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Souichi Murata, Kazuhiro Nozaki
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
2825-2828
Published: 2002
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Exact solutions describing a uniformly expanding or contracting gas sphere of the polytoropic index 3 and an isothermal gas cylinder under gravity are presented by means of the method of renormalization group symmetries.
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Yukihiro Kurimoto, Yorihiko Tsunoda
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
2827-2828
Published: 2002
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The atomic short range order of Pd–Ti and Pt–Ti alloys with a Ti concentration of about 10 at.% was studied by neutron diffraction. Temperature-independent diffuse satellite peaks were observed at incommensurate positions on the [100] axis. Due to the various properties of the diffuse satellite peaks, a concentration wave of constituent atoms appeared as a reflection of the special shape of the Fermi surfaces of the alloys. Its relationship to the Pt
8Ti superlattice structure is discussed.
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Junji Sakurai, Akira Iwasaki, Qingfeng Lu, Dexuan Huo, Yosikazu Isikaw ...
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
2829-2831
Published: 2002
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The thermoelectric power, S, of samples of CePt
1-xNi
x has been measured as a function of temperature, T, from 2 K to room temperature. The present samples are the ternary alloy system of CeNi [an intermediate valence (IV) compound] and of CePt, one of the few compounds classified as a Kondo-ferromagnet. The S(T) curves present a continuous evolution through the compositions studied. For the richer Ni compounds x>0.9 we recover the characteristic features of the IV compounds while for the rest of the ordered compounds, S(T) presents a complex structure reflecting the competition of RKKY and Kondo interactions. The initial slopes, α, of the S(T), estimated at T=0, have the same variation as the electronic specific-heat coefficient, γ, with the Ni concentration, x, presenting a broad maximum at around x=0.85, near to the concentration of disappearance of the ferromagnetic order.
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Naoki Momono, Toshiaki Matsuzaki, Migaku Oda, Masayuki Ido
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
2832-2835
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The electronic specific heat C
el was measured for La
2-xSr
xCuO
4 to examine the superconducting condensation energy at T=0, U
0. We reconfirmed that U
0 is markedly reduced even in slightly underdoped samples whose T
c's are still more than 30 K. The reduction of U
0 results from the suppression of the effective superconducting gap, in addition to that of the density of states at the Fermi level E
F, caused by the pseudogap formation in the normal state. The doping-level ( p) dependence of U
0 as well as T
c can be explained over a wide p range by introducing an effective energy gap Δ
eff=β pΔ
0 (β=4.5) instead of Δ
0, where Δ
0 is the maximum gap at T<< T
c.
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Genfu Chen, Shigeo Ohara, Masato Hedo, Yoshiya Uwatoko, Kazuya Saito, ...
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
2836-2838
Published: 2002
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We succeeded in growing a single crystal of Ce
2CoIn
8 by the flux method. The results of specific heat and electrical resistivity measurements indicate that Ce
2CoIn
8 is a heavy-fermion superconductor below 0.4 K with an electronic specific heat coefficient γ as large as 500 mJ/K
2mol-Ce.
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Kazuhiko Deguchi, Makariy A. Tanatar, Zhiqiang Mao, Takehiko Ishiguro, ...
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
2839-2842
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We studied the specific heat and thermal conductivity of the spin-triplet superconductor Sr
2RuO
4 at low temperatures and under oriented magnetic fields H. We resolved a double peak structure of the superconducting transition under magnetic field for the first time, which provides thermodynamic evidence for the existence of multiple superconducting phases. We also found a clear limiting of the upper critical field H
c2 for the field direction parallel to the RuO
2 plane only within ± 2°. The limiting of H
c2 occurs in the same H–T domain of the second superconducting phase; we suggest that the two phenomena have the same physical origin.
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Tomohiko Nakajima, Hiroshi Kageyama, Hideki Yoshizawa, Yutaka Ueda
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
2843-2846
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New metal-ordered manganites RBaMn
2O
6 can be classified into three groups based on the structural and electromagnetic properties measured. The first group (R=Tb, Dy and Ho) shows three successive phase transitions, namely, structural, charge/orbital order (CO) and antiferromagnetic order (AF) transitions on cooling, as observed in YBaMn
2O
6. The second group (R=Sm, Eu and Gd) exhibits a CO transition, followed by an AF transition. The third group (R=La, Pr and Nd) exhibits a metallic ferromagnetic transition, followed by an A-type AF transition in PrBaMn
2O
6 and NdBaMn
2O
6. Compared with metal-disordered (R
0.53+A
0.52+)MnO
3, RBaMn
2O
6 has two remarkable features: (1) the high CO transition temperature (T
CO) above 340 K and (2) the presence of a structural transition above T
CO in the first group. These are closely related to the structural feature that the MnO
2 sub-lattice is sandwiched by two types of rock-salt layers, RO and BaO, with different lattice sizes.
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Makoto Yoshida, Keiichi Koyama, Makoto Shirakawa, Akira Ochiai, Kazuo ...
