Journal of Pesticide Science
Online ISSN : 1349-0923
Print ISSN : 1348-589X
ISSN-L : 0385-1559
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38 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の13件中1～13を表示しています
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Original Articles
  • 殺虫剤メトフルトリンの環境中代謝物における水生生物急性毒性
    宮本 貢, 藤原 彰子, 田中 仁詞, 片木 敏行
    2013 年 38 巻 4 号 p. 173-180
    発行日: 2013/11/20
    公開日: 2013/11/20
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2013/09/09
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.D13-009
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    Acute aquatic toxicity of eight major metabolites of the pyrethroid insecticide metofluthrin, potentially formed via oxidation and ester cleavage in the environment, was examined using three representative species, fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), Daphnia magna and green alga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata). All metabolites showed a wide range of toxicity but were more than a hundredfold and tenfold less toxic than metofluthrin to pyrethroid-sensitive (fish and daphnid) and -insensitive (algal) taxa, respectively; 0.44 to >120 mg/L (fish 96-hr LC50), 6.3 to >120 mg/L(daphnid 48-hr EC50), and 2.6 to >110 mg/L (algal 96-hr EyC50). The structural modification via ester cleavage and/or oxidation was found to significantly control the acute aquatic toxicity of the metabolites. The decreased lipophilicity in the metabolites generally resulted in much less acute toxicity, the extent of which was dependent on an introduced functional group such as formyl as a toxicophore and carboxyl causing a higher acidity.
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  • 一方のタイプの誘引物質あるいはそのアゴニストで飽和された水溶液中でのAphanomyces cochlioides遊走子の二つの異なるタイプの誘引物質cochliophilin A およびN-(E)-feruloyl-4-O-methyldopamineに対する反応，および内生cAMPと遊走子の被誘引行動との重要なリンク
    Mengcen Wang, 高山 智光, Dongyeop Kim, 崎浜 靖子, 田原 哲士, 橋床 泰之
    2013 年 38 巻 4 号 p. 181-187
    発行日: 2013/11/20
    公開日: 2013/11/20
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2013/10/03
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.D13-034
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    Cochliophilin A (5-hydroxy-6,7-methylenedioxyflavone, 1) and N-(E)-feruloyl-4-O-methyldopamine (2) are naturally occurring host-specific chemoattractants for Aphanomyces cochlioides zoospores. In a cross-competition assay, compound 1 (4 fmol) applied to diatomite particles clearly attracted A. cochlioides zoospores in an aqueous solution of excessive compound 2 (1×10−6 M) that could mask a concentration gradient of 1 dispersed from the particles. Similarly, 2 (40 fmol) on particles also attracted A. cochlioides zoospores in an aqueous solution of 1 (1×10−6 M). In addition, compound 2 on the particles did not attract the zoospores in an aqueous solution containing 1×10−6 M NADP+, while 1 clearly attracted zoospores in the same solution. These results allowed us to speculate that compounds 1 and 2 do not share receptors. The chemosensory system for 1 is probably for host recognition of A. cochlioides zoospores, while the system for 2 is linked to cell differentiation.
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  • ペンチオピラドの生物活性および病害防除効果
    柳瀬 勇次, 貴志 淳郎, 稲見 俊一, 勝田 裕之, 吉川 幸宏
    2013 年 38 巻 4 号 p. 188-193
    発行日: 2013/11/20
    公開日: 2013/11/20
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2013/10/24
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.D12-063
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    Various carboxamide derivatives were synthesized, and the fungicidal activity was evaluated by both in vitro and in vivo experiments to find out the best compound for a fungicide. Penthiopyrad is unique in its wide fungicidal spectrum. The introduction of a thiophene ring with hydrophobic branched alkyl groups brought broad-spectrum fungicidal activity leading to the discovery of penthiopyrad, N-[2-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-3-thienyl]-1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide. Of the carboxamide fungicides, carboxin is particularly effective for controlling the diseases caused by basidiomycetous fungi, including smut and bunt of cereals, but it is not as effective against others that are easily controlled by boscalid, which is not so effective against basidiomycetes pathogens. Penthiopyrad covers the effect gap between carboxin and boscalid. In this report, we have focused on the biological properties revealed in laboratory tests and small pot tests in the greenhouse.
