The bundles from the n. dorsalis penis in the penis body of goat are composed of very thick medullated sensory fibres and fine nonmedullated fibres running groupwise amidst them. The fine fibres are probably identifiable with so many parasympathetic fibres found running through the posterior radices of the medullar cord.
In the penis body, the n. dorsalis penis send out very fine rami into the tunica albuginea of the corpus cavernosum penis. The few sensory fibres in the rami end in genital nerve bodies Type II among the longitudinal connective tissue bundles of the outer layer of the tunica albuginea. In the urethra, unlike those in the urethrae of man, pig, dog and flying-squirrel, the sensory fibres were so few that their terminal mode could not be adequately elucidated. In the space between the thin tunica albuginea running circularly around the corpus cavernosum urethrae and the tunica albuginea of the corpus cavernosum penis, however, I found genital nerve bodies Type I and Type II and non capsulated simple branched sensory terminations rather frequently. No PACINIan body was found in the penis body of goat.
On the other hand, however, the glans penis of goat contains very numerous sensory terminations, except the urethra running right through the glans in which I found no sensory fibre at all.
The sensory terminations are the more numerous and the better developed as we go down the nearer to the base of the glans penis. The terminations consist in PACINIan bodies, genital nerve bodies and branched endings, and a very small number of end-bulbs. No intraepithelial fibres could be found, except on some rare occasions in the epithelial cords sunk into the propria.
In the glans penis, PACINIan bodies are found in its basal portion here and there, particularly frequently in the vicinity of the tunica albuginea covering the corpus cavernosum penis and not rarely in the propria. These are of small size, with lamellae in 6-10 layers and an inner bulb containing very fine longitudinal stripes and staining reddish, into which runs a single sensory fibre and ends in an unbranched or a branched termination.
The genital nerve body is always encased in a capsule, often of considerable thickness, and belongs to either Type I or Type II according to the ramification of the single sensory fibre running into its inner bulb. The Type I bodies, similar to those in human genitals, have a reddish inner bulb rich in cell nuclei and containing a sensory fibre forming many branches which end in glomerular arrangement. The branch fibres often undergo perceptible change in size.
Compound type end-bulbs often found in the inner plate of the praeputium are the oftenest found among the genital nerve bodies Type II, but not rarely some with a branched sensory terminaton at the center of the inner bulb were also observed. An end-bulb is the most simple of corpuscular terminations, where a single sensory fibre enters its inner bulb in the connective tissue capsule and covered by specific flat round cell nuclei, and ends bluntly or in club form near the distal pole of the inner bulb. The genital nerve body Type II representing a compound form of an end-bulb contains an end-bulb divided into branches in its capsule. Genital bodies of a similar type, but not encased in a common capsule, have been found in flying squirrels too (OHNO). It is of interest that such genital nerve bodies could be found often in the nerve bundles from the n. dorsalis penis running through the glans penis.
Besides the above, non-capsulated simple and complex branched terminations were rather frequent in the propria of the glans penis. Their terminal fibres usually show feeble change in size and gentle winding in their courses before ending usually in sharp but sometimes in blunt points just beneath the epithelium, never penetrating further up into the epithelium.

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The histological observation was made upon the thyroid glands of cows, pigs, horses, cats, dogs, rabbits, guinea pigs and rats by the optical preparations fixed with LEVI's solution and stained with HEIDENHAIN's iron hematoxylin. The results principally concerning the internal structure of glandular cell and parafollicular cell were as follows.
It was a tendency common to various animals that the follicles was increased in size at the peripheral area of the gland, and decreased to be immature at the central part. The large follicles with the cytological feature of inactive partipation in colloidal formation and reabsorption because of the flattened epithelium would appertain to be storage type, whereas small follicles are provided with the elongated epithelial cells which would perform the synthersizing and releasing functions. In general, the discharge of intracellular thyroglobulin was capable by means of the secretory mechanism coincided with that in the protein cells of exocrine glands, while the apocrine secretion in thyroid gland cell, frequently occurring in cows, horses and rats but never or seldom take places in remaining animals, might be analogous to so-called hunger secretion caused under the extraordinarily strong and contineous stimuli. It is author's opinion that the vacuoles appearing at the supranuclear region are the ultimate products within the cell-body which may be eliminated through the cell membrane by a certain way, not by an apocrine secretion. It was comprehensive in present observation that the circumference vacuoles was not only derived from the diffusion of vacuoles in the cytoplasmic projection which may perform an apparent apocrine secretion, but also from the accumulation of tiny vacuoles directly eliminated through the cell membrane. The intercellular discharging canaliculi frequently observed in human thyroid gland (ITO 1955) were not sufficiently developped in these mammals with the exclusion of rats. The huge colloidal substances with various contour seen in some locations of cytoplasm, focusing at the apical parts, were typical in cows in spite of the ignorance of their functional significance, however evidences were presented that they may be responsible for the intracellular colloids which was not synthesized in the cell-body. Notwithstanding the animal differences in characteristics of parafollicular cells, they were able to be recognized through all kinds of animals, and the mode of the cell population accounted for enough morphologicbl basis to enable to assume a connection to proliferation or neoformation of follicles, but in some animals it was not apparent whether they could play a principal role in neoformation because of the difficult identification of them.
It was only in the rat that the parafollicular cells were equipped with the morphological criteria showing an intimate relathionship to the thyroxin production or basal section. In case of their proliferation, they were, in all mammals, so increased in number within the thickened wall of follicular epithelium as the nodules that they vulged toward the interspace, thereafter the constriction of the neck of their protrution was followed by the separation from the mother follicles, that is a neoformation of the follicles.

