The temporally-pedestrianisation is one of a useful method to switch the vehicle-oriented road space to the pedestrian-oriented space in order to make a high-dense urbanized area walkable. So this paper investigates how the use of roadways by pedestrians is activated through a case study on Howdy Mall, which is one of main street located in the east side of Kashiwa Railway Station by using four types of data analysis; 1)tracing of mobile phone GPS, 2)observation by video, 3)LiDAR, and 4)questionnaire tests for pedestrians. As results, it clarifies the dynamism of change of pedestrians’ use of vehicle space after pedestrianisation, and the factors for pedestrians to choose the space for walking.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the decrease in travel demands increased the financial burden on the public transportation sector. It led to a decrease in the level of public transportation, such as reduced frequency and routes. This study clarifies the change in public transportation accessibility in commercial districts that support residents' daily service and investigates the relationship with changes in the floating population. First, we quantify the accessibility change regarding the cover area and travel time. It shows a more noticeable accessibility decrease in local cities than in large cities. Second, some areas do not show an accessibility decrease despite the reduced frequency because of the wise rearrangement of the timetable. Third, accessibility decrease is noticeable only in neighborhood commercial districts of large cities while it is noticeable in both central and neighborhood commercial districts in local cities.

The purpose of this study is to compare the number of searches for the national and local versions of the route search service using search history data from the national version of the "NAVITIME" route search service and the local version of the "BUSNET" route search service. In the analysis, a bivariate state-space model was applied to account for the correlation between the two kinds of data. The estimation results were then used to characterize each and compare the two kinds of data. The analysis revealed that although the average characteristics of the national and local editions were similar, the characteristics of the day of week and days with sudden fluctuations in the number of searches were different.

This study tested whether neighborhood greenways (NG) policy interventions can promote physical activity, such as walking and cycling, and also achieve traffic calming in the Portland, Oregon. Propensity score matching and IPW methods were used to estimate effects. The results showed that, regardless of the analysis method, the introduction of NG was effective in increasing "walking frequency" among physical activities. On the one hand, UGB residents who experienced a decrease in traffic showed effects related to traffic calming, but felt that the bicycling environment was unsafe. On the other hand, for residents living in areas where NG was implemented, the effect was shown in terms of perceived car speeds.

Ecotourism could be one of the means to enhance the sustainability of the Shiretoko region in Hokkaido. To achieve this, we need to maintain the number of tourists and provide them with a satisfying ecotourism experience. The purpose of this paper is to identify the latent demand for ecotourism in Shiretoko using the Latent Class Model and to examine factors that caused differences between segments. The result of the web survey allowed us to divide the respondents into two segments with different preferences. The main factors that created this difference were; visitation experience, age, and gender. In addition, approximately 60% of the respondents who expressed interest in traveling to Shiretoko were men in their 40s or older, indicating that attracting women and younger visitors is an important issue for sustainable tourism in the future.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics of districts where the decrease rate of residential households are high and the timing when these rates increase. Therefore, we categorized the districts of Himeji City using statistic data available to the local government. Moreover, we predicted the timing when residential households decrease in each district. As a result of these analysis, the districts in Himeji city are classified into 12 types and the pattens of decreasing residential households are classified into 4 types. In addition, the rate of decreasing residential households in commercial districts and industrial districts tend to be different from the rate in residential districts. Furthermore, the rate of decreasing residential households tend to be relatively slow in districts where vacant houses are likely to be redistributed into the market.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the implementation process to the application of the reverse area division and its problems to form a compact city in Maizuru City, Kyoto Pref.<br />The city selected the candidate sites of the reverse area division by the original criteria about the area classification, such as the current land use, the population change rate, etc. Administration achieved consensus building by carefully and many time on the effects of reverse area division. Moreover, the down zoning and the Location Normalization Plan were set to complement the effects of Reverse Area Division. The operation of comprehensive city planning systems contribute to form a compact city.

This study aims to clarify the possibility of cooperation between Location Normalization Plan (LNP) and Land use regulation by analyzing spatial relations between Zoning and Inducing area of LNP, and changes in Zoning after the formulation of LNP. As a result, we revealed that 18.5 percent of Urban functions-inducing areas (UIA) included unsuitable zones for Urban functions inducement, and that cities with a limited UIA set around a commercial zone. Moreover, cities that changed zoning after the formulation of LNP were only 11.8 percent of all, but 89.7 percent of the cities were with a limited UIA. In addition, we revealed that 84.8 percent of changes in zoning were in inducing areas, and that the changes were relaxation of land use and the form regulation for creating a residential environment and inducing the location of life service and urban functions. This tendency was shown same outside of inducing areas.