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
2847-2850
Published: 2002
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Cyclotron resonance (CR) measurements on a single crystal of CeSb have been performed at temperatures between 1.6 K and 10 K in the frequency range from 50 to 110 GHz. We have successfully observed several CR absorption lines at low temperatures. For magnetic fields in the [001] direction, the determined effective masses are between 0.3 and 1.5m
0.
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Jenn-Shyong Hwang, Chung-Chih Chang, Mei-Fei Chen, Chia-Wei Kuo, Yan-T ...
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
2851-2854
Published: 2002
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In a surface–intrinsic-n
+ (SIN
+) structure, the strong electric field in the intrinsic layer gives rise to level splitting (∼20 meV) between heavy-hole (HH) and light-hole (LH) bands. This causes inaccuracy in the traditional scaling Fourier analysis of photoreflectance (PR). In this work, we present a novel technique for obtaining the valence-band split from the Fourier spectrum of PR of GaAs. A linear combination of the FKO spectra of HH and LH is adopted as a trial function. Besides two linear coefficients, the band gaps for HH and LH are also treated as adjusted parameters. We develop an efficient algorithm for fitting the trial function to the PR spectrum in Fourier space. The field-induced splits are observed in PR spectra obtained under various pump beam intensities.
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Takayuki Makino, Yusaburo Segawa
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
2855-2858
Published: 2002
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Recently, the absorption-edge singularity model accounting for the interaction between excess electrons and photocreated holes has been applied to room-temperature optical spectra in n-type ZnO epilayers [T. Makino
et al.: Phys. Rev. B
65 (2002) 121201(R)]. This model predicts that the onset of the spectrum should exhibit a power-law singularity of the form [(E-E
1)
-α] with the threshold energy of E
1 located near the fundamental gap. The results of our fitting using this model are in fairly good agreement with available experimental data obtained for MgZnO thin films, which were reported by Kang
et al. [Solid State Commun.
115 (2000) 127]. The power exponent α, which is related to the magnitude of screening between photocreated carriers relative to that provided by excess electrons, was enhanced with the incorporation of Mg and had a maximum at the Mg concentration of 8%. The possible reasons for this enhancement are discussed.
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Yoshihiro Yamazaki, Sayako Tateda, Atsushi Awazu, Taichi Arai, Osamu M ...
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
2859-2862
Published: 2002
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We present experimental results regarding the dynamical property of granular flow through a vertical glass pipe under the control of inflow rate. It was found that there exists a critical inflow rate for the formation of density waves. The power spectrum of the density waves exhibits clear power-law behavior, S( f) ∼ f
-α, with α\simeq 4/3. This value of α is robust under variation of inflow rate.
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Yutaka Maniwa, Hiromichi Kataura, Masatoshi Abe, Shinzo Suzuki, Yohji ...
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
2863-2866
Published: 2002
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In materials confined within nanometer channels in single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) bundles, interesting properties which are not observed in bulk materials are expected. In the present paper, we report an X-ray diffraction (XRD) study on water adsorption in SWNT bundles. It was found that a substantial amount of water is absorbed inside SWNTs at room temperature (RT). The desorption-adsorption of water molecules occurred reversibly above RT. We found that the liquid-like water is transformed into a new solid form, i.e., ice nanotubes, at 235 K.
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Ryogo Hirota, Hideyuki Yahagi
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
2867-2872
Published: 2002
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We investige discrete equations which return to the initial states after a finite time regardless of the initial values, which we call “recurrence equations”. The recurrence equation exhibits conserved quantities which are expressed by the fundamental symmetric polynomials of solutions, x
n+1, x
n+2,…, x
n+N to the equations of period N. We show that the recurrence equation is integrable by using algebraic entropy and the conserved quantities. We present new recurrence equations of order k (k≥ 2) which have periods k+1 and 2k+2, respectively.
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Hidemitsu Furukawa, Shunsuke Hirotsu
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
2873-2880
Published: 2002
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General equations for photon-correlation functions measured by dynamic-light-scattering on inhomogeneous, non-ergodic systems are presented. In contrast to previous studies on the same subject, our derivation includes the most general case that is free from any assumption on the nature of dynamic fluctuations. The present treatment provides a guideline for applying a dynamic-light-scattering technique to investigate dynamic properties of disordered systems in their most general situation where not only static but also dynamic properties depend on position. The well known Siegert relation and Pusey–van Megen equation are shown to be derivable as a special case in our general treatment. Application of the derived equations to real polymeric gel systems is discussed. As further developments, our formulation will be of use in studies of phase transitions and critical phenomena in complex systems.
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Jirohta Kasagi, Hideyuki Yuki, Taiji Baba, Takashi Noda, Tsutomu Ohtsu ...
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
2881-2885
Published: 2002
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The excitation functions of the yield of protons emitted in the D(d,p)T reaction in Ti, Fe, Pd, PdO and Au were measured for bombarding energies between 2.5 and 10 keV. It was found that the reaction rate at lower energies varies greatly with the host materials. The most strongly enhanced DD reaction occurs in PdO. At E
d=2.5 keV, it is enhanced by factor of fifty from the bare deuteron rate and the screening energy deduced from the excitation function amounts to 600 eV. An enhancement of this size cannot be explained by electron screening alone but suggests the existence of an additional and important mechanism of the screening in solids.