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1. Serial sections of the brains of man and 79 other mammals, 4 birds and 6 reptiles, i. e., 90 animals in total, were examined in this study.
2. The external medullar plate and the thalamic reticular stratum are not respectively separate formations but represent only different parts of extension of the thalamic radiation, wherein the radiation fibres change direction before entering the internal capsule and from the picture of reticular formation on the cross-sections; consequently, no such layers can be observed in the cases where the radiation fibres run nearly straight into the internal capsule.
3. The NRT was found absent in birds and reptiles, as well as in Monotremata, and appears in Marsupialia and higher orders of mammals alone. Thus, it is a phylogenetically very new formation.
4. The NRT extends never beyond the lateral thalamic nucleus and the pulvinar. NRT cells are found infiltrated into the external medullar plate, so that the NRT is connected through gray matter with the pulvinar and the lateral nucleus; the cells in these three formations are hard to differentiate morphologically. From these findings and the above-described fibre architecture, I am led to the conclusion that the NRT is in one system with the lateral nucleus and the pulvinar, but not entirely identical in nature with these, for it is the phylogenetically newest part of this system.
5. The relative volume of this nucleus is small in Rodentia and the lower orders but larger in Cetacea and the higher orders, but in these higher orders, no special trend of change in the relative volume could be established.
6. The NRT shows no regional specificity and must be deemed as one homogenous nucleus.
7. The NRT is concluded to belong to the so-called thalamic reticular system, and the so-called ascending reticular activating system is once interrupted in the parts of the thalamic reticular system outside the NRT, the diffuse thalamic projection system starting thence is relayed through the NRT and finally runs toward the cerebral cortex.

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In a fetus of cat of the last stage, the tongue papillae are already in nearly full formation. The filiform papillae comprise small and large types, the former found in the peripheral parts of the tip of the dorsum linguae and the latter in the other parts, including the radix linguae.
The small-sized filiform papillae have stocks growing out from the propria into the epithelium and protrude into the oral cavity with their horn-teeth. The large-sized filiform papillae have conspicuous furrows between them and well-developed stocks, but are lower in statue and lose their horn-teeth in the rear parts of the tongue.
The development of the stocks of the small-sized filiform papillae being poor, the number of sensory fibres innervating them is very small, only the better-developed papillary stocks among them being provided with incoming sensory fibres, which end in unbranched and simple branched terminations. Their terminal fibres are usually fine and show little change in size in their courses before they end in sharp or blunt pints subepithelially or sometimes intraepithelially.
The papillary stocks of the large-sized filiform papillae being better developed, sensory fibres as well as vegetative fibres are found always in them. Most of the sensory fibres end in subepithelial simple branched terminations, but their terminal fibres show frequent change in size and marked winding courses and end sharply or bluntly.
The fungiform papillae are found not only in the peripheral but also the more central parts of the dorsum linguae too. The fungiform papillae found amidst the small filiform papillae are much smaller than those amidst the large filiform papillae. A fungiform papilla is always bounded off from the filiform papillae around it by a distinct circular furrow, and is covered on the top side by a non-cornified stratified flat epithelium containing taste-buds but thinner than that facing the furrow. In the basis of their stock, a nerve plexus is sometimes formed containing hemiganglion cells, but usually a mere thick nerve bundle runs up through the stock and spreads out subepithelially. This bundle contains thick sensory and thin vegetative fibres, the former usually ending in simple branched terminations, but more rarely in rather complex branched terminations originating in very thick fibres and having terminal fibres frequently changing in size and winding in their courses. Besides, intraepithelial and especially extra- and intragemmal fibres are in marked development. The vegetative fibres always end in terminal reticula spread out beneath the tastebuds and interestingly enough, in close relation with sensory terminations. The same may be said of the vegetative fibres in the vallate and the foliate papillae mentioned below.
The vallate papillae are covered by a thin stratfied flat epithelium and many taste-buds are found in it on the sides facing the furrow as well as the oral cavity, and a smaller number of them are seen in the outer wall of the surrounding furrow, too. The foliate papillae are found in the rear lateral parts of the dorsum linguae. These have a furrow only on their medial side in adult cat, but in fetal cat, another furrow is found on their lateral side too. Taste-buds are present not only in the epithelium facing these furrows but also in that facing the oral cavity. The tastebuds in the wall of the medial furrow alone are found in adult cat too, but those in the other parts above seemingly degenrate away gradually after birth.
In fetal cat, the vallate and the foliate papillae have already basal plexus containing REMARK's hemiganglion cells formed in their basis. The sensory fibres and the vegetative fibres emerging thence spread out fan-wise toward the epithelium. As in the fungiform papillae, their terminations comprise unbranched and simple branched subepithelial and intraepithelial or intra- and extragemmal terminations.