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  • 台湾産イネいもち病菌の系統的多様性およびMBI剤とQoI剤に対する感受性
    Chien-Hsiang Hsieh, Wen-Chuan Chung, Yi-Nian Chen, Wen-Hsin Chung
    2013 年 38 巻 4 号 p. 194-199
    発行日: 2013/11/20
    公開日: 2013/11/20
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2013/10/29
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.D12-059
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    Magnaporthe oryzae (Anamorph: Pyricularia oryzae), the causal agent of rice blast disease, is the major pathogen that reduces the yield of rice worldwide. Melanin biosynthesis inhibitors (MBIs) and strobilurins (QoIs) are common fungicides used to control the disease. One hundred and three M. oryzae isolates from different rice-production areas in Taiwan were evaluated for their molecular phylogeny and sensitivity to MBI and QoI fungicides. Molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that all M. oryzae isolates could be classified into nine genetic groups (A–I) based on the DNA polymorphism amplified by CNS1/MP primers. Predominant ones are groups A (72 isolates) and B (15 isolates). Fungicide tests showed that M. oryzae isolates were sensitive to MBIs (carpropamid and tricyclazole) and less sensitive to QoIs (kresoxim-methyl and azoxystrobin). Amplifying the cytochrome b (cyt b) gene revealed that isolates with low sensitivity to QoIs did not correspond with mutation at codon 129 or 143 in the cyt b gene.
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  • ハクサイおよびホウレンソウの農薬残留レベルに圃場間変動をもたらす要因の解析
    矢島 智成, 藤田 眞弘, 近藤 圭, 飯島 和昭, 佐藤 清, 加藤 保博
    2013 年 38 巻 4 号 p. 200-207
    発行日: 2013/11/20
    公開日: 2013/11/20
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2013/11/01
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.D13-051
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    To find the effect of field-to-field variation in pesticide residue levels in Chinese cabbage and spinach, two residue datasets each were obtained from eight test fields in different years. Based on the obtained sixteen field datasets, the highest residue levels of five pesticides in Chinese cabbage and of three pesticides in spinach were 10.5 and 5.7 times higher than the lowest residue levels, respectively. The correlation of the pesticide residue levels in spinach samples between the data obtained in different years from the same six greenhouses was in good agreement (R2=0.8138). In contrast, there was no clear correlation between the pesticide residue levels in Chinese cabbage samples, which were grown in open fields. This different tendency observed in the residue data may be because of the difference in growing conditions. In addition, each datum of the pesticide residue was negatively correlated with the sample weight.
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Technical Report
  • GC-MSを用いたシロアリ中のクロルフルアズロンの簡便かつ高感度な定量分析
    Ching-Chen Lee, Che Nin Man, Norjuliana Mohd Noor, Razak Lajis, Chow-Y ...
    2013 年 38 巻 4 号 p. 208-213
    発行日: 2013/11/20
    公開日: 2013/11/20
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2013/09/06
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1584/jpestics.D13-036
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    Chlorfluazuron (CFZ) is a benzoylphenylurea insecticide that is commonly used in baits for management of subterranean termites. In this study, a new method using GC-MS for the determination and quantification of CFZ in termites was developed and validated. Since a small volume of organic solvent (250 µL) was used in the sample preparation procedure, the extract was analyzed without any evaporation. The assay was simple and rapid, with a short GC run time (10.0 min). The calibration curve was linear over the range of 0.1–2.5 µg/g, and the correlation coefficient was >0.998. This method was sensitive, as demonstrated by the detection and quantification limits of 0.003 µg/g and 0.1 µg/g, respectively. The mean recovery of CFZ from spiked samples was 95.6%. The within-day and between-day precision and accuracy of the assays ranged between 1.19 and 6.43%. This method was used to screen for CFZ transfer between nestmates of a treated Macrotermes gilvus mound. The highest amount of CFZ was detected in workers from the royal chamber, followed by workers in the peripheral zone, workers in the nursery zone, larvae in the nursery zone, and larvae in the peripheral zone.
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Notes
Contents and Indexes
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