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Raita Wada, Seiji Tsurubuchi
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
2886-2890
Published: 2002
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The intensity of light emission from excited Al atoms sputtered from a metal surface strongly depends on the degree of oxygen coverage θ of the target surface. Desorption cross section of an adsorbed oxygen atom by Ar
+ bombardment was obtained for a polycrystalline Al surface by means of a time transient spectroscopic technique. The results obtained is (3.7± 0.2)× 10
-16 cm
2 for the Al polycrystalline target at the projectile energy of 40 keV. The initial sticking probability s
0 of an adsorbing oxygen atom was estimated and the value obtained agreed to the reported values within experimental errors. A very sharp spike in intensity was found to appear for the resonance line of Al atom sputtered from the Al surface in a transient experiment when the oxygen coverage becomes large (θ ∼ 1) in addition to a decay curve usually observed with a large time constant.
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Tsuyoshi Fukuo, Katsuhiro Nakamura
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
2891-2897
Published: 2002
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We study time evolution of the interacting system consisting of quantized photon field and electron field in semiconductor superlattices analytically/numerically. In the single-subband condition, the electron dynamics is able to generate several nonclassical photon states depending on the external dc bias. Effects of the intersubband transition for the quantized photon states is investigated in the multi-subband condition. Competition of two-kinds of intersubband electron dynamics, Rabi oscillation and Zener tunneling, is discussed.
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Jiro Mizushima, Hiroki Tanaka
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
2898-2906
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Transition routes of natural convection in a vertical fluid layer contained in a tall cavity with differentially heated side walls are investigated theoretically on the assumption of two-dimensional flow field. Steady-state solutions are calculated by solving the steady-state equations numerically, and their stability is investigated by applying the linear stability theory. Periodic-state solutions are also obtained by numerical simulations. Bifurcation diagram of the steady- and periodic-state solutions is obtained and the routes of transition of the natural convection reported so far are interpreted according to the diagram. It is found that the bifurcation diagram is very complicated in a limited range of the Rayleigh number, whereas it is quite simple out of the range. The dependence of heat transfer between the two vertical walls on the flow pattern of the convection is also discussed.
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Hirohito Kiwata
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
2907-2917
Published: 2002
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We investigate stability of a cylindrical domain in a phase-separating binary fluid under a Poiseuille flow. Linearization for a couple of the Navier–Stokes and Cahn–Hilliard equations around stationary solutions leads to an eigenvalue problem, a solution of which yields a stability eigenvalue. The stability eigenvalue is composed of a term originated from the hydrodynamic Rayleigh instability and that from the diffusive instability. Concerning the stability eigenvalue of the hydrodynamic instability, a set of equations is obtained from boundary conditions at an interface and a solution of the equations yields the stability eigenvalue. In case of equal viscosity, the analytic formula of the solution is obtained without an external flow. The Tomotika's stability eigenvalue with the equal viscosity [Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A
150 (1935) 322] is shown to agree with the Stone and Brenner's result [J. Fluid Mech.
318 (1996) 373] explicitly. The Poiseuille flow has an effect of mixing an unstable axisymmetric mode with stable nonaxisymmetric modes, so that the two instability are suppressed. A radius of a stable cylindrical domain depends on a distance from the center of the Poiseuille flow. We estimate a Reynolds number under an external flow. Validity of the Stokes' approximation for the Navier–Stokes equation is confirmed.
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Bhaben Chandra Kalita, Ranjan Das
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
2918-2924
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In this investigation, both compressive and rarefactive Korteweg de Vries (KdV) solitons of high amplitude are shown to exist in a warm plasma under the influence of electrons' drift motion for different values of Q
′ (=m
j/m
i, negative to positive ion mass ratio) greater or less than one. But these KdV solitons of high amplitude are noticed in the plasma for negligible temperature α (=T
i/T
e, ion to electron temperature ratio → 0) for Q
′<1 subject to the electrons' drift motion. Interestingly, the formation of higher amplitude (<1) MKdV solitons in the entire range of drift velocity (v
e′) for Q
′<1 is found as more favourable than those for Q
′>1 in an upper range of v
e′≥ 45 when temperature is small. On the other hand, for concentration of heavier population of negative ions (Q
′>1) in the warm plasma, MKdV solitons of small but significant amplitude are established to exist even in a new range (45≤ v
e′≤ 60).
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Takanao Asahi, Katsuhiko Hasebe
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
2925-2929
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Pressure-temperature dependence of modulation wavenumber was measured by X-ray diffraction in the region of 295 ≤ T ≤ 400 K, 0 ≤ p ≤ 1.3 GPa. Contour map and phase diagram were drawn on p–T plane. Crystal structure of the high pressure phase with modulation wavenumber q=0 was analyzed using X-ray diffraction data at p \cong 1 GPa and T=295 K.
