Practica Oto-Rhino-Laryngologica
Online ISSN : 1884-4545
Print ISSN : 0032-6313
ISSN-L : 0032-6313
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Volume 88, Issue 7
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
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  • Inner Ear Function and Individual Differences in Susceptibility to Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
    Yasuo TANAKA
    1995 Volume 88 Issue 7 Pages 835-840
    Published: July 01, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.88.835
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Inner ear physiology has made rapid progress the last 10 years. New devices to facilitate measuring basilar membrane motion in living animals have been developed. It was suggested that the very sharp frequency selectivity of the basilar membrane was possibly due to a feedback force produced by outer hair cell motility. Since Kemp reported otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) in 1978, basic studies of the OAEs have continued. Findings obtained from electrical stimulation of the crossed olivocochlear bundle suggested that the OAEs related to basilar membrane motion are linked with the outer hair cell motility.
    It has been shown morphologically that sensory hairs become brittle to sounds with relatively low levels. The fine transduction system of the outer hair cells is one of the presumed factors of susceptibility. Our previous study revealed that evoked OAEs with prolonged duration (c-EOAEs) were more frequent in ears with dip type hearing loss than in ears without such a loss. The relationship between c-EOAEs and the dip type hearing loss was verified in practical studies of junior high school brass bands. The results suggested that the c-EOAEs might express the individual constitution of the inner ear susceptible to acoustic impairments. The measurement of OAEs will become a useful tool in predicting individual susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss.
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  • A Case of Carotid Body Tumor
    [in Japanese], [in Japanese]
    1995 Volume 88 Issue 7 Pages 842-843
    Published: July 01, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.88.842
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Audible Pulsatile Tinnitus; A Report of Three Cases
    Etsuko YOKOBATAKE, Mitsuru IWAI, Keizo TATE, Kenichi KOZKURA, Taizo TA ...
    1995 Volume 88 Issue 7 Pages 845-850
    Published: July 01, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.88.845
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The purpose of this paper is to remind physicians of the necessity of performing auscultation and angiography in cases of pulsatile tinnitus. Tinnitus is a subjective sensation in the ear and is usually attributed to untreatable inner ear disorders. Pulsatile tinnitus, however, is usually treatable. We report here 3 cases of pulsatile tinnitus in patients with A-V shunts whose tinnitus was audible. Phonocardiograms showed that the murmurs were synchronous with cardiac systole. Angiographic examination revealed A-V shunts. The tinnitus was greatly reduced by occlusion of the responsible arteries with embolisation, coils, and irradiation. Conventional X-ray and MR images failed to reveal any anomalies in our 3 patients. We advise examination with auscultation and angiography in patients with pulsatile tinnitus.
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  • Improvement of Speech Recognition with Zero-Crossing in Patients with Sensorineural Hearing Loss
    Koji MIYATA, Kazuhiko SHOJI, Hisayoshi KOJIMA, Shigeru HIRANO, Shogo S ...
    1995 Volume 88 Issue 7 Pages 851-855
    Published: July 01, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.88.851
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    Although many types of digital hearing aids have been developed, speech recognition with such hearing aids has not been greatly improved in patients with sensorineural hearing loss. We examined speech recognition with a different approach by converting original speech waves to amplitudedichotomized rectangular waves (zero-crossing). Characteristics of zero-crossing are an increase of temporal information of speech and a decrease of frequency information. Japanese sentences converted by zero-crossing were prepared for examination. We tested speech recognition with sentences converted by zero-crossing and with unconverted sentences in 19 patients with sensorineural hearing loss and 14 volunteers with normal hearing.
    The results showed that zero-crossing improved the speech recognition of the patients with the phenomenon of loudness recruitment. In the 11 of 14 patients with recruitment phenomenon (78.6%), the intelligibility of sentences converted by zero-crossing was better than that of unconverted sentences, while for the other patients zero-crossing was not effective. These results suggest that temporal information is also important for speech recognition. The incorporation of zero-crossing in hearing aids is thought to be effective in speech recognition by patients with sensorineural hearing loss.
