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Volume 61 (1995)
- Issue 6 Pages 715-
- Issue 5 Pages 567-
- Issue 4 Pages 427-
- Issue 3 Pages 283-
- Issue 2 Pages 137-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 61, Issue 5
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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Masao TakagiArticle type: Article
1996 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 567-598,712
Published: January 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSThis paper considers several issues relating to a mortality crisis. First, it examines crisis mortality in the area of Japan formerly known as Mutsu, the broad region which encompassed the present-day prefectures of Aomori, Iwate and Miyagi, on the basis of death registers. Next, the population registers from one of the villages (a farming and forestry community named Okago) are analyzed in detail for mortality and fertility trends during the period 1830-1845, which was chosen for its comparatively complete set of records and for the high mortality rates which occurred at the time (more than 200 per thousand in 1837). Finally, the conception records for Okago village during the mid-19th century (1844-1862) are examined to make clear the seasonal cyclic pattern of conceptions and births, in comparison with data for a western Japanese farm village, Minamisakura in Shiga Prefecture. The data for this study was drawn from the village records known in Japanese as the kako cho (KC : death record). the shumon aratame cho (SAC : population register), and the kainin aratame cho (KAC : conception and birth record). Further information on the characteristics and usefulness (including incompleteness) of the SAC material can be found in the works of R. J. and T. C. Smith, or L. L. Cornell and A. Hayami. The KCs were necrologies kept by the Buddhist temples of the danka, the families associated with the temple; the KC data comes from previously published sources as well from sources discovered by the author. The KACs were village registers kept by akago seidoyaku of the Sendai clan (han), officials from the upper class peasantry who recorded conceptions, births, and follow-up data.View full abstractDownload PDF (2333K) -
Susumu YamamotoArticle type: Article
1996 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 599-619,714
Published: January 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSIn imperial China local administration was supported not by financial expenses but by various types of yaoyi 徭役 (compulsory labor) performed by the people. As part of this system during the Qing period dibao (地保) collected taxes and policed their areas. The nature of dibao was originally compulsory labor. Taxpayers were obliged to do their duties of labor in turn but ways of electing dibao were regionally different in Jiangnan. They were professionalized as one specific person's occupation in the most advanced regions-Suzhou-fu, Songjiang-fu and Taicang-zhou-, where on the one hand they were compeled to laogui (陋規, bribe) by shuyi (書役, officials at lower levels), while on the other hand they took bribes from taxpayers. In comparatively backward regions- Changzhou-fu and Zhenjiang-fu - the rotation system was kept. Through this system shuyi took bribes from dibao as representatives of taxpayers. From the 19th century local administrations began to suffer severe financial difficulties and bribes became a necessary means of financial support. In consequence, shuyi increasingly took bribes and the burden on dibao and taxpayers inrceased. In the Tongzhi era Ding Ri-chang, who was the governor of Jiangsu, tried to reform Iocal finances and prohibited the taking of bribes. Since the Daoguang era Bao Shi-chen, Feng Gui-fen and other intellectuals out of office had argued that it was necessary to establish a new post of officials, xiangguan 郷官, who would be appointed from local elites and assist the smaller units of the local administration. This idea was at last actualized in the Guangxu era. With the prohibition of bribery and the establishment of xiangguan, the system of dibao ended.View full abstractDownload PDF (1861K) -
Yoichiro HanadaArticle type: Article
1996 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 620-647,713
Published: January 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSL'etude des finances municipales a l'aide des documents comptables du Moyen Age europeen n'a pas serieusement ete entreprise au Japon, alors que les medievistes frangais ont publie depuis les annees 50 des travaux importants sur ce sujet. Le present article s'inscrit dans le cadre de notre etude sur l'evolution de l'autonomie de la ville medievale de Provins. Nous nous proposons ici d'analyser les comptes municipaux (1274-1331) tout en assimilant les resultats des recherches frangaises precedentes. Les comptes de Provins, accompagnes d'autres pieces administratives et juridiques, nous sont parvenus grace au Cartulaire de Provins (ms. 89 de la Bibliotheque municipale de Provins). Pour chaque annee, ils se composent en principe de quatre parties: recette, depense, actif et passif. L'analyse sectorielle des recettes et des depenses nous amene a constater, d'une part, que la justice et la prevote, affermees par la ville de Provins aupres des comtes de Champagne ou des rois de France, occupaient une place capitale dans la gestion financiere, et, d'autre part, que l'impot indirect l'emportait sensiblement sur l'impot direct. De l'analyse structurelle et conjoncturelle de l'ensemble de nos documents, il apparait que les magistrats provinois pouvaient depasser le systeme de (charge and discharge), considere comme la procedure commune de la comptabilite medievale. Les comptes refletent l'evolution politico-sociale de la ville, et nous pouvons situer l'evolution financiere de Provins pendant la periode en consideration dans l'histoire generale de la ville. Pour conclure, l'administration municipale a Provins avait pour but d'organiser un gouvernement puissant dans l'interet des classes superieures des habitants. Ces classes superieures tiraient parti de leurs relations etroites avec les autorites souveraines. Ce sont ces facteurs qui determinaient la structure financiere de la ville et les caracteristiques de ses comptes.View full abstractDownload PDF (2208K) -
Jong Hyun KimArticle type: Article
1996 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 648-675
Published: January 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (2425K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1996 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 676-678
Published: January 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (356K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1996 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 678-681
Published: January 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (470K) -
James VestalArticle type: Article
1996 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 681-683
Published: January 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (373K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1996 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 683-686
Published: January 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (442K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1996 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 686-688
Published: January 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (311K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1996 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 689-691
Published: January 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (338K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1996 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 691-694
Published: January 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (410K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1996 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 694-697
Published: January 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (456K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1996 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 697-699
Published: January 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (343K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1996 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 699-702
Published: January 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (438K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1996 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 702-706
Published: January 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (540K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1996 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 706-709
Published: January 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (363K) -
Article type: Bibliography
1996 Volume 61 Issue 5 Pages 712-714
Published: January 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: June 24, 2017
JOURNAL OPEN ACCESSDownload PDF (135K)
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