In residential areas with single-family homes, condominiums, and rental housing, voluntary organizations with no legal basis exist to manage the living environment. Throughout this case study, since the organization has no legal basis and participation is voluntary, it is not possible to compel residents to join, resulting in a lower membership rate and the inability to hold property. However, with the support of the developer and the organization's steady management, about 70% of the residents in the residential area have joined, and they positively evaluate the organization. To prevent problems, it is necessary to develop a mechanism for the existence of an organization with a legal basis that enables all residents or homeowners to join and operates democratically.

The necessity for democratic management of residential communities is being addressed in Japan and the United States. Democratic management means that homeowners have equal rights to participate in meetings, make policy decisions, elect board members, run for board seats, and obtain information. In order to achieve this necessity, changes are required in the government and homeowners' associations. This study will organize and examine the true democratic management of housing communities, by understanding the state laws and administrative rules the government of New Jersey has established. .Furthermore, I will focus on the Radburn community's management and how these laws affect the community.

In order to clarify the citizen activity fostering functions and operational policies of the community proposal fund system in provincial cities, which had not been adequately investigated in the past, this study conducted surveys of performance data and document surveys, and interview surveys to the sections in charge of the systems. Analysis of the grant results, the actual status of development by stage of the system and the fostering functions focusing on the fostering elements, indicated the importance of conscious and detailed course setting that takes into account the stage of the system, a system that allows diverse citizen groups to collaborate with the section in charge of their field, and dialogue such as "advice," "consultation," and "collaboration" in developing projects and groups.

With the advance of the Participatory Planning, it gets more important to improve residents' participation in city planning in Japan. This study focuses on the one of the online participatory platforms, "Decidim", which derived from Barcelona in 2020, and clarifies its actual utilization in three advanced cases in Japan. We conducted interviews with the adopters and analyzed comments on Decidim to reveal the benefits and challenges in using Decidim. In Japan, Decidim is used in various ways and purposes, and can be used to expand the scope of participation. On the other hand, it has a difficulty in being accepted by most of civil servants and residents, how to "use" it, and how to customize it. It can be said, Decidim is a tool for "empathy", not "deliberation" in Japan.

The aim of the study is to identify trends in the performance and distribution of open space by temporary use of private land and to clarify the actual operation of each, in order to obtain suggestions for promoting spatial management methods tailored to local characteristics. The study targets are the case of Kobe City. The results of the survey revealed that there are various ways of using the space and various space management methods, and that there are differences in the reasons for improvement trigger, voluntary construction, management associations, and the participation of entities other than local residents in management.

In this study, we surveyed the entrances/exits of all 216 underground stations in the wards of Tokyo, and provides a detailed analysis of the buildings with entrances of stations. Result shows that (1) in recent years, entrances have tended to be located on private land and railway sites, (2) 69.5% of entrances of stations located in buildings are in the four central wards of Tokyo, and (3) the number of "complex" pattern of connections between buildings and entrances of stations has been increasing since the 2010s. In addition, it was found that, (4) since in 1990s, the building construction projects that uses urban development systems have improved entrances facilities of stations, such as installation of elevators, common corridors and expansion of subway concourses.

In recent years, the declining population and the corresponding increase in vacant houses has become an issue, and efforts to prevent the occurrence of vacant houses are needed. Thus, areal measures are needed against the vacancy of houses in the future for urban planning. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to develop a “vacant house countermeasure support tool” that can spatially identify “which buildings in which areas are likely to become vacant,” and proposed a method for analysing occurrence factor of vacancy of houses using machine learning interpretation techniques. As a result, it became clear that that the performance of buildings and the condition of infrastructure affect the occurrence of vacant houses and that the factors that cause the occurrence of vacant houses differ according to the characteristics of each district, and the degree to which these factors affect the occurrence of vacant houses also differs.