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  • Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Treated with Maneuvers to Change Head Position
    Takayoshi ITAYA, Hiroya KITANO, Yoshiro YAZAWA, Akira KODAMA, Ichiro K ...
    1995 Volume 88 Issue 7 Pages 857-862
    Published: July 01, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.88.857
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    Several new maneuvers have been described recently which treat benign paroxysmal positional vertigo with head rotations to induce canal debris to move into the utricle. This study compared two maneuvers, the Particle Repositioning Maneuver (PRM) reported by Parnes and Price-Jones and the Liberatory Maneuver (LM) reported by Semont, with treatment by medication only. Thirteen of 15 patients (86.7%) treated with PRM and 8 of 9 (88.9%) treated with LM showed improvement after two weeks. These figures are higher than those obtained by medication alone, 8 out of 26 (30.8%). The superiority of these maneuvers appeared to be in the reduction of the duration of the disease, since an 80% success rate was obtained by medication alone after three months. LM seemed to be a better technique than PRM, since three patients who were not improved with PRM were then treated with LM, and two were cured and one improved.
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  • A New Treatment for Middle Ear Cholesterol Granuloma
    - Prednisolon and Ventilation Tube Insertion -
    Haruo TAKAHASHI, Iwao HONJO, Kyosuke KURATA, Akihiko FUJITA
    1995 Volume 88 Issue 7 Pages 863-866
    Published: July 01, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.88.863
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    A combination of oral Prednisolon and ventilation tube insertion was tried in 5 patients (6 ears) with the primary middle ear cholesterol granuloma manifesting blue eardrums. The patients, aged 6 to 19 years, were given 0.5-4mg/kg of body weight of oral prednisolon tapered over 10 to 14 days, and a ventilation tube was inserted during or immediately after the course of prednisolon. All 6 middle ears have been dry and well ventilated with the ventilation tubes in position with good hearing for 4 to 31 months, and CTs have revealed good aeration of the mastoids. Three courses of this therapy were required to obtain a dry middle ear in 1 of the 6 ears, but only 1 course was necessary in the remaining 5 ears. No serious side effects of this therapy were observed except for transient steroid acne in 1 patient. This combination therapy was considered to be worth trying in the treatment of the middle ear cholesterol granuloma.
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  • Clinical Application of Antidromic Facial Nerve Response
    - Studies in Normal Subjects -
    Hiroaki NAKATANI, Taizo TAKEDA, Haruo SAITO, Masashi HAMADA, Mitsuru I ...
    1995 Volume 88 Issue 7 Pages 867-871
    Published: July 01, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: December 12, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.88.867
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    We recorded antidromic facial nerve responses (AFNRs) in 64 normal ears of 51 subjects who had unilateral and bilateral normal function of the facial nerves to develop criteria for clinical application. The facial nerve was stimulated with a catheter electrode inserted into the parotid duct, and AFNR was recorded with a needle electrode placed mainly at the tympanic annulus immediately posterior to the short process. Stimulus thresholds, latencies and amplitudes were determined. AFNRs were recorded successfully in 58 ears (90.6%). The reasons for unsuccessful recording were failure of insertion of the catheter electrode (3 cases), mistakes of recording (2) and pain (1). The mean stimulus threshold, latency and amplitude was 1.3mA, 2.15ms and 15.5 μV, respectively. Amplitudes of AFNRs varied in each subject. Each parameter was also different on the right and left sides, but differences between serial tests on one side were comparatively small. The authors conclude that AFNR is a very useful method for monitoring facial nerve damage in the temporal bone and that chronological changes of the response on the paralyzed side are the most reliable in the evaluation of facial nerve function.
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  • Clinical Outcome of Long-Term Immunotherapy for Perennial Allergic Rhinitis
    Yoshhharo OHASHI, Yoshiaki NAKAI, Yoshikazu SGIURA, Yoshiharu OHNO, Hi ...
