Practica Oto-Rhino-Laryngologica
Online ISSN : 1884-4545
Print ISSN : 0032-6313
ISSN-L : 0032-6313
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Volume 78, Issue 2
Displaying 1-23 of 23 articles from this issue
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  • Treatment of Vertigo Based on Neuropharmacology
    Shuji Takaori, Masashi Sasa, Izuru Matsuoka
    1985 Volume 78 Issue 2 Pages 165-176
    Published: 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.78.165
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The mechanism of action of antivertigo drugs was reviewed in the light of our neuropharmacological studies, with special reference to neurotransmitters and neuromodulators such as bioactive amines, amino acids and peptides. It was concluded that acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter candidate from the vestibular nerve to the lateral vestibular nucleus neurons and that the vestibular nucleus neurons are not regulated by noradrenaline and dopamine. Diphenhydramine, an antihistamine, interfered with synaptic transmission in the medial vestibular nucleus neurons much more effectively than in the lateral vestibular nucleus neurons. Betahistine, which is chemically related to histamine, produced more pronounced inhibition of polysynaptic neurons than monosynaptic neurons in the lateral vestibular nucleus. Central vasodilators such as cinnarizine and ATP increased the responsiveness of the vestibular nucleus neurons, probably due to an indirect effect resulting from increased cerebral blood flow. In contrast, ethanol predominantly inhibited synaptic transmission of the monosynaptic neurons in the lateral vestibular nucleus with much less effect on the polysynaptic neurons as well as the medial vestibular nucleus neurons. These results indicate that the selection of durgs for the treatment of vertigo should take into account the mechanism of action of the drugs and the etiology of the symptoms.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    1985 Volume 78 Issue 2 Pages 178-179
    Published: 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.78.178
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  • Usefulness of CT in Preoperative Examinations for Middle Ear Surgery
    Toshimitsu Kobayashi, Tokio Sakurai, Katsuhisa Ikeda, Kazuhiko Taniguc ...
    1985 Volume 78 Issue 2 Pages 181-188
    Published: 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.78.181
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    The usefulness of CT in preoperative examinations for middle ear surgery was evaluated on the basis of whether or not it can provide a surgeon with useful information not available from the other preoperative examinations, such as microscopic examination, pure tone audiometry, impedance audiometry, equilibrium tests, conventional X-ray films, etc.
    The findings of CT were compared with those obatained during operations and the following conclusions were reached:
    CT is especially useful for the three purposes indicated below.
    (1) to determine the patency of the attic air route to the mastoid antrum.
    (2) to make differential diagnoses of middle ear diseases in the presence of obstructive pathology of the external auditory meatus.
    (3) to make a rough estimate of the extent of cholesteatoma growth in the middle ear cleft, and to diagnose labyrinthine fistulae.
    CT proved less effective or useless for the following three purposes.
    (1) to secure detailed information on the status of the ossicular chain.
    2) to determine the precise exetent of the growth of cholesteatoma.
    3) to evaluate the postoperative status of the ear.
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  • Set-Back Tongue Flap for Reconstruction of the Base of the Tongue
    Takaaki Noguchi, Toru Sekitani, Keiko Kanesada, Takaaki Matsuo, Yoshih ...
    1985 Volume 78 Issue 2 Pages 189-195
    Published: 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.78.189
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    The set-back tongue flap method (Schechter 1980) was used to reconstruct defects of the tongue base in two patients with carcinoma of the tongue base; one had primary carcinoma of the tongue base and the other an extension of a lesion originating in the palatal pillar and soft palate. The procedure is described, and the merits and demerits are discussed after a year of observation.
    The merits of this set-back tongue flap were:
    1) The operative field for this set-back tongue flap operation was relatively small.
    2) This flap was secured with a neurovascular pedicle.
    3) The operation could be completed in a one-stage procedure.
    4) Muscular atrophy of the flap was apparently so slight that adequate volume of the formed tongue was maintained.
    5) The whole procedure could be performed relatively easily in a short time.
    The demerits were:
    1) The surgical field was limited to the size of the tongue base.
    2) If tumor had invaded the hypoglossal nerve, this flap could not be used.
    In conclusion, the set-back tongue flap method was useful for one-stage reconstruction after removal of a “localized” carcinoma of the tongue base.
