Der Verfasser untersuchte über dieses Problem, und lasst sich das Ergebnis wie folgt zusammenfassen:
1) Das Spontan-Nystagmus nach einseitiger Labyrinthexstirpation wird durch Reizung des intakten Labyrinthes beschleunigt, und auch durch Reizung des Akusticusschnittes abgeschwacht und durch Ausschaltung des intakten Labyrinthes unterbrochen.
2) Wenn sich dieses Nystagmus spontan rückgebildet hat, tritt gereizter Seite richtendes Nystagmus durch Reizung des intakten Labyri nthes nach hypertonischer Kochsalzlösung-injektion auf.
3) Beim gesunden Tiere tritt durch Reizung des einseitigen Labyrinthes ein Nystagmus auf, welches nach gereizter Seite hin gerichtet ist.
4) Aus das experimentellen Resultat geht es deutlich hervor, dass das Spontan-Nystagmus nach einseitiger Labyrinthexstirpation durch die Tatigkeit des intakten Labyrinthes hervorgerufen wird.
5) Das intakte Labyrinth steigert seine Erregbarkeit wahrend der Dauer dieses Spontan-Nystagmus, da Beide in inniger Bezichung steht.
6) Nach der Rückbildung des Spontan-Nystagmus ist das intakte Labyrinth untererregbar und auch selbst bei der Reizung nach hypertonischer Kochsalzlösuug-injektion.
7) Der auf dem Spontan-Nystagmus hemmende Einfluss der Akusticusschnittesreizung ist viel starker im letzten Stadium, als beim Anfangsstadium der Nystagmusdauer.
8) Daraus kann man fest behaupten, dass das spontane Nystagmus nach einseitiger Labyrinthexstirpation infolge der Steigerung der Erregbarkeit von vestibularen Zentren der operierten Seite verschwinde.

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The author studied the dynamics of the isometric and isotonic contractions of the eye-muscles at the vestibular nystagmus, and the following results have been obtained from his experiments.
1) At the isotonic contraction of M. rect. ext. and int., the contraction-height was when the load of 15 to 2.8 grams weight was applied. Such a load is named the “Optimal load”.
2) When more than the optimal load is applied, the contraction-height diminished almost linearly according to the increase of the load, but, to give it in detail, this linear course changed its direction at a certain point which corresponded to a load of 6.8 to 13.8 grams. The quick component however sometimes could not contract over this load.
3) The maximal limit of the load, under which the muscle can no longer contract, differs individually in some degree.
4) The isometric contractility of the eye-muscle at the vestibular nystagmus is nearly propotional to its extended length, e. g. the skeletal or the heart muscle.
5) The theoretical value of the mechanical work of the eye-muscle with the optimal load was 596.585 to 35.878 ergs and that of the slow component is always greater than that of the quick one. The retio of these two is 3.3:1.
6) At the vestibular nystagmus, the contraction of ey-muscle is not affected by their antagonists positively nor negatively.
7) The author measured the resistance againt the contraction of an eye-muscle, made by the mass and the friçtion of the eye-ball and the resistance of M. retrahens and N. opticus, and obtained the value of ca. 1.6 grams weight.
8) Erom this value, the real work of an eye-muscle at the nystagmus can be calculated, and it was 308.90 ergs for maximum, 10.97 for minimum. The ratio of the real work of the slow component to that of the quick component was 3:1.
9) The ratio of the theoretical work with the optimal load to the real work was 2:1.
10) The maximal limit of the load of the eye-muscle was measured at the nystagmus, which was caused by an exstirpation of a caloric stimulation stimlas of one labyrinth and the following results were obtained:
a) At the one side exstirpation of the labyrinth those values of the operated side are greater than those of the non-operated. And at the warm stimulation the value of the affected side is smaller than that of the not affected side, but at the cold stimulation this relation is inverse.
b) The value of the slow component is always greater than that of the quick one at any kind of vestibular nystagmus.
c) The value of the one side exstirpation of labyrinth is less than that of the cold stimulation, but greater than that of the warm stimulation.