    1995 Volume 88 Issue 7 Pages 873-881
    Published: July 01, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.88.873
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    Immunotherapy has been widely used to treat allergic respiratory disorders and has been shown to be effective in the treatment of respiratory allergy, in particular allergic rhinitis. Improvement usually occurs in approximately 80 percent of patients with perennial rhinitis during the course of immunotherapy. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the clinical outcome of immunotherapy for perennial rhinitis, with special emphasis on the clinical improvement of long-term immunotherapy. This study included 77 patients with perennial rhinitis due to house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae (D. farinae), treated with long-term immunotherapy (more than 36 months: 3 to 18 years) with D. farinae extracts.
    The following results were obtained from answers to questionnaire, a survey of clinical records, and patients'daily recordings of nasal symptoms.
    1. Relief (excellent and moderate improvement) from sneezing attacks, watery hypersecretion, and nasal congestion was noted in 87%, 93.5%, and 84.4%, respectively.
    2. In the majority of the patients alleviation of sneezing attacks and watery hypersecretion occurred during the early phase of treatment. On the other hand, in the vast majority relief from nasal congestion was not achieved during the first year of treatment.
    3. Relief from nasal symptoms increased continuously in over 80% of the patients even after 2 years as immunotherapy proceeded, and sustained clinical relief from nasal congestion persisted even 2 years after the course of treatment.
    4. Moderate or more general improvement was obtained in 88.3% of the patients as judged by the Okuda's criteria, and 84.4% of the patients stated that they were significantly satisfied with longterm immunotherapy. How much each patient was satisfied with immunotherapy depended significantly upon how much his nasal obstruction was improved.
    5. Of the 77 patients studied, two had severe systemic reactions (anaphylaxis) at some time during the immunotherapy.
    Evidence from our clinical study supports the conclusion that immunotherapy is not without risk but is very effective in perennial rhinitis and that the control of nasal congestion in the early phase of treatment is a key to successful immunotherapy.
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  • Sputum Cytology in Diagnosis of Maxillary Sinus Cancer
    Shinya OHASHI, Fumihisa HIRAIDE, Tomoyuki YOSHIDA, Hidenori MARUOKA, H ...
    1995 Volume 88 Issue 7 Pages 883-889
    Published: July 01, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.88.883
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    Positive cytology of the sputum of two patients undergoing screening tests for lung cancer led to a diagnosis of cancer of a maxillary sinus.
    Case 1 was a 55-year-old male who had been treated for chronic bronchitis for several months. His sputum cytology was class V. Roentgenographic and endoscopic examinations of the lower airway showed no abnormalities, but MRI revealed an abnormal shadow in the left maxillary sinus. Open biopsy of the maxillary sinus was performed under general anesthesia. Hsstological examination showed squamous cell carcinoma.
    Case 2 was a 57-year-old male who had a cytological test of his sputum as part of a routine physical examination. The result was class IIIb. No malignancy was seen in roentgenographic and endoscopic examinations of the lower airway but CT revealed an abnormal shadow in the right maxillary sinus. Biopsy of the maxillary sinus lesion was performed under general anesthesia, and histological examination showed a papilloma with a tiny focus of squamous cell carcinoma.
    We examined the sputum cytologically in three other patients with maxillary sinus cancer and three with recurrences of this malignancy. Malignant cells were found in the sputum samples of two of the three patients with untreated advanced maxillary sinus cancer and in the sputum of two of the three with recurrent maxillary sinus cancer.
    The authors conclude that cytological examination of the sputum is useful in the diagnosis of head and neck cancer.
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  • Neurilemmoma (Schwannoma) of the Tongue; Report of a Case
    Mutsumi KUGA, Sohei ENDO, Yoichirou YAMADA, Hideaki KOYAMA, Ryou AJISA ...
    1995 Volume 88 Issue 7 Pages 891-898
    Published: July 01, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.88.891
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    Neurilemmoma (Schwannoma) is a benign tumor of Schwann sheath origin. It may arise wherever Schwann cells exist. It is frequently located in the head and neck but is relatively rare in the oral cavity.
