The Review of Laser Engineering

Preface to Topical Papers on Preparation of Nanomaterials Using Laser Beams

Satoru NISHIO

2005 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 4
Published: January 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2014

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.33.4

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Laser and Properties of Nanostructured Materials

Si Nanostructures Synthesized by Laser Ablation

Kouichi MURAKAMI, Tetsuya MAKIMURA, Naoki FUKATA

2005 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 5-11
Published: January 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2014

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.33.5

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We review optical and electronic properties of Si-based nanostructured materials, such as O-dimensional Si nanocrystallites with sizes from 1 nm to 10 nm and 1-dimensional Si nanowires, that are synthesized using laser ablation techniques. Characteristics of clusters consisting of several atoms to hundreds of atoms are also described in order to understand the physical and chemical properties of Si-based nanostructured materials. Si nanocrystallites with sizes below 5 nm widen band gaps arising from the quantum confinement effect. P and Er impurities exhibit novel properties in SiO₂ matrices including Si nanocrystallites. Si nanowire can be grown via vapor-liquid-solid mechanism. Quantized conductance and Coulomb blockade are described for the nanowires having interesting quantum properties.

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Laser-Aided Synthesis of Functional Nano-Structured Material

Tatsuo OKADA

2005 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 12-17
Published: January 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2014

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.33.1_12

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In this article, recent progress in the synthesis of nano-structured functional materials by the laser beam is reviewed. One main approach is the direct nano-sized deposition by the photo-chemical reaction with the focused laser beam below the diffraction limit. This has become possible due to the development of a femto-second laser technology and the invent of near field technologies. Another approach is to use a self-organized reaction in atomic vapor generated by the laser vaporization. Recent topics in the laser-aided synthesis of functional materials are presented.

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Preparation of Oxide Nanomaterials Using Pulsed Laser Ablation

Takeshi SASAKI, Yoshiki SHIMIZU, Naoto KOSHIZAKI

2005 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 18-23
Published: January 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2014

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.33.1_18

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Pulsed laser ablation (PLA) in gas and liquid media is an extremely powerful technique for the fabrication of crystallized oxide nanomaterials such as nanoparticles of simple and complex oxides, and organic/inorganic nanocomposites without post annealing or substrate heating. The Fe₂0₃, CO₃0₄ and BaTiO₃ nanoparticles were prepared by PLA of corresponding oxide targets in inert gas atmosphere. Nanoparticles of TiO₂, SnO₂and Zinc hydroxide/dodecyl sulfate nanocomposite were prepared by PLA of corresponding metal target inaqueous solutions. The formation mechanisms of the obtained nanomaterials are also discussed.

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Preparation of Carbon and Organic Nanomaterials with Laser Beams

Satoru NISHIO

2005 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 24-28
Published: January 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2014

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.33.24

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Recently preparation of various carbon nanomaterials such as C₆₀ and carbon nanotubes by laser ablation has been widely investigated. On the other hand, few attempts have been made to prepare organic nanomaterials due to problems with photo-bleaching of their functional groups. However, it has been demonstrated that minute control of ablation condition enabled the formation of functional organic nanomaterials without decomposition. Novel organic nanoparticles were also formed by selective elimination and polymerization reaction. In this paper, recent progress in preparation of several carbon and organic nanomaterials by laser ablation will be reviewed. After a brief introduction of the preparation of fullerene and carbon nanotubes, diamond nano particles and polyyne preparation will be discussed. In addition, preparation of organic nanoparticles such as a phthalocyanine derivative and a conducting polymer by laser ablation will be presented.

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Present Status and Comparison of Countries Using Lasers in Nanomaterial Research Activities

Eiichi OZAWA

2005 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 29-35
Published: January 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2014

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.33.1_29

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The present status of nanomaterial research using lasers and a comparison of research activities of different countries based on the number of papers issued for each country are reviewed in this report. The three major nanomaterials being studied in many countries are: fullerenes, nanotubes and nanoparticles. However, the amount work involving fullerenes appears to have decreased. Although 5 years ago, USA, Japan, Germany and France were the leading countries in this field, Japan, China and Russia are the current leaders in the research field. In addition to the published papers, a survey of laser related nanotechnology patents indicates that lasers are being mainly used for basic research in nanomaterial fields.