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When a rabbit, which is in a condition of eye-nystagmus its one Labyrinth being broken, is put under Chloroform and is kept in medium stupor, the quick components disappear and the eye-ball deviates to the direction of a slow contractor and stops.
The author cuts off four muscles from the eye-ball but leaves M. rect. int, and ext. and put a poise on a string other end of which is joined with an end of the muscle that caused the leviation of the eye-ball.
Thus the weight, which was used to pull back the eye-ball on its right position, is the tones of deviation. Then as the rabbit awoke and nystagmus reappeared the author measured M. rect. int. and M. rect. ext. of their limiting loads, i. e. the maximal weight which these nuscles are able to lift up under the contraction of eye-nystagnus. And by comparing these numerical values with the statical tones of eye-muscles on their right position, it can be stated as follows:—
1) The tones of deviation of eye in case of its one labyrinth being broken is bigger than the statical tones of its muscle and smaller than the limiting load, i. e.:—
Statical Tonus…P.
Tonus of deviation…P.+X.
Limiting load…P.+X.+Y.
2)The deviation of eye in case of its nystagmus does not caused through slow components as it was hitherto called. It is the preceeding phenomenon to the rhythmical movement of eye-hall. And moreover it appears consistently during the activity of eye-nystagmus. So the author thinks that it is appropriate to look at it as an independent phenomenon of vestibular eye reflex.

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The author observed, by measuring the limiting load of eye muscle in case of Nystagmus which he formerly reported, the influence of vestibular tonic reflex of eye on Nystagmus caused by breaking of a labyrinth of one side and he obtained the following facts:
1) The limiting load, of an eye muscle in case of Nystagmus caused by breaking of one labyrinth being broken, shos a definite increase as well as decrease by changing the position of its head in space and a limiting load of an eye muscle, which Tonus increases reflectively and tonically always, increases; in this case that of the antagonist decreases.
a) When the head is posed vertically upward at 90° both the positive index of M. obliq. sup. and negative index of M. obliq. inf. are the greatest; other four muscles show a slight negative index.
b) When the head is posed downward vertically at 90° M. obliq. inf. shows the greatest positive index and M. obliq. sup. the greatest negative index, and the rest four muscles show a slight negative index.
c) When the head is posed to one side at 90°, the labyrinth of its upper side being broken, all eye muscles decrease remarkably their limiting load, especially M. rect. sup. and inf. show their negätive index decreased.
d) When the head is posed to one side at 90°, the labyrynth of its under side being broken all eye muscles show remarkable increase of their limiting loads, especially M. rect. sup. shows the greatest positive index.
2) It is generally believed that the vestibular tonic reflex of eye does not exists in M. rect. int, and ext. but in his experiments the auther recognised that these muscles also feel a slight influence on each pose of head above mentioned.
3) To sum up the influence of vestibular tonic reflex of eye on the above mentioned spontaneous eye-nystagmus, that influence appears quite clearly without any concern to the adequate position of aflow of the Endolymph.

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The author's results by his examination of serial slides from 93 palatine tonsils of the fetus (from the second to the tenth embryonal month) as follow:
1) The paratine tonsil has its Orizin in the second embryonal month already, and its development completes at the end of the third embryonal month.
2) The follicle appears at the end of the third month.
3) In the adenoid tissue of the palatine tonsils in the 3rd and 4th embryonal month, the lymphoblast and reticulo-endothelial cells are found. The follicle is made up of lymphoblasts chiefly and a few reticulo-endothelial cells.
The extra-follicular parenchym consists of a large number of reticulo-endothelial cells and a proper number of Lymphoblasts. In the fifth embryonal month the little lymphocyt appears in the adenoid tissue.
4) Till the nineth embryonal month, the flow of the Lymph and the wandering-out of the lymphocyt on the surface or in the lacuna of the palatine tonsils of the fetus are not yet seen, but in the 10th embryonal month these are found.
From the facts above noted the author concludes that the palatine tonsills have to begin their function in the 10th embryonal month.

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The author reports the following results of his histological research on the stroma of the palatine tonsils of the fetus.
1) The lattice-fibres of the fetal palatine tonsils, which are able to strain black at the beginning of the 3rd embryonal month, are arranged uniformly as a net-work in the parenchym tissues, and divide the parenchym tissues into many sections containing one or several cells.
2) Very few or sometimes none of the lattice-fibre are seen in the folliculs after the end of 3rd embryonal month.
3) In palatine tonsils there are a few lattice-fibre under the mucosus layer, but none of them are seen in the place where corresponds to the tonsilar capsuls.
4) The elastic fibres appear in the submucous tissues, and in the parenchym adjacent to the submucous tissues in the 3rd embryonal month. In the 4th embryonal month they appear in the tonsillar capsuls and in the parenchym adjacent to them. They make uniformly a net-work in the parenchym in the 6th embryonal month. In the folliculs, however, only a few or none of elastic fibres are seen.
5) The collagen fibres appear in the tonsillar capsuls and the submucous tissues in the 3rd embryonal month. A few of them are seen as fine lines or loose net-works in the parenchym of the tonsillar capsuls in the 3rd and 4th embryonal month. After 6th embryonal month they proliferate in the parenchym, but in the folliculs only few of them are seen.

