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Volume 57 (1993 - 199･･･
- Issue 5 Pages 1-
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Displaying 51-68 of 68 articles from this issue
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Nobuhiko TANAKA, Katsue YASUHARA, Hirokazu OKU, Takahide KAGAWA1993 Volume 57 Issue 5 Pages 301-306
Published: March 31, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study is to clarify:(1) changes in poople's scenic perception, (2) changes of people's scenic evaluation and (3) the relationship between the two. This was done by showing viewers scenic landscape photographs which were taken from the same place but the composition of them change horizontally gradually. First, 47 scenic photographs for questionnaire were processed from panoramic film (more than 360°) taken at Ushiku Nature Sanctuary in Ibaraki Prefecture using a rotatory camera (SOLECTA PANOSCOPE 35). Then, two kinds of questionnaires were performed. The answers are analysed applying an average linkage cluster analysis and a method of paired comparizon. As a result, it was found that the way of scenic perception has three stages. It was also found that changes of evaluation fluctuated more or less relating to the composition of primary scenic objects. And finally, it was suggested that there is a close relationship between the segments of perception and the fluctuation of evaluations.View full abstractDownload PDF (5271K) -
Shoichiro ASAKAWA, Daisuke WATANABE, Kenichi SHUTOU1993 Volume 57 Issue 5 Pages 307-312
Published: March 31, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study aims to examine seasonal change impression variation of an urban green space and the relationships between the overall impressions and those of some spaces which are in the green space. Using the semantic differential method, the impressions of users in two seasons and those of some slides which had been taken in four seasons were surveyed. The factor analysis showed the basic factors in the impressions.
Although there was little seasonal difference in the impressions of users, there were some differences in the slide test on some scales which show evaluation and oderliness. The regression analysis showed that about 20 to 80 percent of the variance of overall impressions were predictable by means of the parts space impressions. The difference in the percentage is due to the difference of the impression scales and seasons. It was clearthat some places were more influential than other places. It is supposed that some users overall impressions, especially preference, are effected by the places where they stay longer. In the preference scale in the case of the user survey, the mean rating of the overall impressions were higher than any other part space. It may be that the overall impressions are formed not only by the part impressions but also by other factors such as user satisfaction of the total experience of the green space (e.g., the influence of sequential experience). Further studies ought to make clearer the reasons for the low predictabili-ty of some impression scales.View full abstractDownload PDF (3150K) -
Akihiro KOBAYASHI, Tetsuya AIKOH1993 Volume 57 Issue 5 Pages 313-318
Published: March 31, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is necessary to set standards for acceptable recreational impact levels for the assessment of National Park. The purposes of the present paper were to determine how much and what kind of recreational impact were acceptable for recreational settings and to clarify some variation of norms in different situations. Mountaineers in Daisetsuzan National Park were chosen for these purposes.
This analysis was based on the data from a questionnaire administered to mountaineers by mail-back survey. We asked the respondents to report “How much impact is tolerable before your experience becomes unpleasant?”. An “It doesn't matter to me” category was included for users unable to name a specific personal norm. The questions included four types of impact measurement: encounter level per day, encounter level at campsites, instance of discourteous manner per day and instance of discourteous manner at campsites and hats.
As a result, findings showed greater variation of norms and an increase in the percentage of “no respon se” to the higher density situation. The tolerance norms for “discourteous manner” were characterized by a few respondents tolerating a little impact. There was little variation between norms for “discourteous manner” in different situations. The tolerance norms for “encounter” were higher than those for “discourteous manner” and higher in the areas with higher use and more development. Response frequencies for each impact question were graphed, aggregating personal norms into a curve showing the full range of agreement levels.
In conclusion, the differences between norms in different situations support the usefulness of normative approach. It is noted that the usefulness of normative approach lies in their ability to characterize agreement about acceptable impact levels for particular recreation settings.View full abstractDownload PDF (3162K) -
Tetsuya AIKOH, Shoichiro ASAKAWA, Akihiro KOBAYASHI1993 Volume 57 Issue 5 Pages 319-324
Published: March 31, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEstablishing carrying capacity requires investigation of the characteristics of visitors' crowding perception, various factors such as for examples, perceived number of other visitors, visitors' experiences, their expectation of density and significance of crowding.