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Shonosuke Ohta, Akihiro Sakamoto
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
2930-2932
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Branching dynamics is studied on two-dimensional diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA). Both tip-growth probability of α\cong 0.785 and probability distribution p
m for branch length m are steady in the DLA cluster of N≥ 5000. A new model branching dynamics controlled only by the tip-growth probability α is proposed. The selection probability of m branch is proportional not to perimeter length but to branch number. We find that the simulation results and the theoretical analysis of the present model for α=0.785 agree with the branched structures of DLA.
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H. B. Guo, X. Y. Li, B. X. Liu
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
2933-2935
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In the equilibrium immiscible Ru–Pd system, the total energies for five possible structures, i.e., A15, D0
9, D0
19, L1
2, and L6
0, with a stoichiometry of RuPd
3 were calculated as a function of lattice constants, based on the Vienna
Ab Initio Simulation Package (VASP). The calculation results predicted that the D0
19, L1
2, and L6
0 structures were relatively stable and had similar energies, if the spin polarization effect of the Ru atoms was considered, and that the L1
2 structure was the most stable one, if the spin polarization effect was considered to be depressed by the crystal field. Interestingly, in ion mixing experiments, a metastable crystalline Ru–Pd phase of fcc structure was indeed obtained in the Ru–Pd multilayered films with an overall composition of Ru
20Pd
80 and its lattice constant determined by diffraction analysis also confirmed the relevance of the
ab initio calculations.
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Yohichi Suzuki, Kazuo Kitahara, Youhei Fujitani, Sumie Kinouchi
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
2936-2943
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Vacancy-assisted diffusion in a crystalline solid can be modeled by means of many particles jumping stochastically to their respective nearest-neighbor lattice-sites with double occupancy forbidden. The diffusion coefficient of a tagged particle, defined in terms of its mean square displacement, depends not only on the transition rate but also on the particle concentration. Nakazato and Kitahara [Prog. Theor. Phys.
64 (1980) 2261] devised a projection operator method to calculate its approximate expression interpolating between the low- and high-concentration limits for a square lattice in any dimension. In this paper, we apply their method to a honeycomb lattice and a diamond lattice, in each of which a set of the nearest-neighbor vectors depends on a site from which they originate. Compared with simulation results, our explicit expression is found to give a good interpolation in each lattice unless the host particles migrate more slowly than the tagged particle.
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Hiroki Minoda
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
2944-2947
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The dc and ac parallel heating procedure was applied for quantitative study of in-phase step wandering (IPSW), which is one of the step instabilities on a Si(111) vicinal surface induced by surface electromigration of Si adatoms. By controlling dc component of heating current (or applied field) and temperature individually, dc current (or dc field) and temperature dependences of the period of the IPSW pattern were investigated. Temperature dependence of an effective charge of Si adatoms on a Si(111) 1×1 surface was evaluated and the effective charge was approximately 0.02 at 1270 K and it linearly decreased with temperature.
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Zhenlian An, Chihiro Kamezawa, Masaaki Hirai, Masahiko Kusaka, Motohir ...
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
2948-2952
Published: 2002
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A systematic study of the valence band structure of Cu
3Si has been performed by soft X-ray emission spectroscopy and a first-principle molecular orbital calculation using the discrete-variational (DV)-Xα cluster model. The existence of Cu 4s, 4p states in the valence band and their important contributions to the valence band as that of Cu 3d are indicated together with previously reported ones. The high-binding energy peak in the Si L
2,3 emission spectrum is considered to originate mainly from the Si–Si 3s bonding state but also have a certain contribution of Si 3s bonding state with Cu 4s, 4p. On the other hand, the low-binding energy peaks in the Si L
2,3 emission band are attributed to both the antibonding states of Si 3s and the bonding states of Si 3d with Cu 4s, 4p and Cu 3d. The bonding states of Si 3s with Cu 4s, 4p and Cu 3d are expected to exist in the lower part of the valence band for η
′-Cu
3Si on the basis of the theoretical calculations. As for Si p states, the high-binding energy peak and the low-binding energy peak in the Si Kβ emission spectrum should be attributed to the Si 3p bonding state and antibonding state with Cu 3d and Cu 4s, 4p, respectively, according to the theoretical calculations. A comparison is made between experimental spectra and theoretical density of states.
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Katsurou Hanzawa, Kazutoshi Takasaki
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
2953-2962
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The moment method for high temperature expansion (HTE) is applied to the coexistent system of interactions of (O
yz, O
zx, O
xy) quadrupole moments and of T
xyz octupole moment, both of which are indispensable for discussing the properties in phase I and II of CeB
6. The moments for HTE have been calculated up to fourth order exactly to give rise to the free energy and up to sixth order relevant to the susceptibility. The results are compared with those from the constant coupling approximation (CCA) to discuss the applicability of the CCA and HTE approximations. Comparison with the experimental results in phase I is also made to reveal the necessity of the interactions between the other moments to explain the properties of phase I, besides the dense Kondo effect being probably effective as well.