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In approaching the correlation between hypophysial-adrenocortical and hypophysial-gonadal axis by the cytological observation on cellular elements of anterior lobe of pituitary, adult male rats of WISTAR strain were used as 7 experimental groups treated by any of the following procedures or their combinations, as bilateral adrenalectomy, castration, administration of 2.5mg of cortisone, and 0.05mg of testosterone propionate per day. All animals were sacrified as a rule in 14 day. Pituitary glands were fixed with periodic acid SCHIFF's reaction (PAS) or a modified aldehyde fuchsin (AF).
The definite changes destined to occured both in alpha and beta-cells following the bilateral adrenalectomy (c. f. TOMONARI 1957) have almost disappeared 14 days after the operation with the exception of some ectomy-induced signs, i. e. the occurrence of fat droplets either in the cell-body or sinusoidal lumina. 14 days following castration, alpha-cells became somewhat atrophic with the consequent result of decreasing number of both intracellular mitochondria and fine granules. Gonadotrophs provided with a pattern of spherical enlarged cytoplasm which includes a signet-ring, and which usually faintly stained with PAS, showed a marked cell population, especially accumulated in so-called sex zone, and contained expanded signet-rings, whereas thyrotrphs characterized by the condensed protrudent contour whose cytoplasm is strongly stained with PAS decreased pronouncedly in number.
14 days after the adrenalectomy and castration in combination, alpha-cells which tended to be smaller in size increased in number, thyrotrophs, on the contrary, manifested an exaggerated reduction both in number and size. However gonadotrophs increased exclusively in parallel to the proliferation of alpha-cells. Thus, by the simultaneous removal of both glands the degree of the changes in alpha-cell resulted in the intermediary step between those of mere respective ablation, while the alterations in beta-cell resembled in nature those of the castration group.
The consecutive administration of cortisone for 14 days to the castrated rats made alpha-cells degenerative or deteriorative, giving an impression of the cell necrosis, which was, however, less seriously than the consumptive sign of those in intact cortisone administered rats. Gonadotrophs considerably proliferated, hypertrophied and hyperplasied, though they were not so much profound as the castration group; a multiplication of gamma-cells may be responsible for the marked reduction in number of thyrotrophs. These observations would mean the preventing ability of the prior castration from the degeneration caused by the injection of cortisone, and further fairly demonstrate the interference activity of cortisone with the pattern of castration.
Prolonged administration of testosterone for 14 day to the adrenalectomized rats produced the numerous alpha-cells with small size in the anterior lobe. It was of particular remark in this experiment that a lot of gonadotrophs almost disappeared, in spite of the reservation of a few number of thyrotrophs; gammar-cells were also compensatorily proliferated. These may involve in the interferential action between the adrenalectomy and injection of testosterone.
Following the prolonged administration of cortisone and testosterone in combination to the intact rats, alpha-cells usually deteriorated extensively to be resulted in the cell shrinkage and collapse. In all areas of the anterior lobe any healthy beta-cell were not detectable; they were always degenerated and decreased in number, and any cells which is to be apparently identified to gonadotrophs no longer take places; there were only observed a restricted number of thyrotrophs with condensed and hyperchromatic cytoplasm; it was a tendency in this case that gamma-cells did not proliferate but be pycnotic.