This study examined the relationships of actual use levels, perceived use levels, desirable use levels and visitors' crowding perception at campsites in Daisetsuzan National Park. We examined the differences between desirable use levels and acceptable use levels. For these purposes, visitors' perceptions and views of use level were acquired by the questionnaire survey.
The subjects perceived lower use levels than actual use levels at high use levels. The results indicated that desirable use levels were stable to actual use levels. Therefore, it is apparent that an increase of actual use level increased the difference between actual or perceived use levels and desirable use levels. The increase of those difference increased crowding perception and decreased preference of density at campsites. Also it was revealed that desirable use levels were lower than acceptable use levels.View full abstractDownload PDF (902K) -
Toshinori SHIGEMATSU, Aya IRIKURA1993 Volume 57 Issue 5 Pages 325-330
Published: March 31, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn Britain, Public Footpath system of Right of way is the most important and popular means for informal outdoor recreation. This paper aimes to clarify the Britain's Public Footpath System of 140, 000km in total length and the management, in order to contribute to the development or improvement of the Japanese public footpath system.
The Right of Way was historically existent as a custom and used for long way traveling. However, by 1940, a spread of motorcar and a trouble between landowner and walker demanded the separate route system and the fixed law. Then the Right of Way was provided in the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949. The Act specify about the each duty of administrative organ, landowner and walker such as mapping, route facilities, growth removing, walker's manner, etc.
There are three route types of “Local paths”, “Regional routes” and National trails in the network of the Right of Way. The former two type are mainly local use and maintained by local government. National trails are planned by the Countryside Commission of central government organ, and directly managed or paid for the costs. Since Pennine Way in 1965 (402km), the 13 routes of 3151km in total length are accomplished in passing through the National Parks, Helitage Coasts, Outstanding Natural Beauty.View full abstractDownload PDF (3660K) -
Tatsuo SASAOKA, Zentaro HASHIMOTO, Katsuhiko SHOJI, Toshio TORII1993 Volume 57 Issue 5 Pages 331-336
Published: March 31, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSResort development is expected to be a locomotion of regional economic development, but on the other hand, it would cause environmental pollution. Resort facilities, mainly ski ground, have been highly concentrated in a very short time of period in Yuzawa City. Then, through the analysis of trank traffic facilities such as express way, shinkansen, etc, its influence onto construction of ski ground is clarified. And the problems in the development is looked into in detail, in order to find out merits on regional economy and demerits on environment there.View full abstractDownload PDF (866K) -
Takeshi KINOSHITA, Sadatoshi TABATA1993 Volume 57 Issue 5 Pages 337-342
Published: March 31, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe pourpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between the open space structure of “Mito” castle town of the Edo era and park and open space planning at the center part of Mito city. The result of this study is followings.
1) “Mito” castle town was constructed based on open space system ; water system, topography, etc…And the open space system regulated zoning and street pattern.
2) In the center part of Mito city, large-scale and systematic park and open space were established based on open space system of the castle town of the Edo era. Therefore, latently, there had been a open space system as a phisical base for modern park and open space.
3) Historic urban open space structure have been preserved by establishment of park and open space.View full abstractDownload PDF (2131K) -
Shigeto YANAI, Hiroyuki ARAI, Yorikazu MAROTA1993 Volume 57 Issue 5 Pages 343-348
Published: March 31, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this study, we researched on the problems for landscape planting with hedges in residential areas of Chiba City. It focused the existing conditions of hedges and the relation to the housing site, the size of housing site, the building-to-land ratio, the space along the street and so on. The results are as follows; On the existing conditions of site fence, There are 6 types of fence and 29.4% have hedge type. A lots of hedges are planted Euonymus japonicus, Ilex crenata and Juniperus chinensis. On the relation to housing site, we found some characteristics of distribution of hedge type. Based on these results on this study, it is necessary to establish the methology for landscape planting with hedges in residential areas.View full abstractDownload PDF (1133K) -