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Preparation of Nano-Structures of Metal by Using Laser Ablation in Water

Takeshi TSUJI, Masaharu TSUJI

2005 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 36-40
Published: January 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2014

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.33.36

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Nano-size silver colloids were prepared by using laser ablation in pure water. To modify shape of the nanoparticles, additional laser irradiation onto the colloidal particles was carried out. Size of particles was reduced due to laser-induced fragmentation. In addition, it was found that non-spherical nano-structures such as wires and sheets of silver were produced due to laser-induced fusion of particles. These findings suggest that shape of colloidal particles can be controlled by using laser ablation in liquids.

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Preparation of Organic Dye Nanoparticles by Nanosecond Laser Ablation in a Poor Solvent

Tsuyoshi ASAHI, Kenichi YUYAMA, Teruki SUGIYAMA, Hiroshi MASUHARA

2005 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 41-46
Published: January 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2014

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.33.41

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Microcrystalline powder of several dye compounds suspended in a poor solvent was converted into their nanoparticle dispersion by irradiating with the third harmonics of nanosecond Nd³⁺: YAG laser (355 nm, 7 ns, 10 Hz). The colored colloidal solutions were stable during more than 1 week without any surfactants. Dye nanoparticles with the mean size of about 50 nm were confirmed by SEM observation, and the mean size was almost the same for all compounds. The nanoparticle formation was analyzed by visible absorption measurement. The laser fluence dependence demonstrates that laser ablation of microcrystals is considered to be responsible to nanoaparticle formation. The mechanism is discussed in terms of the urtrafast photo-thermal conversion process and the subsequent fragmentation of microcrystal.

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Formation of Carbon Nanotubes by Ultraviolet Laser Ablation

Mitsuhiro KUSABA, Yoshiaki TSUNAWAKI

2005 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 47-51
Published: January 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2014

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.33.47

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Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were produced by an ablation method using a XeC1 excimer laser. It was irradiated onto a graphite-Co/Ni target under the atmosphere (0.1 MPa) of Ar gas with the flow rate of 12 ml/min at the temperature of a room, 1273 K, 1373 K, and 1473K. At the room temperature, the fiber-like deposition was observed on the target surface after the laser ablation. On the other hand, SWNTs were found in the carbonaceous soot produced by the laser ablation under the conditions of high temperature. The diameter distribution and the length of them were estimated to be between 1.2 and 1.7 nm, and 2μm or above, respectively, by Raman spectroscopy and the scanning and transmission electron microscopy.

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Parametric Studies of a 13.56-MHz RF-Discharge-Pumped CO₂ Laser with Wide-Area Cylindrical Slab Geometry

Kenji OHISHI, Naoomi MIYAKAWA, Shigeru YAMAGUCHI, Tomoo FUJIOKA

2005 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 52-56
Published: January 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2014

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.33.1_52

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This paper describes the fundamental laser characteristics of a cylindrical slab-type CO₂ gas laser using an RF discharge frequency of 13.56 MHz. Discharge uniformity was investigated with an optical fiber probe by regulating the mixing ratio and the gas pressure of a gaseous medium. Results indicated that the optimum input pumping density of the laser medium was -3 W/cm³ at a pressure of 5.3 kPa with a mixing ratio of CO₂: N₂: He =1: 4: 15. A peak small-signal gain coefficient of 0.5 %/cm was obtained at the 10.6μm P (20) line. Moreover, a detailed small-signal gain analysis on some other P-branches indicated that the rotational temperature was in between 520 K and 560 K.

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Introduction to Optical Quantum Information Processing 3. Quantum Information Processing Protocols and Quantum Computation

Masahiro TAKEOKA, Masahide SASAKI

2005 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 57-61
Published: January 15, 2005
Released on J-STAGE: March 26, 2014

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.33.57

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