This study focuses on the town center transformation after the Fukushima nuclear power plant disaster, focusing on the reconstruction of buildings and the transformation of vacant lots after the demolition of buildings. Three factors influenced the spatial transformation of vacant lots after the disaster: the degree to which the residential population had recovered, the characteristics of residents and the associated types of reconstructed buildings, and the way vacant lots connected to buildings were utilized. In these areas, rather than a uniform approach, it is necessary to consider methods of utilization that are adapted to each vacant lot, based on the circumstances of each area.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics of building restrictions and the background behind the establishment of such restrictions for detached housing developments located on reclaimed land, and to identify issues that need to be addressed in the development process. In general, low-rise residential districts should strive to preserve the living environment by setting strict building restrictions, but the zoning of detached residential lots in reclaimed land is loose, and restrictions are made stricter by using other regulations in combination (superimposed restrictions). The reason for this is that it is difficult to revise various laws and regulations related to reclaimed land development, and it is convenient for developers to set a loose zoning district and later impose strict restrictions through district planning and building agreements in order to avoid later changes.

The outbreak of COVID-19, which began in 2020, brought an opportunity to reconsider new ways of working and traveling. Local governments started to implement telework and workcation projects. In order to understand the actual status of their development and promotion two years after the outbreak, this study conducted a questionnaire survey. Results showed that although the telework environment in municipalities has been improving, the telework ratio is low. Also, it clarified that municipalities that have adopted various forms of telework tend to consider the promotion of telework positively. In addition, the municipalities implementing initiatives to promote the usage of workcations were more proactive in developing facilities for workcations.

The characteristic, effects and issues of the provisional utilization projects of underused land in the central area of Ishinomaki city were analyzed, and the following three conclusion were obtained. (1) There were two types of temporary shopping districts in the central area of Ishinomaki City: a type that emphasizes the reconstruction of businesses and a type that emphasizes the creation of liveliness in the area. (2) In the latter case, the town development company has expanded to provisional utilization of nearby low unused land and town development in the surrounding area. (3) The management system that are open to the outside and the area vision are considered to be the factors.

This study aims to clarify the current status of disaster prevention measures by management associations of super-high-rise condominiums and their impact on the disaster preparedness of surrounding areas and to understand the characteristics of super-high-rise condominiums with/without advanced disaster prevention measures. As a result of a questionnaire survey of management associations of condominiums, about 40% of management associations do not have a disaster prevention manual. Furthermore, management associations that stockpile food and drinking water account for about 30% and 50%, respectively. Therefore, it is expected that the disaster response in the surrounding areas will be burdened when a disaster occurs. Furthermore, it became clear that, in general, there are differences in the disaster preparedness of management associations between regions, that there are differences depending on the size of the condominium, and that condominiums built in the latest year tend to be less advanced in disaster preparedness.

In order to quickly and accurately carry out reconstruction in the event of a huge Nankai Trough earthquake, it is important to prepare for pre-disaster planning for post-disaster recovery while considering reconstruction after the earthquake in parallel with "disaster prevention and mitigation”. Focusing on the position of administrative staff who play a central role in advancing early reconstruction after the disaster, a series of processes related to the examination of the pre-disaster planning for post-disaster recovery plan based on the results of the workshop and the results of looking back. The state of consciousness change obtained in the process was analyzed. The program of the workshop was considered and the effect of the pre-disaster planning for post-disaster recovery consideration process was discussed.

This study aimed to develop a location-based smartphone Application called “Bosai-Go!” and evaluate its effects on regional disaster prevention. The application was designed to familiarize residents with their community through their daily life routines and motivate them to evacuate before a disaster occurs by introducing gamification. Players are provided with various regional hazard maps through their smartphone application, thereby allowing them to score points on visits to specific sites, such as hazardous spots and evacuation shelters. A field experiment for the residents around Midorikawa River basin (Kumamoto Prefecture) proved that the gameplay could motivate players of various generations to explore and understand hazard risks in their communities. We expect that this study will contribute to community-based disaster risk management.

In this study, we analyzed the payment amount and issues of the affected families in the restoration of housing, using Typhoon No. 19 in 2019 as an example. The outline is as follows,(1) The repair cost of the damaged house is not clearly related to the level of damage recognition,(2) The impact of flood compensation payments and repair costs can be classified into several groups. But some of them are socio-economically vulnerable,(3)The timing of housing repairs is influenced not only by the convenience of the builder but also by the timing of determining the amount of flood compensation,(4) The public housing prepared by the government as a temporary housing did not match the location, application conditions and timing, and some families rented the housing themselves,(5) Most of the families who moved in after the flood rented apartments, and they know that their houses are in the disaster area.