    We treated a 12-year-old girl with a tumor of the right edge of the tongue. The tumor was excised under general anesthesia. It was encapsulated and measured 12×12×11mm. The histopathological diagnosis was neurilemmoma (Antoni type A). A review of the available Japanese literature of the last 60 years (1934 to 1993), disclosed 141 cases of neurilemmoma of the tongue. Our patient is number 142.
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  • Malignant Tumor of Parotid Gland Growing and Proliferating in Parapharyngeal Space and Causing Deafness; A Case Report
    Koji SHIROTORI, Nobuhisa TERADA, Akiyoshi KONNO, Kiyoshi TOGAWA
    1995 Volume 88 Issue 7 Pages 899-904
    Published: July 01, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.88.899
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    Parapharyngeal space tumors are rare, and most of them are benign. We treated a patient with a malignant tumor of the parotid gland that developed in the parapharyngeal space and caused hardness of hearing.
    A 70-year-old-man complained of hardness of hearing in the left ear and tinnitus. One month later he had slight intermittent earache. A soybean sized tumor was found on the left side of his neck. A CT scan showed a left parapharyngeal space tumor. We performed subtotal parotidectomy and radical neck dissection after a cervical incision and lateral mandibulotomy.
    Histopathologic examination revealed adenocarcinoma of the parotid gland, so he was treated with external irradiation and chemotherapy (CAP). After 9 months the primary region was controlled with no evidence of metastasis or recurrence.
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  • Necrotizing Fasciitis of Cervicothoracic Region after Treatment for Tonsillar Carcinoma
    Shinya MATSUNAGA, Shigeru FURUTA, Taijiro IMAKIIRE, Kaneaki HARAGUCHI, ...
    1995 Volume 88 Issue 7 Pages 905-910
    Published: July 01, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.88.905
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    Necrotizing fasciitis is a rare disease characterized by cutaneous necrosis, suppurative fasciitis, and vascular thrombosis. The disease commonly causes a rapidly progressive toxic systemic illness (i. e. toxic shock-like syndrome) in which the mortality has been reported to be between 20 and 36%.
    Necrotizing fasciitis of the neck and chest occurred in a patient with tonsillar carcinoma one month after treatment with surgery and radiotherapy. The patient was admitted to our hospital ICU in renal and respiratory failure, septic shock and DIC. He recovered after treatment which included debridement of necrotized tissue in the cervicothoracic region. Streptococcus pyogenes was solated in blood cultures. We speculated that the bacterial infection might have entered through the incision for tumor resection.
    The recent literature concerning necrotizing fasciitis is reviewed. It is important for otolaryngologists to be aware of this disease since early excision of necrotic tissue and high dose intravenous antibiotics are necessary for patient survival.
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  • Spindle Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx; A Case Report
    Sanson HAN, Hiroyuki KITAMURA, Shin-ichi TAKAGITA, Ryo ASATO, Yuka IWA ...
    1995 Volume 88 Issue 7 Pages 911-915
    Published: July 01, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.88.911
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    Spindle cell carcinoma is a rare controversial lesion which has been reported in many organs including the larynx. It consists of an admixture of carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements.
    We recently treated a 78 year-old male with spindle cell carcinoma of the larynx who complained of hoarseness.
    The tumor was a large polypoid mass originating in the right false cord which had invaded the right vocal cord. We performed total laryngectomy and bilateral modified neck dissection. H-E and keratin staining of the tumor revealed spindle cell carcinoma.
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  • MRSA Infections in Private ENT Clinics
    Eiichi ISHIYAMA, Suguo KANEKO
    1995 Volume 88 Issue 7 Pages 917-923
    Published: July 01, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.88.917
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    An increased number of cases of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection has been reported in hospitalized patients in university hospitals. It is estimated that approximately 16-20% of patients in the otolaryngological departments of such hospitals suffer from MRSA infections. However, accurate statistics of MRSA in outpatients in the private clinics of ENT practitioners have not been compiled.
    The authors attempted to determine the incidence of MRSA infections in outpatients treated in these clinics, using the same OPA staphylococcus agar and epidemiological markers such as phage typing patterns, coagulase type, enterotoxin and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1.