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1. In den meisten Fallen beohachtete ich keine Besonderheiten im Verlaufe nach der Operation; und entzundliche Symptome, sowohl subjectiv wie auch objectiv, verschwanden schon nach einigen Tagen. Die Heilung bei schwerer Tonsillitis wurde in karzerer Zeit erziehlt als nur durch medikainentöse Behandlung.
Auch bei der Peritonsillitis werden die Entzündungsprodukte vollig ausgeschieden, wodurch die Schadigungen auf den Orgauismus grösstenteils beschrankt werden konnten; zudem ist die Technik der Tonsillektomie viel leichter im Vergleich mit der nachherigen Exstirpation des Narbengewebes.
2. Die Exstirpation des entzundlichen, weichen Tosillargewebes wird natürlich von verhaltnissmässig heftigen Schmerzen und reichlicherer Blutung begleitet als bei chronischer Hypertrophie der Mandeln. Zudem ist der Eingriff wesentlich schwieriger; ist doch immer in dem Masse auszufuhren dass die entzundeten Mandeln total exstirpiert werden.
3. Nach meinen Erfahrungen sind Reizungen und Verletzungen durch die Operation weniger schädlich für den Organismus als durch die Entzundungsprodukte des Gewebes.
4. Die fruhzeitige Unterbrechung des Entzundungsprozesse im Tonsillargewebe verringert die toxische Wirkung auf den Organismus einerseits, und auch die Gefahr der Komplicationen andererseits.
5. Naturlich möchte ich nicht in allen Fällen acuter Tonsillitis die Exstirpation des erkrankten Gewebes empfehlen. Es ist wohl unnötig zu betonen, dass die Operation immer nur unter Berucksichtigung der verschiedenen Umstände ausgefuhrt werden darf.

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The author has presented in this Journal, previously, the results of the studies on the influences of elimination by all or separately, of ampullae of membraneous semicircular canal upon statical and dynamical equilibriums of animals. The studies were continued and the results of the studies on the subjects, how the same operations would affect after turning nystagmus and how the change of these effects would run during a course of time, are presented in this paper.
I Afterturning nystagmus of animals, whose ampullae of membraneous semicircular canal of one side had been eliminated by all or separately, were less in number and shorter in duration than those of animals found in normal conditions.
II. The state of after turnig nystagmus of animals wh se ampullae of membraneous semicircular canal were eliminated separately had, in a week after the operation, close resemblances with that of animals whose ampullae of one side were eliminated by all 3 days before the observation.
III. In animals whose ampullae of membraneous semicircular canal of one side are eliminated by all or separately, in a week after the operation, when their horizontal semicircular canal was set on an adequate position of excitation, the after turning nystagmus which turned to the operated side were one half or one third in number of those which turned to the normal side.
The difference of the number of the after turnig nystagmus on both sides was largest in animals whose all ampullae or ampulla of horizontal semicircular canal were eliminated, that of the animals whose ampulla of anterior vertical canal was eliminated came to the next and that of the animals whose ampulla of posterior vertical canal was eliminated came to the last.
IV. When horizontal semicircular canal was set on an adequate position of excitation, in animals whose ampullae of membraneous semicircular canal were eliminated by all or separately, the differrence in number of after turning nystagmus on both sides had decreased gradually in a course of time after one week of the operation.
V. The difference of the number of after turning nystagmus of both sides of the operated animals decreased in the following order. In a month after the operation, the recovery of animals whose ampulla of posterior vertical canal of one side was eliminated came first, that of animals whose ampulla of anterior vertical canal was eliminated, the next and that of animals whose ampulla of horizontal canal or all ampullae of semicircular canal were eliminated came to the last.
To describe in detail:
A. In animals whose ampulla of horizontal canal or all ampullae of semicircular canal of both sides were eliminated, after turning nystagmus had not been observed, on various head positions, in a month after the operation.
B. In animals whose ampullae of membraneous anterior canal of both sides were eliminated, the horizontal after turning nystagmus had been observed in a month after the operation only when horizontal semicircular canal was in an adequate position of excitation.
C. In animals whose ampulla of membraneous posterior canal of both sides was eliminated, the horizontal after turning nystagmus had been observed in two weeks after the operation on an adequate position of excitation of horizontal semicircular canal. In a month after the operation, the nystagmus increased in number, was elongated in duration and the velocity of it was almost equal to that of normal animals.
VI. In animals whose ampulla of semicircular canal of one side or both sides were eliminated, the recovery similar to those above mentioned had been observed to certain extent but, in comparision with that of normal animals, the recovery was incomplete.