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Tsuneyuki Ozaki, Keiichi Yamamoto, Teruto Kanai, Hiroto Kuroda
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
2963-2968
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The observation of millimeter-long jetlike structures in the visible emission from laser-produced plasma is reported, which is produced by longitudinal pumping of preformed plasma with high-intensity 2 ps duration Nd:phosphate glass laser pulse. Clear jets are observed only for a relatively narrow range of the longitudinal pump intensity, from 5 × 10
14 W/cm
2 to 7 × 10
14 W/cm
2. Spectral observation of the jets reveal that the spectrum is dominated by line emission, and not by the continuum. The dominant lines in the visible region originate from neutral and singly-ionized molybdenum ions. The decay time of the jetlike emission is found to be comparable to the typical radiative decay time of the line emission. The present observations are compared with those of plasma bullets by Vogel and Kochan [Phys. Rev. Lett.
86 (2001) 232] is discussed.
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Akira Oguri
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
2969-2974
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We study the high- and low-voltage properties of the out-of-equilibrium Anderson model for quantum dots, using a functional method in the Keldysh formalism. The Green's function at the impurity site can be regarded as a functional of a nonequilibrium distribution function f
eff(ω). The dependence of the Green's function on the bias voltage V and temperature T arises through f
eff(ω). From this behavior as a functional, it is shown that the nonequilibrium Green's function at eV→∞ is identical to the equilibrium one at T→∞. This correspondence holds when the couplings of the dot and two leads, at the left and right, are equal. In the opposite limit, for small eV, the low-energy behavior of the Green's function can be described by the local Fermi-liquid theory up to terms of order (eV)
2. These results imply that the correlation effects due to the Coulomb interaction U can be treated adiabatically in the two limits, at high and low bias voltages.
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Tadashi Kawamoto, Takehiko Mori, Jun-Ichi Yamaura, Yohji Misaki
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
2975-2979
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Crystal structure analysis, transport properties, and ESR study of the new organic conductor (DTEDT)
3Ag(CN)
2, where DTEDT is 2-(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-5-(2-ethanediylidene-1,3-dithiole)-1,3,4,6-tetrathiapentalene, have been carried out. The crystal structure and the energy band structure of the present compound are the same as (DTEDT)
3Au(CN)
2, which shows superconductivity around 4 K at ambient pressure, whereas the electrical resistivity of the Ag(CN)
2 salt shows a metal–semiconductor transition at T
c = 40 K. The increase of the resistivity has been suppressed under a pressure of 10.3 kbar. The ESR spin susceptibility of this salt goes to zero below T
c without divergence of the linewidth. The ground state of (DTEDT)
3Ag(CN)
2 is a nonmagnetic semiconductor.
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Jangil Kim, Bongsoo Kim, Kyung Soo Yi
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
2980-2982
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The conductivity of Kubo linear response theory for a quantum well system of many electrons interacting with impurities and confined by a parabolic potential is formulated via a projection operator technique. A line-width function of the optical absorption spectrum is explicitly obtained in the weak coupling approximation up to the second order of the interaction.
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Tomoya Kishi, Hiroshi Nakanishi, Hideaki Kasai, Ayao Okiji
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
2983-2985
Published: 2002
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We investigate magnetic properties of Fe thin films on Cu(111), within the density functional theory. We calculate the total energy and the magnetic moment as a function of the Fe–Cu interlayer distance d. We find the energy minimum at d=2.16 Å. In this case, the magnetic moment per atom is larger than that in the Fe bulk. We also find that interaction between Fe atoms is ferromagnetic in 2× 2 unit cell. On the basis of numerical results, we discuss the origin of these magnetic properties.
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Tomio Koyama
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
2986-2993
Published: 2002
Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2003
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We investigate the phase dynamics in an intrinsic Josephson-junction array with alternating junction parameters, taking account of both capacitive and inductive couplings between junctions. The dynamical equations for the phase differences are derived in both longitudinal and transverse configurations. In the transverse configuration we derive the explicit expression for the electromagnetic field excited by incident light on the bc-plane with the polarization E || c-axis under the correct boundary conditions. This calculation provides complete description for the
transverse-optical Josephson plasma predicted by van der Marel and Tsvetkov. It is also shown that the formula for the reflection spectrum derived by van der Marel and Tsvetkov in the bc-plane of high-T
c superconductors with alternating block layers is valid in the strong inductive-coupling limit.
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Shigenari Tsuji, Toshiyuki Endo, Shinichiro Kobayashi, Yasuhiro Yoshin ...
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
2994-3002
Published: 2002
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We have studied the specific heat, magnetization and magnetoresistance of Nd
xLa
1-xB
6 (x=0.9, 0.8, 0.7) single crystals and obtained their magnetic phase diagrams. The antiferro (AF) magnetic phase for H || ‹111› is divided into two phases of AFI below H
c1 and AFII
* (or AFII) above H
c1. In the AFI phase, there exists the component of the parallel magnetic susceptibility up to H
c1. The intermediate metamagnetic AFII phase in NdB
6 disappears already for x=0.9 and in place, new AFII
* phase appears. The AFII
* phase is considered to be the spin-canted phase characterized by the perpendicular magnetic susceptibility. However, the magnetization in the AFII
* phase for x=0.9 and 0.8 exhibits the unusual behavior that the extrapolation of the magnetization curve down to H=0 takes a large negative magnetization value. This unusual behavior disappears at x=0.7. These results indicate that the interaction forming the interamediate metamagnetic AFII phase is rapidly suppressed by the La doping and disappears at x∼0.7.