This study aimed to identify the actual situation of threat incidents occurring against children and women in parks in Tokyo and reveal the environmental factors contributing to such incidents. Cross-tabulations and logistic regression analysis revealed the following results: 1) the type, time, and month of occurrence of threat incidents in parks differ from those in other public spaces, especially for victims aged under 13; 2) the connectivity between parks and surrounding streets increases the likelihood of threat incidents, especially in residential areas. These resultsindicate that in order to address threat incidents in parks effectively, it is necessary to focus on them based on the location environment while taking their characteristics into account.

Regardless of spatial expansion of living areas, city planning is usually considered by unit area divided by the border between local municipalities. This study aims to clarify cross-border effect of using urban facilities focusing on travel distance. First, we construct an inter-municipal network with 5,101 cross-border links of 1,719 local cities nationwide and quantify cross-border effect by outflow/inflow rate and cross-border effectiveness. Second, it shows that almost 10 percent of populations travel shorter distance by cross-border use, and the gap up to almost 30%. Second, cities with low facility sufficiency show a high effectiveness, but some cities with high sufficiency also show a high effectiveness. Third, Gini coefficient that quantifies inequality of outflow/inflow among neighboring cities, shows that local cities have a limited range of cooperation, but cities in the metropolitan areas show wide cooperation with neighboring cities.

With the spread of smartphones, big data collected through mobile phone have been popular. There are an increasing number of studies that focused on pedestrian flow using Wi-Fi packet sensors, which can be installed at arbitrary points at low cost. Besides, many studies that integrate various types of big data. In this study, we developed a method for identifying private Wi-Fi addresses based on Wi-Fi packet data. Then we merged that data with mobile spatial statistics and the pedestrian volume surveys to develop a method for estimating the number of people out, route traffic volume, and inter-zone travel in the area. The validity of the analysis was confirmed by comparing the actual data.

This study focuses on the conflict of interest structure between decision-makers and external opinion in the conservation of historic buildings and analyses the room for negotiation to the decision-makers. Specifically, the influence of the external opinion, the preservation request of the Architectural Institute of Japan, on the decision-making of the building owner is analysed by conflict analysis. The main result of this study is that there is room for negotiation, and the distribution of the equilibrium solution succeeds in visualising the conflict situation, although it was thought to result in a complete breakdown.

The purpose of this research is to clarify the structure of the residents' desire to continue living using living comfort survey data. The results of the analysis are as follows. Satisfaction with living in an area and satisfaction with the building increase the desire to continue living. Increasing age and being from the local area increase the desire to continue living. The desire to continue living, the attachment to the community, and the desire to contribute are mutually related. In addition, the structure is different for cases aged over 60 years old and cases being from the local area.

This study shows that the geographical adjacency between municipalities changed significantly after Heisei Great municipalities merge. Moreover, the following three points were revealed numerically. First, Heisei Great municipalities merge caused friction in existing fire administrations, which took time to be solved. Second, a lack of cases of cross-prefecture mergers limited options as to which municipalities to choose. Finally, the wide-area remote cooperation which does not relate to the continuity of places contributes to increase options of multi-municipal cooperation by use of digitization.

In recent years, the rate of young people leaving home for various purposes has been declining. A large-scale online shift caused by COVID-19 might have developed this trend further. Nevertheless, even among young people, the actual online shift varies according to occupation, values, and other factors. It will be necessary to develop residential environments that incorporate consideration of diversity. Therefore, this study, based on responses to an original questionnaire survey, classifies young people according to their patterns of online shifts in work and private life. Subsequently, it analyzes relations between online shifts and values or residential environment evaluations. Results indicate that online shift patterns are divisible according to household composition. Large disparities were found, even among young people, in activity locations and residential environment evaluations.

Identifying the relationship between the “ambient population” and crime has been challenging due to a lack of data and the difficulty of causal inference. This study aims to reveal the relationship between the ambient population and crime through using the COVID-19 state of emergency as a natural experiment. The analysis uses the Poisson regression model with fixed-effects and the instrumental variable method. The results show that the effect of the ambient population on crime varies by crime type and neighborhood land use pattern. Furthermore, there was little difference in the effects of the day and night ambient populations on crime. This study is novel in that it verified the causal relationship between the ambient population and crime using the instrumental variable method.