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Die dauernde Reizung durch die Verschiedenen Riechstoffe wurde auf die Geruchsorgane der Frosche appliziert und die davon Verursachten pathologischen Veränderungen erforscht.
Als die I. Mitteilung berichtete Verfasser über die Untersuchungsergebnisse an der Nase des Frosches. welche durch Kreosot, künstlichen Moschus und Bergamottöl hervorgerufen wurden. Hier in der II. Mitteilung wurden die rein olfactiven Riechstoffe nach Zwaardemaker d. h. Geraniol, Borneol, Pyridin, Valeriansäure, Heriotropin, Scatol und Kapronsaure henutzt.
1) In allen Fallen, wo übermässige Riechreizungen dauernd appliziert wurden, zeigen sich hauptsächlich die degenerativen Veränderungen der Riechzellen an allen Stellen der Riechschleimhaut (bes. in Eminentia olfactoria, Plica obliqua, und dem Gebiete zwischen Eminentia olfactoria und der lateralen Seite des Cav. prinl.)
2) Mann kann diejenige Hypothese nicht bestätigen, die früher von einigen Autoren angestellt wurden, dass die einzellnen Riechzellarten immer nur an einer bestimmten Stelle der Riechschleimhaut beim Frosche localisiert sind. Es lässt sich jedoch also Vermuten, dass die Riechzellen auf einen Riechstoff im verschiedener Grade reagiert werden konnen, in anderen Worte je eine spezifische Energie-auf jeden Riechstoff gewährleisten werden.
3) Durch die übermassigen Riechreizungen werden die degenerativen Veränderungen des N. olfactorius hervorgebracht. Diese pathologisehen Veränderungen des N. olfactorius treten im peripheren Teil starker-auf als im zentralen, bei lang dauernden Reizungen aber kann man noch auch die zentripetalen Veränderungen zu den Riechzentren (Bulbus olfactorius uud Zobus olfactorius) im leichten Grade nachweisen.

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Die ca. 40mal erzeugten calorisehen und Drehnach-Nystagmus haben die Verfasser bei mehreren Tieren mit zwei Methoden genau beobachtet; nämlich einer von Verfasser hat die Bewegungen der einzelnen Augenmuskeln durch besonderen Apparat graphisch dargestellt, während die anderen die Zeitdauer und Schlagzahl mittels Stoppuhr aufgezählt.
Das Resultat lässt sick wie folgt zusammenfassen.
Die Zeitdauer und Schlagzahl des Nystagmus, die durch die letztere Methode hergestellt sired, begleiten auf alle Fälle im Vergleich mit der ersteren Methode registrierten Kurve Fehler.
Die Verfasser behaupteu daher, dass das Ergebniss des durch die letztere Methode ausgeführten Experimentes wenigeren Wert hat als das durch die erstere.

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The author have devised an apparatus for tracing the reflex movement of eyeball. The principle of the method is as follows:—
A small reflecting mirror is attached to a round plate which turns up and down on its axis; from one side of this plate a very thin piece of wire is extended, which is placed on the concave surface of the cornea of an eye. Then the slight movement of an eye gives movement to the wire, and then the wire transmit it to the reflecting mirror on the round plate. This mirror reflects the image of luminous source on the way which appears it on the other side, and the movement of which is pictured on a revolving film in a straight line. The following is the superiority which we allow our method:—
1) In observing eyeballs any surgical operation are not needed and the resistance to hinder the eyemovement is very slight.
2) This method can be used not only for animal demonstration but also for man in clinic.
3) Horizontal, perpendicular or oblique eye-movement can be easily pictured by this method.
4) This method can be carried on more simply and plainly than another method.
5) Eye-movement can be made enlargedly or contractedly
6) There is no trouble of making mistakes in picturing between the spring of the long lever and the eye-movement in the case of the method of the kymography.
7) We can picture rapid or slow element of the nystagmus more plainly by this method.

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Der Patient ist 18 jahriger Jungling. Dieser Tumor in der Nase war so gross und ausgedehnt, dass er die ganze Nasenhohle erfullt und zwar auf dem Nasenrücken vorwölbt. Darum irgendeine blutige Operation unmöglich. Allgemeine Befinden war stark gestort. Ich behandelte ihm mit Röntgentiefentherapie und Radiumbestrahlung. Nach diesen Behandlung kam wunderbare gute Erfolge und er war gerettet.
Ich möchte aus klinischem Verlauf behaupten, dass diese Heilung hauptsächlich auf die Röntgentiefentherapie beruht.

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