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Hajime Takayama, Koji Hukushima
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
3003-3010
Published: 2002
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The temperature (T)-shift protocol of aging in the 3 dimensional (3D) Edwards–Anderson (EA) spin–glass (SG) model is studied through the out-of-phase component of the ac susceptibility simulated by the Monte Carlo method. For processes with a small magnitude of the T-shift, Δ T, the memory imprinted before the T-shift is preserved under the T-change and the SG short-range order continuously grows after the T-shift with a rate which depends on the temperature. We call this the cumulative memory scenario. For a negative T-shift process with a large Δ T deviation from the cumulative memory scenario has been observed for the first time in numerical simulations. We attribute the phenomenon to the `chaos effect' which, we argue, is qualitatively different from the so-called rejuvenation effect observed just after the T-shift.
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Hisashi Kondo
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
3011-3015
Published: 2002
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In order to improve analyses of anomalous or non-Fermi liquid properties of certain heavy electron systems the self-consistent renormalization theory of spin fluctuations is extended to include spatial anisotropy of systems, introducing an anisotropy parameter (0 ≤ r
z ≤ 1) to interpolate between 2 and 3 dimensions. Physical properties in quantum critical regime and at higher temperatures are shown to be interpolated smoothly between 2 and 3 dimensions. In particular, the temperature range of T ln T-dependence of the specific heat expands with increasing spatial anisotropy (r
z → 0). A few example analyses of experimental results are given.
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Yoshihiko Kobayashi, Miho Itoi, Norimichi Kojima, Kichizo Asai
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
3016-3020
Published: 2002
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We have investigated the hydrostatic pressure effect on the charge-transfer phase transition between Fe
II and Fe
III in a mixed-valence iron complex, (n-C
3H
7)
4N[Fe
IIFe
III(dto)
3] (dto = C
2O
2S
2) up to 0.9 GPa. The transition temperature of the charge-transfer phase transition increases almost linearly with increasing applied hydrostatic pressure (∼100 K/GPa), while the ferromagnetic Curie temperature (T
c ∼ 7 K) changes only slightly. The results suggest that the applied hydrostatic pressure stabilizes the low-temperature phase [Fe
II(S=0)–Fe
III(S=5/2)] through the compression of the lattice volume. A phenomenological model taking into account the elastic interactions as a molecular-field explains the characteristics of the charge-transfer phase transition. The analysis of the results of the model calculation suggests that the lattice volume of the high-temperature phase is only about 0.2% larger than that of the low-temperature phase, and a lattice deformation of [Fe
IIFe
III(dto)
3] molecules without the lattice expansion plays an important role in the first-order character of the charge-transfer phase transition.
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Kazuo Hida
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
3021-3023
Published: 2002
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The ground state phase transitions in the distorted S=1 kagomé Heisenberg antiferromagnet (KHAF) with single-site anisotropy D are studied by the numerical exact diagonalization method. For strong easy plane anisotropy, the hexgonal singlet solid (HSS) ground state of the uniform KHAF is destroyed and large-D state is realized. The quantum phase transition between these two states is analogous to the Haldane-large-D transition in the S=1 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain. The combined effect of the √3× √3 lattice distortion and single site anisotropy is also investigated. The ground state phase diagram expected from the numerical results is presented. The presence of this transition is consistent with the HSS picture of the ground state of the uniform S=1 KHAF and supports its validity.
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Koji Kaneko, Kenji Ohoyama, Susumu Katano, Masaaki Matsuda, Hideya Ono ...
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
3024-3029
Published: 2002
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Detailed neutron diffraction measurements on a single crystalline TbB
2C
2 in which magnetic field induced antiferroquadrupolar orderings are realised have been performed to understand characteristics of the transition under zero magnetic field. The results indicate that the magnetic transition phenomena consist of development of at least three magnetic components: (1) a dominant antiferromagnetic component which develops below T
N=21.7 K, (2) a weak long periodic component which develops below about 18 K, and (3) anomalous components with broad magnetic scatterings which develop below about 50 K, which can not be understood by only a short range magnetic ordering. Since these three components develop independently, the transition phenomena in TbB
2C
2 are much more complicated than expected from a typical λ-type anomaly at T
N in the temperature dependence of magnetic specific heat.
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Yasushi Kinoshita, Machiko Nishino, Hiroumi Ishii
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
3030-3036
Published: 2002
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Recently Kitazawa
et al. have found experimentally that the Van Vleck paramagnet PrPtAl shows canted order below 5.8 K. Paying attention to the crystal structure we study theorerically its magnetic properties. PrPtAl takes orthorhombic structure with space group Pnma. There exist four units of PrPtAl in the unit cell. The crystalline electric field (CEF) at one Pr ion is related to those at other three Pr ions by inversion and mirror reflection, respectively. Thus the Van Vleck susceptibility tensors for four sites are classified into two groups and their principal axes become the mirror reflection of another. The magnetization which tends to align along the easy axes of the Van Vleck susceptibility tensor at each sites is forced by the isotropic exchange interaction and then canted magnetic order can occur. On the basis of a simplified CEF Hamiltonian, mean field calculation is done, which reproduces some charactaristics of the experimental results.