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  • A Case of Laryngeal Rhabdomyosarcoma
    Hisayoshi Miyamoto, Yozo Orita, Chikao Inagaki
    1985 Volume 78 Issue 2 Pages 197-202
    Published: 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.78.197
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    A case of rhabdomyosarcoma in the larynx, which is rather rare, is reported.
    A 6-year-old boy complained of dyspnea and stridor. A cervical x-ray film showed a tumorous shadow in the posterior region of the larynx and marked airway narrowing. Tracheostomy was performed first and then extirpation of the tumor through a right cervical approach.
    The pathological diagnosis was rhabdomyosarcoma, alveolar type, and the clinical stage (IRS) was grade III.
    Radio-chemotherapy (VAC) was administrated after surgery. No tumor growth or metastasis have been noted during the 6 months since surgery.
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  • Three Cases of Hemangioma with Phlebolithiasis of the Head and Neck
    Yasuo Mizuta, Terunao Ohtsuki, Masaki Yoshimatsu, Norio Yasuda, Wataru ...
    1985 Volume 78 Issue 2 Pages 203-210
    Published: 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.78.203
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    Hemangioma with phlebolithiasis in head and neck region is relatively rare.
    We have treated three cases of hemangioma with phlebolithiasis during the past 12 years.
    All three patients were female adolescence. Two had hemangiomatous swelling on the cheek, and the other on the submandibular area. In all three patients, many calcifications were detected at the swelling areas on roentogenography and surgical removal of the hemangiomatous tissues revealed hemangioma with multiple phleboliths.
    Postoperative histological diagnoses were cavernous hemangioma, hemangioma of submandibular gland.
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  • Clinicopathological Review of 36 Parotid Tumors
    Kohji Asakura, Kenji Morimoto, Shigeo Sanbe, Noboru Yamanaka, Hidemits ...
    1985 Volume 78 Issue 2 Pages 211-219
    Published: 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.78.211
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    Thirty-Six cases of parotid tumor were treated in our clinic during the past seven years, 26 benign and 10 malignant. Of the benign tumors, 61% were pleomorphic adenoma, and 87% of the pleomorphic adenomas were in female patients.
    Of the malignant tumors, adeno-cystic carcinoma occurred predominantly in females and adenocarcinoma in older male patients. Symptoms, X-ray& CT findings, surgical procedures and end results are also presented.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    1985 Volume 78 Issue 2 Pages 221-224
    Published: 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.78.221
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    1985 Volume 78 Issue 2 Pages 221a
    Published: 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.78.221a
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    1985 Volume 78 Issue 2 Pages 224-229
    Published: 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.78.224
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    1985 Volume 78 Issue 2 Pages 230-231
    Published: 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.78.230
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    1985 Volume 78 Issue 2 Pages 231-233
    Published: 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.78.231
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    1985 Volume 78 Issue 2 Pages 233-235
    Published: 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.78.233
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    1985 Volume 78 Issue 2 Pages 235-236
    Published: 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.78.235
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    1985 Volume 78 Issue 2 Pages 236-240
    Published: 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.78.236
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    1985 Volume 78 Issue 2 Pages 240-241
    Published: 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.78.240
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    1985 Volume 78 Issue 2 Pages 241
    Published: 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.78.241
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  • Experimental Study of the Physical Properties of the Cupula
    Effect of Cupula Sectioning on the Ampullary Nerve Action Potential
    Mamoru Suzuki, Yasuo Harada, Akinori Kishimoto
    1985 Volume 78 Issue 2 Pages 243-248
    Published: 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.78.243
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    A bullfrog's posterior semicircular canal (p. s. c.) was isolated, and the ampullary wall was cut and the cupula removed with glass micropipettes. The cupula was replaced on the crista, and the p. s. c. ampullary action potential was recorded. The cupula was again removed and cut in half either in the plane vertical to the crista (vertical sectioning) or in the plane parallel to the crista (horizontal sectioning). Then, the sectioned half of the cupula was replaced on the crista. The action potentials after replacement of vertical or horizontal half were compared with those when the entire Cupula was replaced. After vertical sectioning, the action potentials were markedly reduced to 50.3% of the replaced entire cupula for weak stimuli, and 79.1% for strong stimuli. Reduction of the attachment surface between the cupula base and the crista may be responsible for the decreased action potential after vertical sectioning. After horizontal sectioning, the action potentials were 64.5% for weak stimuli and 108.2% for strong stimuli. These results indicate that the responses are related to the cupula height and the deflection angle. This further suggests that the movement of the cupula can be represented by that of an elastic system.