    We found 2% of the MRSA in both private ENT clinics.
    The epidemiological data suggest that MRSA was not of epidemic type.
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  • Continuous Infusion of High Dose Morphine for Pain Management in a Patient with Dysphagia due to Hypopharyngeal Cancer
    Atushi YUTA, Masanori TATEMATSU, Toshiharu TOKURIKI, Eiji YOSHIMRA, Hi ...
    1995 Volume 88 Issue 7 Pages 925-929
    Published: July 01, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.88.925
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    Oral controlled-release morphine tablets (MS contin) are effective for cancer pain, but it is necessary to change the route of medication in head and neck cancer patients with dysphagia.
    A 49-year-old man had a recurrence of metastasis in his neck lymph nodes 8 months after treatment of hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. He was in great pain, but could not swallow tablets because of dysphagia and an orocutaneous fistula. He was treated with continuous high dose infusion of morphine hydrochloride. The cancer pain became worse as the tumor enlarged rapidly, but increasing doses of morphine could control the pain. The morphine was increased to 480mg/day safely and without side effects.
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  • Electrophysiological Gap Detection Test Using Auditory Evoked Brainstem Responses
    Shogo SHINOHARA, Shigeru HIRANO, Kazuhiko SHOJI, Hisayoshi KOJIMA, Iwa ...
    1995 Volume 88 Issue 7 Pages 931-935
    Published: July 01, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.88.931
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    Temporal resolution is an important factor in auditory processing, especially in speech recognition. For evaluation in humans, many experiments such as gap detection test (gap test), have been conducted mostly with psychoacoustic methods. To objectify temporal resolution, we designed an electrophysiological gap test using auditory evoked brainstem responses (ABRs). ABRs were elicited by a probe tone (4 kHz, 75 dBnHL, 2 msec duration, tone burst) with a preceding masker tone (4 kHz, 75 dBnHL, 50 msec duration, tone burst) in 20 young subjects with normal hearing. As two tone intervals (gaps) were shortened from 10 msec by 2 msec, the amplitudes of wave V were decreased and became undetectable. The thresholds for wave V detection regarded as gap detection thresholds ranged from 2 to 6 msec with an average of 4.8 msec, which is similar to the results of the psychoacoustic gap test introduced by Shailer and Moore in 1989.
    This test is useful in the objective evaluation of temporal resolution in humans.
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  • Electrocochleographic Study of Effect of Middle Ear Pressure Change on Hearing
    Makoto HANADA
    1995 Volume 88 Issue 7 Pages 937-945
    Published: July 01, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.88.937
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    Middle ear pressure changes have been thought to cause sensori-neural loss as well as conductive hearing loss. To clarify the degree and mechanism, we used electrocochleography in guinea pigs to investigate electrophysiological changes in the inner ear while positive or negative pressure changes were applied only to the middle ear cavity (middle ear group), or to the external auditory canal and middle ear cavity simultaneously (external-middle ear group).
    1) Significant reductions in action potential (AP) amplitude were found in the middle ear group receiving either positive or negative pressure, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. No significant reductions were found in the external-middle ear group regardless of whether positive or negative pressure was applied.
    2) Significant reductions in summating potential (SP) amplitude and SP/AP ratio were found in the middle ear group receiving positive pressure. There was wide variation in the changes observed in the middle ear group receiving negative pressure. The external-middle ear group receiving negative pressure showed greater reductions in SP amplitude and SP/AP ratio than the group receiving positive pressure, implying a difference in the changes in stiffness of the inner ear windows between the two groups.
    3) Rebound phenomenon in SP amplitude and SP/AP ratio was found in the middle ear group when positive pressure in the middle ear cavity was released, implying secondary effects on hearing due to inner ear pressure changes.
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  • Eperisone Treatment for Dizziness, Vertigo, Hearing Loss and Tinnitus
    Masahiro MIZUNO, Yasuya NONURA, Ken KITAMURA, Tatsuya YAMASOBA, Masato ...