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We have been studying the comparative histology of the nasal cavity of domestic animals. In this particular paper the sensory innervation of the ethmoid bone of the dog has been emphasized.
The ethmoid bone is divided into two main parts, according to its anatomical structure, namely, the region of the ethmo-turbinate and cribriform plate. Subdivided the ethmo-turbinate into three portions, I, II, and III.
1. The region of the ethmo-turbinate.
Epithelium. The distribution of olfactory cells is poor in the part I, moderate in the part II, and rich in the part III. The shape and the length of olfactory cells differ according to the three parts outlined. The peripheral part of the cell body is thick, and forms a tuft at the enlarged apex. The proximal end rapidly tapers into a thin, smooth filament-a fiber of the olfactory nerve.
Lamina propria. The olfactory glands of BOWMAN are packed tightly in the subjacent connective tissue. Among the olfactory glands, the blood vessels, few kinds of nerve elements, and rich plexus of nerve bundles are existing thickly.
2. The region of the cribriform plate.
In this region comparatively thin nerve bundles are constantly anastomosing and form huge massive nerve trunks which are directed toward the lamina cribriformis.
The nerve fibers are non-myelinated. They are frequently provided with a sheath of SCHWANN. Myelinated nerve fibers are sometimes detected. These combined heterogeneous nerve fibers pass through the openings of the cribriform plate of ethmoid bone.

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The nerve periphery in the human uterus was examined histologically by SUZUKI's improved silver method.
In the myometrium, abundantly distributed vegetative nerve elements form a network of irregular meshes, viz., praeterminal and terminal reticulum. The constituent nerve fibers are composed of protoplasmic strands containing neurofibrils and scattering nuclei of SCHWANN, and argyrophile granules and vacuoles. Along the course of these fibers, there are observed occasinal interstitial cells.
The mode of innervation of the smooth muscle cells of the intrinsic uterine muscle and blood vessels is classified as‘synapse per contiguitatem’, in which exist two types of its proximal pole of the synaps: 1. the latter consists of neuroplasm of the nerve fibers and directly contacts with the effector cells; 2. the interstitial cells are situated intermediately between the nerve fibers and the effector cells so that the latters are indirectly connect with the nerve fibers.
In the endometrium, the terminal reticulum of the vegetative nerve periphery spreads out through the basement layer and partly enters the functional layer. The reticulum is observed sometimes being in a close contact with the uterine glands or blood vessels in the propria. Along the endo-myometrial boundary, are very often found relatively large bundles of the un-mylinated nerve fibers.

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A study was made of the distribution of sensory nerve-endings in the human gum. Sections were cut at 30μ on a freezing microtome and impregnated by SUZUKI's silver-method. The results obtained are as follow:
1. The epithelium of the human gum is of stratified squamous nature and can be divided into the inner and outer border-part. The development of papillae in the outer border epithelium is better than that in the inner border epithelium. The density of the nerve supply in lamina propria of the human gum seems to coordinate with the development of papillae in the locality as in the case of rabbit's palate and tongue.
2. In lamina propria of the human gum there occur many non-capsulated corpuscles. They exhibit a great variety in type. But, the most common form of them belongs to a simple or complex glomerular type. They are mainly composed of a few thick myelinated fibers accompanied with thin fibers derived from an unmyelinated nerve. Beside above mentioned end-organs, the lamellar corpuscle, the capsulated sensory corpuscles resembling KRAUSE's and MEISSNER's are rarely found in lamina propria.
3. In the basal part of the interpapillar cristae of the epithelium there occurs a few aggregation of so-called MERKEL's tactile cells that belong to the first type of tactile cell after IMAKO-SUZUKI, in which a nerve fiber terminates in its cytoplasma under the flat or elliptical nucleus forming a disc-like termination with a vacuole. They are generally found in the lingual side of the human gum.
4. In the human gum, as in other mammals, there occur two sorts of the intraepithelial nerve-fibers forming a simple type of free endings: one is a thick fiber originated from a myelinated nerve and the others are branches of an unmyelinated one. Of these thick nerve-fibers in the latter case, some are branches from the end-organs situated in the same papilla. The thin nerve-fibers tend to be adjacent to the thick fibers only in the latter cases, but in the interpapillar cristae they penetrate independently into the epithelium.
5. The presence of so many nerve-endings, such as glomerular non-capsulated, KRAUSE's, and MEISSNER's corpuscla in lamina propria suggests that human gum has high sensibility.

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