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  • Differences in Vulnerability of the Orbicularis Oculi and Oris Muscles in Intratemporal Facial Nerve Paralysis; Clinical and Experimental Studies
    Jyu Nin
    1985 Volume 78 Issue 2 Pages 249-268
    Published: 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.78.249
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    A total of 30 patients with intratemporal facial palsies of fresh onset, 20 with Bell's palsy and 10 with Ramsay Hunt's syndrome were the subjects of the present investigation. From the orbicularis oculi and the oris muscles of both the healthy and diseased side, the evoked electromyograms and the electro-myograms using surface electrodes, and the strength-duration curves. Comparative analysis of the data obtained from these examinations revealed no difference in these two muscles of the healthy side. On the diseased side, however the following results suggested a more pronounced vulnerability of the nerve branch innervating the orbicularis oculi muscle. 1) The average amplitude of the electromyogram and the amplitude of evoked electromyogram were significantly smaller in the orbicularis oculi muscle than in the oris muscle. 2) A more marked decline in the averaged amplitude of the electro-myogram of the orbicularis oculi muscle was noted in subjects with denervation confirmed by the strength-duration curve. 3) The same phenomenon was also apparent in the subjects whose facial paralysis score was low. 4) Supportive evidence indicated that the recovery of the orbicularis oculi muscle was retarded in comparison to that of the oris muscle. The clinical findings prompted the following animal study.
    Using guinea pigs, a transient palsy of the infrastapedial lesion of the facial nerve was made by clamping the nerve for 5 secs. Electromyographic responses of both the orbicularis oculi and oris muscles evoked by direct electrical stimulation at the suprastapedial portion were recorded simultaneously.
    The clamping was tenformed by using a microsurgical needle holder of which compression force was 1.6kgw/mm. Duration of the conduction block in the two muscles was measured using the supramaximal threshold of the responses of both muscles. In 13 animals a longer conduction block was noted in the orbicularis oculi muscle than in the orbicularis oris muscle. In 2 animals conduction block disappeared simultaneously in the two muscles and no palsy of both muscles was observed in 1 animal. This experimental study supported the result of the clinical investigation that the intratemporal facial nerve fibers innervating the orbicularis oculi muscle is more vulnerable than the orbicularis oris muscle branch.
    In microscopic study, revealed that the average diameter of the nerve fibers innervating the orbicularis oculi muscle is significantly larger than that of the nerve fibers innervating the oris oculi muscle. This observation suggests the fragility of the nerve fibers innervating the orbicularis oculi muscle.
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  • Quantitative Analysis of Sialic Acid and L-fucose in Patients with Chronic Sinusitis or Nasal Allergy
    Kazuaki Ogawa, Kazunori Itoh, Akihiro Uchizono, Hirofumi Matsuyama, Ma ...
    1985 Volume 78 Issue 2 Pages 269-276
    Published: 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.78.269
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    Quantitative analysis of sialic acid and L-fucose in the serum, tissue extract and nasal secretion of patients with chronic sinusitis or nasal allergy was performed to clarify the pathogenesis of these diseases. Sialic acid was measured by the barbituric acid method of Aminoff and L-fucose by the cysteine sulfate method of Winzler.
    1) There was no significant difference in serum sialic acid concentration among normal volunteers (n=15), patients with nasal allergy (n=21) and those with chronic sinusitis (n=11). The concentration of serum fucose was significantly higher in patients with nasal allergy (20.7±8.4mg/dl) or chronic sinusitis (38.1±20.6mg/dl) than in the normal volunteers (9.8±4.8mg/dl). Moreover, there was a significant correlation between the serum fucose level and the X-ray findings of the sinuses or rhinoscopic finding of nasal polyps in the patients with chronic sinusitis.