    1995 Volume 88 Issue 7 Pages 947-953
    Published: July 01, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.88.947
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    The effectiveness, safety and usefulness of Eperisone were evaluated in 86 patients with dizziness or vertigo, hearing loss and tinnitus in a six-institution open trial. The patients also complained of headache, stiff shoulders or stiff neck. Headache, stiff shoulders and stiff neck were markedly relieved with headache disappearing completely in 46%.
    Dizziness and vertigo responded subjectively and objectively to treatment in 51% of patients. Hearing loss and tinnitus, however, were unchanged. Side effects were noted in only 4.1%, and they were mild.
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  • Long-Term Low-Dose Roxithromycin (RXM) Therapy for Chronic Sinusitis
    Junji TAKEDA, Hiroshi FURUTA, Nozomu MORI, Asako KOSIMUNE, Yutaka IKED ...
    1995 Volume 88 Issue 7 Pages 955-960
    Published: July 01, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.88.955
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    Thirty-one patients with chronic sinusitis were treated with 150 mg of roxithromycin (RXM) per day for 12 weeks.
    The percentages of patients with an excellent or a good subjective response after 12 weeks of therapy were: 37.9% with reduced frequency of nose blowing, 37.9% with increased ease of nose blowing, 36.0% with reduced frequency of postnasal drip, 36.0% with easier removal of postnasal drip, 45.9% with less nasal obstruction, 40.0% with less headache, 45.5% with improved sense of smell.
    Objective findings were reduced as follows: redness of the nasal mucosa in 31.8%, edema of the nasal mucosa in 34.4%, quantity of the nasal discharge in 48.3%. The quality of the nasal discharge was improved in 48.3%, and the X-ray findings in the maxillary sinus (36 sides) were improved in 11.1%, and in the ethmoid sinus (38 sides) in 10.5%.
    The percentages of patients improved after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of therapy were not significantly different.
    No side effects of RXM were noted during this investigation.
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  • Effects of Tsumura Co's Bakumon Doto against Xerostomia and Pharyngoxerosis
    Sumio SUGANO, Suguru TAZAWA, Isamu TAKEYAMA, [in Japanese], [in Japane ...
    1995 Volume 88 Issue 7 Pages 961-966
    Published: July 01, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: December 12, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.88.961
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    A multicenter study was carried out in 24 institutions in Kanagawa prefecture. The subjects were 113 male and 145 female patients, ranging in age from 28 to 86 years (mean 63.7), who complained of dryness of the mouth and throat. The following illnesses were diagnosed: xerostomia and pharyngoxerosis in 161; radiation xerostomia and pharyngoxerosis in 56; chronic pharyngitis with dry mouth and throat in 22; and Sjögren's syndrome in 7; 11 patients had other symptoms. The subjects were given a 3-gram pack of granules of Tsumura Co's Bakumon Doto extract three times a day before each meal. Their subjective symptoms and objective signs were examined prior to administration and two and four weeks after the beginning of therapy.
    1. Overall improvement rates: There was significant improvement in 11%; moderate improvement in 31%; slight improvement in 35%; no change in 23%; and worsening in 1%.
    2. Patients' impressions: Significant improvement; moderate improvement by 35%, some improvement by 28%, and no change by 24%.
    3. Time of appearance of effect: Of those patients who experienced changes in their symptoms, 15% experienced them during the first week, 74% by the end of the second week, 78% by the end of the third week, and 100% by the end of the fourth week.
    4. Overall improvement rates according to illness: Of those patients whose symptoms were significantly or somewhat reduced, 68% of those with chronic pharyngitis said that the medicine was effective; 42% of those with xerostomia and pharyngoxerosis; 30% of those with radiation xerostomia; and 14% of those with Sjögren's syndrome.
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  • Prevention of Deafness and Hearing Impairment in WHO
    [in Japanese]
    1995 Volume 88 Issue 7 Pages 968-969
    Published: July 01, 1995
    Released on J-STAGE: November 04, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5631/jibirin.88.968
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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