat longitudinally arranged mucosal folds. These folds differ from those of the main portion of the uterus, which are leaf-like and faintly pinkish in color. This zone is usually distinguished by the mucosal color, which is variable according to the functional activity of the oviduct. The histological feature of this zone is the presence of small tubular glands which are different from the uterine glands and which are scattered in the stroma of loose connective tissue of the mucosal lamina propria. The histochemical feature of the zone consists in the deposition of cholesterin ester lipid in its covering epithelium. The deposited lipid varies in quantity according to the activity of the oviduct. Generally, it is abundant in a stage when there is no egg in the oviduct, but it is quite scanty immediately after the expulsion of an egg.
2. The beginning of the vagina forms an area, about 1cm far from the vaginal orifice, which is greater in diameter and which has lower and wider mucosal folds than the other portions of the vagina, the most striking histological feature of this zone is the presence of large tubular glands, which are called the vaginal glands. Histochemically, the glandular cells of the vaginal gland is characterized by the presence of a large amount of cholesterin ester lipid. The functional change in the amount of this substance in the vaginal gland cells is the same as in the preceding uterine covering epithelium.
3. The function of the glands at the caudal end of the uterus and at the beginning of the vagina could not be clarified. Judging from their position and functional activity, these glands seem to contribute to the formation of the cuticle layer of egg shell.
4. The deposition of cholesterin ester lipid in the two parts mentioned above is the most outstanding feature of the region of the uterovaginal juncture. This substance seems to play some role in the formation of the cuticle layer, since it is discharged when the egg is laid.

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Bei insgesamt 51 Fällen von Schlange (Elaphe quadrivirgata), die ein ganzes Jahr hindurch monatlich gefangen wurden, wurde die Schilddrüse mikroskopisch studiert. Die sofort nach dem Töten herausgeschnittene Schilddrüse wurde mit ZENKER-Formol und CHAMPYschem Osmiumgemisch fixiert, in Paraffin eingebettet und in etwa 4μ dicke Serienschnitte zerlegt. Die Färbung geschah mit Hämatoxylin (HANSEN)-Eosin, Azan, Anilinfuchsinaurantia nach KULL und Perjodsäure SCHIFFscher Methode (PAS).
1. Die Follikelwand besteht aus dem einschichtigen Follikelepithel und der dünnen Basalmembran, die mit Azan blau und mit der PAS-Methode rot angefärbt wird. Zwischen den Follikelepithelzellen findet sich die Schlußleiste, aber lichtmikroskopisch erkennbare Interzellularlücken oder -kanälchen werden niemals angetroffen. Interstitielles Bindegewebe ist im allgemeinen arm an Fasern und Bindegewebszellen, aber reich an Blutkapillaren; die PAS-positive amorphe Grundsubstanz sieht homogen aus, tingiert sich mit Farben gleichmäßig wie das intrafollikuläre Kolloid. Blutkapillaren, die in die Basalfläche des Follikelepithels einsinkend verlaufen (basale Kapillaren nach CLARA), kommen öfters vor.
Im Follikelkolloid findet man zuweilen abgefallene degenerierte Follikelzellen, außerdem tritt die Ablösung des Follikelepithels in verschiedenen Strecken des Basalmembran und die Einschlagung des abgelösten Epithelabschnitts in das Follikellumen zutage. Der abgelöste Epithelabschnitt enthält degenerierte Epithelzellen, infolge der Zerreißung des ersteren erfolgt natürlich die Öffnung des Follikellumens nach dem interstitiellen Bindegewebe. Auf diesem Wege ist die Schwemmung des Follikelkolloids möglich. Bei der am weitesten fortgeschrittenen Epithelablösung bedingt sich ein lediglich von der Basalmembran begrenzter Follikel, der das Kolloid und abgefallene, degenerierte Epithelzellen in wechselnder Zahl enthält. Die mitotischen Figuren der Follikelepithelzellen werden nicht gefunden. Das intrafollikuläre Kolloid erscheint gewöhnlich homogen und strukturlos, färbt sich mit Perjodsäure SCHIFFscher Methode intensiv rot.
2. Im Follikelepithel kommen zuweilen degenerierte, als ganzes intensiv gefärbte, mehr oder weniger atrophierte Follikelzellen in unbestimmter Zahl vor, die vielleicht den LANGENDORFFschen Kolloidzellen entsprechen dürften. Außerdem treten bei Elaphe quadrivirgata die im Basalabschnitt eine große Vakuole führende, birnförmig angeschwollene Follikelepithelzellen in kleiner Zahl auf, die mit den von UHLENHUTH (1925) in Amblystomaschilddrüse entdeckten, als 'BENSLEYsche Kolloidzel le' bezeichneten Zellen identisch sind. In dieser Untersuchung werden diese Zellen 'UHLENHUTHsche Kolloidzellen' genannt und eingehend beobachtet.
3. Die gewöhnlichen, sekretorisch tätigen Follikelepithelzellen führen viele stäbchen- und fadenförmige Mitochondrien vorwiegend oberhalb des Kerns, der in der Regel nach Basalabschnitt der Zelle mehr verschoben vorhanden ist. In der Umgebung des Kerns findet man öfters eine helle Cytoplasmazone, in der die Mitochondrien nicht verteilt sind. Diese Zone erscheint unter Umständen sehr hell und zeigt mehr oder weniger gebogene parallels Faserstrukturen ('parallele Faserung' nach UHLENHUTH), sie färbt sich bei der einfachen Thioninfärbung basophil und metachromatisch, so entspricht sie wahrscheinlich dem Ergastoplasma oder dem elektronenoptisch sichtbaren, lamellär dicht angeordneten, rauhen endoplasmatischen Reticulum, welches neuerdings von WATARI (1962) in den Follikelzellen der Schlangenschilddrüse nachgewiesen wurde.