Toshio TORII, Zentaro HASHIMOTO, Tatsuo SASAOKA, Katsuhiko SHOJI1993 Volume 57 Issue 5 Pages 349-354
Published: March 31, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe thesis aims to clarify the correlation between urban greenery and residential lots. So that, the relationship between the area of residential lots and open spaces of lots, the area of lots and percentage of total open spaces of the urban areas, etc. are analized in Tokyo Metropolitan Area. It reaches the conclusion that the percentage of green covering area of residential area is significantly affected by the area of each lot especially in tha region of population density more than 100 capita per hectare.View full abstractDownload PDF (947K) -
Shuya MATSUBARA, Yorikazu MARUTA, Yoshimitsu OMI, Hiroyuki NAGATOMO, S ...1993 Volume 57 Issue 5 Pages 355-360
Published: March 31, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this study, we researched the consciousness of the owner of a big tree (Zelkova serrata Makino) and residents around the tree in the residential area of Hanahata at Adachi Ward in Tokyo, bisides hearing from the administration. The results are as follows;(1) The owner of the bigtree thinks of its conservation but he is worried about fallen leaves.(2) There is a difference of the consciousness between the owner and the administration in the management.(3) It is observed that the consciousness of residents around the tree is different by the distance from the tree. Especially, the nearer residents who live around the tree within 50m keep close relation and are deeply concerned with the tree.View full abstractDownload PDF (3162K) -
Noboru IWAO1993 Volume 57 Issue 5 Pages 361-366
Published: March 31, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo take the evaluation system for green space at facilities in urban living environment, we carried out two way of analysis. The first way is framing the flow map explained objectively, make use of the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). And we computed the importance of the evaluation items by the method of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The second way is an analysis of abstraction of the green, which are fond of inhabitants, using the Hayashi I quantification theory. As a result of these studies, the importance of the evaluation items are clarified as approximate quantity. So we computed the importance of evaluation of six green space in Kumamoto city, applied for the AHP, and certified the relation of the importance with the special feature of the green.View full abstractDownload PDF (1155K) -
Andi GUNAWAN, Hironobu YOSHIDA1993 Volume 57 Issue 5 Pages 367-372
Published: March 31, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBogor is one of municipalities in Indonesia which has Botanical Garden in the center of the city. Bogor is a city which has developed rapidly in the past decade. This research involved the residents in the city to obtain their ideas regarding the city's future development. The residents living in four communities (Taman Kencana, Bogor Baru, Indraprasta, and Bojongenyod) in North Bogor District were interviewed their perceptions of the city and were asked to identify the area they concern on the map. The main questions in the questionnaire concerned changing landscapes, area to be protected, area to be developed, and favorite and objectivable areas. For analysis, all of maps were overlaid for each community and the grid of 250×250 square meters was used to determine the percentage of preferences.
The study is concluded that most of residents in all of communities preferred Bogor Botanical Garden as the area which should be protected from any development and identified it as their favorite place. Most of the residents, except Bojongenyod, also preferred protecting Ciliwung riverside landscape. The residents in Bojongenyod in contrast desired the development for public facilities for recreation around their community.
From these results, some aspects of planning suggestions were pointed out as follows,
(1) The north-eastern part of Bogor should be fund amentally planned as a residential area, with improving public facilities.
(2) Green areas along Ciliwung river, including Bogor Botanical Garden, should be preserved as a Bogor Green Corridor.
(3) The south part of Bogor Botanical Garden, Pasar Bogor and its surrounding, should be improved as a shopping area to facilitate for citizens and tourists.View full abstractDownload PDF (1260K) -
Satoshi YAMAMOTO, Noboru MASUDA, Yasuhiko SHIMOMURA, Daishu ABE, Kenji ...1993 Volume 57 Issue 5 Pages 373-378
Published: March 31, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study aims, through the case study in Sakai city, to classify the agricultural lands in urban area according to their existing formation and to clarify the interrelationship between their existing formation and the ecological function evaluation of the agricultural lands as green areas based on the consciousness of residents through the questionnaire survey.
