The literatures pertinent to the auditory efferent pathways, particularly to their central part, were reviewed.
Most of the auditory efferent pathways originate from the primary anditory area. The efferent auditory pathways run all the way with the auditory afferent pathways, untill they are connected with the Rasmussen's olivo-cochlear bundle. The function of the auditory efferent pathways is regarded as control over the cochlear gating.
Both physiological and anatomical findings indicate the existence of the cortico-reticulocochlear pathways. These fibers also appear to participate in controlling the cochlear nuclei.
The present author suggests that the auditory efferent pathways may be significant in diagnosis of locating the lesion which is responsible for the retrocochlear hearing loss.

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The standard audiometric tests of hearing impairment were performed iii 62 school children of cerebral palsy and the following results were obtained.
1) 17 of them had hearing impairment and 15 of them, 27 ears, showed perceptive deafness.
2) Perceptive deafness was noted in 44 o of the children with athetoid form, 14.3% of the children with spastic form and none of the children with ataxic form.
3) Generally, 7400 of these perceptive deaf children showed high tone deafness. Especially in the children with athetoid form. 16 of 18 ears were found to have the high tone deafness. There was no characteristic pattern in the audiogram of the children with spastic form.
4) In 10 cases, the hearing loss in the audiogram was of the symmetric type.
5) Generally, no marked relation was found between the occurence of hearing impairment and the etiological factors of the cerebral palsy.

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Clinical observations, therapy and postmortem-examinations of one case of progressive necrotic rhinitis was reported. Pathogenesis of this disease is not clear yet, but authors did consider sarcoma on it in the view of pathological findings. This should be treated clinically as malignant tumor and treatment for anemia must be considerable.

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Disophrol Chronotab, an oral constrictive agent of mucous membrane of upper respiratory tract was given to 23 patients. The results suggest that Disophrol Chronotab is a very valuable drug for treating allergic, hypertrophic rhinitis.
Side effects were noted in 38% of patients, but there was no severe condition.

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The effect of γ-Oryzanol (γ-OZ) on the lump in throat (Hypopharynx-neurosis) was studied in 30 cases.
The dosage of the agent was 9 tablets a day and it was administered `continuously in 2 to 4 weeks.
7% sodium bicarbonate solution (50-250cc) was simultaneously administered intraveneously in all cases.
The complain was completely removed in 14 cases (46.7%); improved in 9 cases (30%); no change was seen in 7 cases (23.3%)
No case was aggravated by the treatment and there was no marked side effect.

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The authors have presented the experiences which they had when they tried Ananase in the otorhinological field. In the distended cheek occurred after the operation to totally eliminate sinusitis, Ananase was effective in all 8 patients. In 27 patients in whom Ananase was given as the non-operational treatment of chronic sinusitis, it was significantly effective in 8, effective in 11 but not effective in 8 patients. In 19 ears with tubal obstruction or exudative otitis media in 15 patients, Ananase was significantly effective in 11, effective in 4 but not effective in 4 ears. It can be expected that Ananase is effective in various types of otorhinolaryngological disorders, but with its easiness of use.

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Therapeutic effect of Atarax was tested by using it in the treatment of 16 cases affected with otitis media catarrhalis, 4 cases with eczematous otitis, 6 cases with rhinitis allergica, and 27 cases with laryngeal neurosis.
In otitis media catarrhalis the agent was effective in establishing a cure in 69% of total number; in eczematous otitis, 100%; rhinitis allergica, 100%; and laryngeal neurosis, 63%. Thus, favarable resultsare obtained by use of this agent in the field of otorhinolaryngology.
There was no undesirable side-effect in its use.

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Many papers have been published to the effect that plasmin, one of the proteolytic enzymes occurring in vivo by activation of plasminogen, breaks down plasma protein, increases capillary permeability, and is thus closely associated with the development of allergic symptoms, inflammation, hemorrhagic tendency, etc.
Experimental studies were performed in our Department on the antiphlogistic and antiallergic property of an antiplasmin agent, Resplamin, by administering it to 27 patients with exudative otitis media and other otorhinological diseases. The studies have led to the following conclusions.
1) Resplamin was remarkably effective in 8 of the 27 cases, effective in 9, fairly effective in 6, and ineffective in 4, the effective rate being 85.5%.
2) Aural and nasal discharge were positive for eosinophils in about one half of the cases of exudative otitis media getting the drug. The drug was effective in 83.3% of the cases of exudative otitis media. Concomitant infusion of the drug into the middle-ear cavity produced still better results.
3) In the other types of otorhinological diseases than the above, though the cases treated were small in number, the drug was found fairly good, and was thus evaluated worthy of tentative use.
4) Treatment with Resplamin of experimental acute otitis media and allergic otitis media in rabbits observed the middle-ear cavity of the treated animals to be not appreciably different from control, attesting to the potent antiphlogistic and antiallergic activity of Resplamin.

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Ninety three cases were diagnosed as the cancer of hypopharynx in the recent six years (1958-1963). Among them, 33 cases, about one-third of the all cases, were treated with the radical pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy.
This report is concerned with the radical surgery only.
According to the International Classification of the cancer of hypopharynx, our cases were divided into three groups. The number of cases in each of the three groups is shown in the table below.
It is necessary to prepare the gutter-like structure on the prevertebral fascia prior to the secondary reconstruction of pharyngostoma.
The primary result of our surgical excision is 45% in one year survival rate.
Most of our pirif orm cases succumbed to the pulmonary metastasis or multiple metastases. In the postcrcoid group, majority died of the local recurrence.
The results of radiological treatment alone are still disappointing. Consequently, radiological and surgical combined therapy becomes necessary.
At present in our clinic most of the cases are irradiated with the dose of 3000 γ in two weeks as the pre-operative irradiation.

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