In recent years, "Regional Experience Seekers" have been attracting attention, mainly in ruralareas. They come from outside of a region, but contribute to regional development. They are said to play an important role in today's declining rural areas. However, it remains unknown how many people visit rural areas and what activities they do in Japan, where the centralization of metropolitan areas remains unclear. This study specifically examined a visiting population in a metropolitan area to clarify the actual situation of the destination structure based on distance from the metropolitan area and the population size. Results show 1) unevenness of destinations for Regional Experience Seekers originating from metropolitan areas and show 2) differences in the nature of activities and activists depending on the destination.

As the Greek, Roman and Islamic cultures, among others, have merged over thousands of years in Damascus, the town of Old Damascus was formed with intricate narrow streets, surrounded by a castle wall. With the technical cooperation of Japan, urban planning has been implemented under the consideration of balancing the preservation of history with modernization. Using the results of the Person Trip Survey conducted by JICA, we analyzed the traffic behavior of the inhabitants of Damascus (trip purpose and means of transportation) and compared it with the Person Trip Survey in Tokyo. The results revealed the following: first, the trip purpose in Damascus has similar features to that of Tokyo. There are many commuting trips from the suburbs to the city center. Second, SERVICE (microbus) represents a large proportion of transportation, although in Old Damascus and the suburbs, the main transportation means is walking.

From an analysis of land registration information of vacant land lots, the author indirectly examined the potentiality of absentee landowners who had moved out from a subdivision district as “cause-related population.” When we consider the absentee landowners as the cause-related population in the narrow sense and in the broad sense separately, the definition in a narrow sense clearly shows characteristics of the cause-related population. While it is only fourteen landowners out of 455 families, however, it can also be considered as the 10% of 144 families who are continuously living for four decades in the district. In addition, many of the absentee landowners are now living in Kyoto City. Since it is a distance of about 55km for private cars, there can be a possibility that it will become the cause-related population.

Infrastructure maintenance and management requires a huge amount of money and human resources. In order to solve this problem, the redistribution function of income by public funds is difficult for Japan, which is facing a declining birthrate and aging population, while declining. Therefore, for example, symbolic design, such as the emblem of a baseball team or football team, means "circulation", that is, "to do a broad maintenance". For example, even if you say "Tenryu River" or you can imagine a general "river", you will not be able to have a specific image. Why don't you set the mascot character as a symbol and make use of it in Kawa town planning?

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the feature of former land use and former building usage in former military grounds in Tokyo prefecture. I mainly analyzed the data in “Report of former military grounds and remaining former military buildings in Tokyo prefecture.” I found that Tokyo had 259 cites of former military ground and the total area of those was 3,584 hectares. More than half of the area of former military grounds in Tokyo prefecture was in the Tama area. The total floor area of former military buildings in 216 cites was 2,451 thousand square meters. I also found that 9 municipalities had more than 100 hectares of former military grounds and 4 municipalities had the total floor area of former military buildings that was more than 200 thousand square meters.

eVTOL is a concept of new mobility that compensates for the shortcomings of helicopters. To introduce it as a public transportation in cities, one of the important problems is ground infrastructure considering social acceptance. Through the investigation of heliport and current regulations related to relationship between urban planning and air transportation in Japan, the requirements of ports for eVTOL are organized. Based on this, a mid-term plan for facility location plannig according to the time scale and regional district is considered through the case study of Tokyo areas. In conclusion, the role of urban planning and the need for facility location planning has been identified to get social acceptance of eVTOL as transportation available to low cost.

A climate change adaptation initiative called Climate Ready Boston is underway in Boston, USA. As measures to reduce flood damage in the coastal areas, which is expected to occur frequently due to rising tides, plans for spatial reorganization in those areas are shown in the initiative. How will the coastal spaces change in the future? From August to September 2019, field surveys and interviews with three landscape architects involved in the plans were conducted to grasp the current situation as well as future image. The results are reported in this paper.

This note has analyzed two different jurisdictions, Japan and U.S., with respect to HOA lien priority and whether the interest of a first mortgage or deed of trust may be extinguished under first-in-time jurisdictions favor a lender’s interest to the detriment of HOAs. An outcome from our comparative analysis is that both face common difficulties in prioritizing which lien, lender or HOA, should be protected from extinguishment. There are no clear answers for this. This leaves further investigation into lien cases in both countries.

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the effectiveness of public support to promote new affordable housing supply in New York City. Federal, state, and local government agencies offer various support such as low-cost financing, tax credit, and incentive zoning to encourage developers to build apartments which have housing units for low income households. This paper uses the discounted cash flow model to evaluate the development viability between projects with and without the affordable housing utilizing public support. The results show that the tax credit is the most powerful tool to increase the profitability of development in affordable housing units followed by incentive zoning and low-cost financing. However, since tax credit cannot only ensure enough project earnings, it is important to provide multiple public support.