    2) The concentration of sialic acid was higher in the maxillary mucosa of patients with chronic sinusitis (0.99±0.29mg/ml, n=9) and nasal polyp (0.99±0.74mg/ml, n=9) than in the inferior turbinates of those with nasal allergy (0.38±0.22mg/ml, n=4). In contrast, the concentration of fucose was higher in the inferior turbinates of patients with nasal allergy (1.41±0.43mg/ml, n=4) than in those with maxillary mucosa of chronic sinusitis (0.69±0.34mg/ml, n=9) or nasal polyp (0.48±0.14mg/ml, n=7).
    3) Concentrations of both sialic acid and fucose were significantly higher in nasal secretions (1.51±0.66mg/ml, n=26, 1.41±0.61mg/ml, n=20) and retention fluid in the maxillary antrum (0.99±0.29mg/ml, n=9, 0.54±0.28mg/ml, n=4) of patients with chronic sinusitis than in those with nasal secretions due to nasal allergy (0.42±0.33mg/ml, n=11, 0.24±0.12mg/ml, n=11).
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  • Clinical Effect of Cerocral® (Tab., 20mg) on Patients with Peripheral Vestibular Vertigo
    Shigeaki Shirabe
    1985 Volume 78 Issue 2 Pages 277-282
    Published: 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.78.277
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    It is common knowledge that complaints of vertigo can be based on various origins and regional disorders, such as central and peripheral vestibular disorders, cervical diseases, psychogenic origins and the like.
    In the present study, the effect of Cerocral (ifenprodil tartrate), an agent that improves cerebral circulation and metabolism, was evaluated in 26 patients, including old and recurrent cases, of vestibular vertigo:
    15 cases of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, 7 cases of Meniere's disease, 2 cases of chronic otitis, 1 case of vestibular neuronitis and 1 case of sudden deafness. The period of administration was 2 to 4 weeks.
    Subjective symptoms improved in 77% of the patients, objective findings in 65%. The overall rate of in proverment was 81%.
    There was no difference between Meniere's disease and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in the therapeutic efficacy of this drug.
    During the study, no aggravation of symptons or side effects were observed.
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  • Clinical Efficacy of Lenampicillin (KBT-1585) in Suppurative Otitis Media
    Kiyoshi Yonei, Fumihiko Ohta, Yasuo Kitano, Chikara Nishimoto
    1985 Volume 78 Issue 2 Pages 283-290
    Published: 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.78.283
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    The clinical efficacy of KBT-1585, a new oral ampicillin ester, was investigated using a total of 20 patients with suppurative otitis: acute otitis media (2 cases) and chronic otitis media with exacerbation (18 cases).
    The results showed that KBT-1585 was highly effective against chronic otitis media with exacerbation with respect to clinical and bacteriological efficacy.
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  • Basic and Clinical Evaluation of Cefuroxime (CXM) for Otorhinolaryngological Infections
    Rinya Sugita, Shozo Kawamura, Yutaka Fujimaki
    1985 Volume 78 Issue 2 Pages 291-297
    Published: 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.78.291
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    1. The sensitivity to CXM of bacteria cultured from otorhinolaryngological infections was examined. The MICs of CXM were ≤0.05μg/ml for (S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes, and 0.39-0.78μg/ml for) H. influenzae.
    2. Tissue concentrations of CXM were also examined. In the palatine tonsils the concentration of CXM after iv doses of 750mg and 1.5g were 12.52-46.88μg/g at 15 minutes, 17.2μg/g at 60 minutes and 17.98μg/g at 120 minutes. In the maxillary sinus mucosa the concentration of CXM after an iv dose of 1.5g was 22.74μg/g at 60 minutes and 14.08μg/g at 180 minutes.
    3. Fifty-one patients with otorhinolaryngological infections were treated with CXM, 1.5g-3.0g daily by bolus iv injection or iv drip infusion in two divided doses. Clinical improvement was noted in 90% (23/24) in tonsillitis, 100% (6/6) in peritonsillar abscess, and 100% (9/9) in pharyngitis. The overall efficacy was 94% (48/51).
    4. Bacteriological eradication was noted in 90% (18/20) for S. pyogenes, 100% (5/5) for S. pneumoniae and 100% (5/5) for H. influenzae.
    5. No side effects or abnormal laboratory findings were found with the administration of CXM.
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