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Makoto Yokoyama, Hiroshi Amitsuka, Keitaro Kuwahara, Kenichi Tenya, To ...
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
3037-3042
Published: 2002
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Low temperature properties of the dilute uranium alloys La
1-xU
xRu
2Si
2 (x≤ 0.07) have been investigated by means of magnetic susceptibility χ, magnetization m, specific heat C
P and electrical resistivity ρ measurements to clarify the single-U-site effects of URu
2Si
2. Local 5f electrons show a strong magnetic anisotropy along the tetragonal c axis, as is observed in other dilute alloys Th
1-xU
xRu
2Si
2 and Y
1-xU
xRu
2Si
2. As temperature is lowered below ∼60 K, the c-axis susceptibility χ
c follows a ln T function, and ρ
decreases in proportion to χ
c. The 5f electronic specific heat C
P5f/T exhibits a broad peak at ∼10 K. The entropy change associated with this anomaly below 30 K is estimated to be only about 0.3Rln 2. Although the local Fermi liquid behavior is observed in χ, C
P and ρ at very low temperatures, the ln T decrease in ρ and the small entropy change provide a remarkable contrast with those expected in the usual magnetic dilute alloys.
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Takeshi Miyashita, Yoshiaki Kobayashi, Toshihiko Fukamachi, Hiroyasu M ...
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
3043-3046
Published: 2002
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Samples of La
4Co
3O
10+δ with δ∼ 0.1, 0.3 and 0.6 have been prepared. For δ∼ 0.1, the crossover-like changes of the spin state at ∼100 K and ∼550 K have been confirmed by the measurements of the magnetic susceptibility. At ∼550 K, we have observed for the sample the anomalous T-dependence of the electrical resistivity and the thermoelectric power. Its NMR spectra exhibit the very large broadening at low temperatures due to the antiferromagnetic ordering. NMR spectra of the sample with δ∼ 0.6 show that there exist two kinds of Co atoms: The NMR signal intensity of one of the two with the larger relaxation rate 1/T
2 decreases, while the intensity of the other with the smaller 1/T
2 increases, with decreasing T below 100 K, which indicates that the spectra of the latter are from the Co
3+ in the low spin state. The T-dependence of 1/T
1 shows the existence of the energy difference between the low spin (spin S=0) and intermediate spin (S=1) states of the order of 100 K.
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Kazuo Gesi
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
3047-3051
Published: 2002
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Effect of hydrostatic pressure on the phase transitions in deuterated crystal [N(CD
3)
4]
2CuCl
4 have been studied by dielectric measurements. The pressure–temperature ( p–T) phase diagram was obtained and compared with that of the hydrogen compound. By deuteration the boundary region between the atomspheric-pressure incommensurate phase (phase II: q<(1/3)/c
0*) and the presssure-induced incommensurate phase (phase II': q>(1/3)c
0*) shifts toward lower pressure side. (q: the modulation wave vector, c
0*: the reciprocal unit cell vector in the normal phase) Deuteration shifts the pressure-induced ferroelectric phase to lower pressure by about 40 MPa. The result shows that the effect of deuteration on the phase stability in [N(CH
3)
4]
2CuCl
4 is equivalent to application of hydrostatic pressure. This deuteration effect is opposite tendency to that of other [N(CH
3)
4]
2XCl
4-type crystals.
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Tsuyoshi Okuno, Mitsuhiro Nomura, Yasuaki Masumoto, Yoshikazu Terai, S ...
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
3052-3058
Published: 2002
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We report the photoluminescence and excitation spectra of CdTe self-assembled quantum dots grown by molecular beam epitaxy in ZnTe. In photoluminescence excitation spectra, multiple longitudinal-optical (LO) phonon structures up to the 19th order are observed even above ZnTe-matrix energy, and the wetting layer was clarified. Photoluminescence spectra of CdTe quantum dots having LO phonon structures under quasi-resonant excitation show that CdTe dots are surrounded by Zn
xCd
1-xTe (x∼0.8, where x ranges from 0.5 to 1). Phonon-mediated carrier relaxation is discussed. Photoexcited carriers forming excitons are relaxed by emitting multiple LO phonons of the ZnTe matrix successively from the higher energy state of the matrix to the wetting layer. At the wetting layer, involved LO phonons are transformed to those of Zn
xCd
1-xTe surrounding the CdTe dots. ZnTe-like and CdTe-like LO phonons and, lastly, acoustic phonons, are emitted in relaxation to the CdTe-dot state.
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Tadashi Kawamoto, Minoru Ashizawa, Takehiko Mori, Takashi Yamamoto, Ju ...