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The main part of the adenohypophysis that is the Übergangsteil, pars principalis or meso-adenohypophysis of the carp was investigated through the light- and electron microscopes. This part of the carp pituitary consists of glandular cells of three types, acidophiles, basophiles and chromophobes.
Both of the acidophiles and basophiles contain a great number of secretory granules which are proved to be produced at the GOLGI apparatus with the eleccron microscope. Two types of granules were seen in both the acidophiles and basophiles. One type of the granules of acidophiles is regularly round but another is irregular in shape, either elongate, dumbbell-shaped or tadpole-like. Some cells of the acidophile group contain exclusively round granules with few exceptions, while others contain the granules mostly irregular in shape. Sometimes cells with mixed round and irregular granules can be observed. These two types of granules in the acidophile could not be distinguished from each other by light microscopy.
In the basophiles, there also exist two types of granules, one is small and about the same in size as acidophile but another may reach the size as large as a half of the nucleus. The latter has been repeatedly noticed by the early investigators and often called the globules. They are acidophilic in contrast to the basophilia of small granules when stained with azan method after fixation with ZENKER-formol. The globules are positively stained with both of the lipid stainings (Sudan black B, Sudan III and BAKER's acid hematein) and the protein detection (mercuric bromphenol blue). They are also positive to periodic acid-SCHIFF reaction, aldehyde fuchsin and chrome-alumhematoxylin stainings. Therefore, it is possible to conjecture that the globules may be glucolipoprotein.
Electron microscopic observations revealed a large globule which contains many small secretory granules and vesicles with their limiting membranes. This finding may suggest a possibility that small granules and vesicles may gather into a large body and that coalescence of small granules may bring forth the large globules. Membraneus elements of lipoprotein structure intermingled with conglutinating granules may be responsible to the phospholipid moiety of the large globules which stain with fat-staining dyes especially with BAKER'S acid hematein.

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In conclusion, the authors suggest the physiological hypopigmentation of the palm and sole skin is primarily due to the fact that this area is physiologically provided with a cystine-rich, thick layer of the stratum corneum. Cystine shows the absorption spectrum at the same wave length as ultraviolet rays, and thus the horny layer, containing cystine in abundance, will minimize the degradation of cellular protein of the MALPIGHIan layer as well as the unfolding of SH group.
This may also be a histochemical basis for the characteristic reaction of UNNA's oxygen and reduction sites. In the skin of pigmentary macula of ephelides inversa type, however, a congenital abnormality is regarded as the primary source of continuous supply of melanin granules.

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