The results of this study are summarized as follows; 58 elementary-school districts are classified into 7 groups according to the existing formation of agricultural lands. Concerning the relationship between the existing formation of agricultural lands and their various effects, the ecological function to conserve nature of agricultural lands as the green areas is evaluated the highest one, and the ecological functions to conserve scenery and to control microclimate of the area follow next. The gathering area of paddy field is evaluated as the highest one in all the types of the existing formation of agricultural lands.View full abstractDownload PDF (1219K) -
Yasuhiko SHIMOMURA, Noboru MASUDA, Daishu ABE, Satoshi YAMAMOTO, Hirok ...1993 Volume 57 Issue 5 Pages 379-384
Published: March 31, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSJapan has rapidly shifted toward an aging society in recent years. But in relation to this, environmental and service facilities have been criticized as lagging. In this study, the views of elderly people in the main were compiled with regard to residential environment in the new town and the old town. By clarifying the degree of adequacy, the environmental adjustments and facilities needs to respond to the aging society were brought to high. Majore findings of this study are follows. In the new town, though the degree of environmental adequacy is high, elderly people desire safety roads and resorces of local history. Elderly people without a regular occupation require elderly health facilities and elderly people who live in the family type of single-generation demand area activities. In the old town, for elderly people who tend to be restricted to their immediate neighborhood, it is most important to increase the quality of environment.View full abstractDownload PDF (1152K) -
Hirokazu OKU, Akio SHIMOMURA, Youiti KUMAGAI1993 Volume 57 Issue 5 Pages 385-390
Published: March 31, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study tries to estimate towntrails which are regarded as a method to improve inhabitant's comprehension for regional environment. Towntrails are devided into 4 classes by analyzing their factors in each projects. And these classes can be considered as the phases oftowntrails's expansion. Next, a relation between the subject and regional environment is devided into 6 phases by applying 3 phased objectives which are used in general for environmental education. Comparing both phases of each towntrail, their present conditions and problems are cleared. And it can be suggested that the approach of phased objectives is available to estimate some projects with the interpretation of regional environment.View full abstractDownload PDF (1197K) -
Katsuhiko SHOJI, Zentaro HASIMOTO, Tatsuo SASAOKA, Toshio TORII1993 Volume 57 Issue 5 Pages 391-396
Published: March 31, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe forest areas which consists of 70% of the land are lately decreasing. In order to find out the measures to conserve the forest areas, the research is proceeded as follows; firstly, the phenomena of the decrease of forest areas is described, secondly, the difference of the rate of the forest areas protected by laws which stipulates the features of decrease of forest areas and is highly effective in terms of conservation, is analized quantitatively. In conclusion, the rate of the forest areas protected by laws is low in the hillside areas (altitude 200m-500m) where the forest areas are often decreasing remarkably, and appropriate conserving measures have to be taken. And it is lower than that of local government owned forest areas and private forest areas where the compensating measures have to be widened against the legislative restriction of land use.View full abstractDownload PDF (1001K) -
Katsumi MIYAMOTO1993 Volume 57 Issue 5 Pages 397-402
Published: March 31, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Green Zone System provided in Art. III of Special City Planning Law on Sept. 11. 1946, that was intended to restrain the magnification of a town by controling its conurbation, was applied for Tokyo, on the open space belt ring for air defence. The System was intended to constitute the green belt by restricting land use, giving priority to agriculture, recreation and public services, while general buildings were strictly regulated, with building coverage not totally more than 10%. Before long the area of green belt, however, was compelled to be reduced due to the increasing demand for building space and the landowner's requirement for the removal of the green belt. The Town Planning Committee of 1958 inevitably admitted the disappearance of areas of green belt in the districts where conurbation had advanced considerably, for example near railway stations or main streets, or those areas in which regulation of the building coverage of 10% had not been strictly observed. The Committee decided to abolish the green belt on conditions that preservation of wedge greens occured and that land readjustment, which demand the possession of the parks covering 20% of the districts, would be obliged. On the other hand, the Tokyo Capital Region Improvement Plan and the revision of the City Planning Law (1919) were considered and the Green Zone System was finally abolished in 1969. Some functions of the System were incorporated in the Urbanization Control Area of City Planning Law (1969).View full abstractDownload PDF (1314K) -
Kenta SHINOZAWA, Kazuhiko TAKEUCHI1993 Volume 57 Issue 5 Pages 403-408
Published: March 31, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: July 19, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDevelopment process of large-scale urban parks since the establishment of the Urban Park Law in 1956 is outlined in Greater Tokyo and Osaka, wherein greenbelt zoning was unsuccessfully applied. Urban parks with the area of 10ha or more are investigated regarding methodsof park construction, geomorpholic location and the contents of park development. For eachcategory, trends of park developments are studied.
Through this study, the following findings are obtained:
1) There are two types of park construction, park construction only for the park and that associated with the other development plan.
2) In both areas, the parks on hilly lands have been increasing and that on lowlands decreasing.
3) The conservational ways of park developments increase, particularly on hilly lands and the transforming way increased in riverside area.View full abstractDownload PDF (989K)