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
3059-3064
Published: 2002
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Low-temperature crystal structure and optical properties of the quasi-one-dimensional organic conductor (ChTM-TTP)
2GaCl
4 (ChTM-TTP: 2-[4,5-(1,2-cyclohexylenedithio)-1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene]-5-[4,5-bis(methylthio)-1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene]-1,3,4,6-tetrathiapentalene) have been investigated. As the temperature lowers, the disordered anion transforms to an ordered state with a superstructure wave vector of q=(1/2,0,1/2). The peak intensities of the superlattice gradually increase in the metallic region, and are saturated below 150 K; this indicates that the charge localization below 150 K is independent of the evolution of the superlattice. The reflectance spectra of (ChTM-TTP)
2X suggest the existence of moderate interchain interactions. The transverse interactions are more pronounced in the GaCl
4 salt (t
⊥/t
|| ≈ 1/7) than the AuBr
2 and Au(CN)
2 salts. The low-temperature optical reflectance of the GaCl
4 salt shows no significant change, indicating that (ChTM-TTP)
2GaCl
4 goes to an insulating state with a small charge gap, which is consistent with the transport property. The low-frequency peak in the chain-axis optical conductivity is attributed to a correlation gap, though the expected on-site Coulomb repulsion U is relatively small.
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Koshi Takenaka, Shunsuke Okuyama, Shunji Sugai, Mikhail Yu. Maksimuk
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
3065-3068
Published: 2002
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Optical reflectivity study of Nd
0.5Sr
0.5MnO
3 using cleaved surfaces demonstrates that the optical spectra are susceptible to the surface deterioration for the ferromagnetic-metallic as well as the charge-ordered phases. The charge gap estimated from the spectrum obtained on the polished surface (≤0.1 eV) is much smaller than that estimated from the spectrum obtained on the cleaved surface (>0.5 eV). The
CE-type charge-ordered state can be easily damaged by disorder. The optical conductivity in the metallic phase exhibits a mid-infrared structure in addition to the metallic Drude peak. This indicates that short-range charge ordering persists even in the metallic phase.
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A. Baumketner, Y. Hiwatari
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
3069-3079
Published: 2002
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In this paper we study the influence of the hydrodynamic interaction on the folding process in minimal protein models. In minimal models entire protein residues (or groups of residues) are represented at a simplified level by interacting beads. In a viscous medium such as water the beads are subject to the hydrodynamic interaction: when one of the beads is set in motion incited thereby velocity field exert force on all the remaining beads. This effective interaction is accounted for in our simulations through the Rotne–Prager mobility tensor. We considered two types of chain molecules, a β hairpin and an α helix, designed to represent the proteins' most common secondary structure elements. Both thermodynamical and dynamical properties of the examined models were studied by using Brownian dynamics simulations. It was found that the effect of the hydrodynamic interaction on the folding process of a protein depends on the geometry of its native state. In the case of the β protein the hydrodynamic interaction lowers the temperature of collapse and folding transitions. Kinetically, the position at which the temperature dependence of the folding time has a minimum is shifted significantly towards lower temperatures and the minimal folding time itself grows by a factor of 2. As to the α helix, the hydrodynamic interaction affects neither its thermodynamics nor kinetics. We speculate that the observed difference in the behaviour of β and α proteins is connected with the differing mechanisms by which these proteins fold.
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Mitsuaki Ginoza
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
3080-3086
Published: 2002
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The theory in the previous paper [J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.
69 (2000) 618] is extended for the interaction between two charged colloidal particles immersed in an electrolytic solution. An exact and explicit expression of the interaction is presented. The interaction is determined by solution-structures in the bulk and near the surface of colloidal particle. A similar result is also obtained for the density profile of micro-particles in the radial direction of colloidal particle. In order to compare the theory with the ones published so far, the case is discussed that the correlations between micro-ions and neutral atoms are neglected; the interaction potential consists of the van der Waals potential, the potential Φ
cc(sol)(r) mediated by neutral atoms, and the electrostatic potential Φ
cc(e.s.)(r). Potential Φ
cc(sol)(r) is the one in the previous theory, while Φ
cc(e.s.)(r) is an extention of the DLVO potential in the sense that Φ
cc(e.s.)(r) is taken into account consistently the strong nonlinear effects through the effective charge and size of colloidal particle.
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Jiang Cai, Yoshiyasu Kato, Atsushi Ogawa, Yoshifumi Harada, Meiro Chib ...
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
3087-3091
Published: 2002
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Experimental evidence of chaotic dynamics during a slow relaxation process with very low frequency magnetization auto-oscillations in magnon systems is presented. A ferromagnetic resonance experiment using a sphere of pure yttrium iron garnet (YIG) at the X-band pumping frequency within the coincidence regime reveals a slow relaxation process with a long tail after a stepwise drop in external pumping power. The relaxation process is found to follow a power-law with time as a transient process involving a transition of local dynamics from a quasi-periodic state to a chaotic state as the collapse of torus.
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Akira Kuriki, Yutaka Moritomo, Yasuo Ohishi, Kenichi Kato, Eiji Nishib ...
Article type: General Physics
Subject area: Mathematical methods in physics.
2002 Volume 71 Issue 12 Pages
3092-3093
Published: 2002
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