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the creating method of public contributions of the urban development in the U.K. In order to reform Planning Gain which was criticized as “the sales of permission,” the government of the U.K. assigned roles between Planning Obligation aimed at mitigating the impact of development and Community Infrastructure Levy (CIL) aimed at absorbing the capital gain generated from development. With separating the purposes and subject matters of public contributions, the policy contributes to enhance the transparency of negotiation process in planning permission and prevent to create unnecessary public contributions in advance. In addition, most of the local governments have released the outlines of public contributions for Planning Obligation and CIL on their local plans and supplementary planning documents.

In 2018, “Garden Residential Zone”, the thirteenth land use zone was added to the Japanese City Planning Act to protect the environment of low-rise residential buildings while promoting the use of urban farmlands. This study aims to propose four scenarios for the model farmers in Takamatsu District, Nerima-Ku, Tokyo that allow them to continue their agri-activities under the new land use zone. After comparing the regulations and the incentives of the new zone and the currently designated zone, the four model farmers were selected to ensure the diversity of the scenarios. By the zoning change to the “Garden Residential Zone”, it is possible to reduce the tax burdens of small-sized farmers who are not supported by the traditional system around “Productive Green Districts”. In order to apply these scenarios, it is important for the entire district to have a mechanism to utilize agri-assets and an organization to manage it.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the difference between urbanized areas and non-urbanized areas with the opening of new railway lines and stations from the viewpoint of urban planning projects and systems. Analysis focusing on the increase and decrease of population and commercial facilities as indexes of urbanization suggested that, in the medium to long term, the effect of the opening of stations on urbanization would be small in the areas where urbanization has progressed to some extent, and it would be necessary to make detailed development plans.

This study aims to clarify the relationships between the construction of large-scale buildings by redevelopment projects and the changes in the number of stores around them in central districts of local cities in Japan. In this study, these relationships were clarified by using multiple regression analysis whose objective variable is the rate of change in the number of facilities before and after the completion of the project. The result of the analysis showed that the characteristics of the buildings by redevelopment projects have an impact on the area within 400 meters from the redeveloped sites, but its impact is small in the area within 800 meters from the sites.

In recent years, the sports policy of the local government has changed not only to promote sports, but also to promote urban development and revitalize the community. In general, when local governments implement policies, local governments formulate a comprehensive plan that is the top-level plan. The comprehensive plan is a medium-term to long-term and comprehensive plan. At the same time, individual plans for each division are formulated and measures and businesses are implemented. It is the same process even when local governments implement sports policies. Recentiy, the sports policy of the local government has developed across a lot of fieiids according to the problem of the provinces. This paper reveals how local governments position sports policy in the comprehensive plan. The aim is to clarify which areas of sports policy are spreading.

Travel mode choice under the situation where passengers can use the mobility services without additional cost per each ride are examined, with a view to see the impact of MaaS subscription with unlimited-ride service. A survey was conducted in Shin-Yurigaoka, a residential area in the suburb of Tokyo metropolitan area in March 2020, during Demand-Responsive Transport (DRT) service pilot conducted in the area. The travel diary of each participant was recorded, and participants were also interviewed about their daily travel before and during the survey. The results show that fixed-route bus services are heavily used even if both the DRT services and fixed-route bus services are available without additional cost per each ride.

Minato-oasis is a space for regional revitalization. Today, they are installed in over 100 areas in Japan. This study aims to investigate the operational condition and clarify the effect on the area in Minato-oasis, by the questionnaire survey. The objects of research are the Minato-oasis installed in 132 areas in Japan. As a result, there were the clarified that condition of facility maintenance, period of the traffic of many visitors, the environment of traffic movement, present issues in the area. And then, we conducted an effect analysis using the quantification theory type II. It became clear that "to inform the people other regions of the Minato-oasis" and "to increase the number of tourists and exchange population" have a positive impact on the promotion of the area.

This paper clarifies how the landscape of reclaimed land near urban areas changed during the period of high growth (from the mid-1950s to the early 1970s). In particular, the target area has a history of converting Irie Lagoon into farmland for the purpose of increasing food production in order to eliminate food shortages during World War II. Since then, farming has continued and the beautiful rural landscape with Mt. Ibuki as the backdrop has been preserved. In recent years, residential land development is progressing in the margin of the reclaimed land because it is close to Maibara Station. In addition, the construction of a bypass for National Route 8 (the Maibara Bypass) is changing the structure of the town. With this opening, countless people have passed through the Irie district, and as a result, it has become easier to share the scenery of Mt. Ibuki. In this paper, as a result of verifying the landscape elements as seen from the bypass, it was found that “rural space” is the main landscape element of the area on the flat land, but in recent years, residential land development has spread to reclaimed land. In addition, the copious trees that have flourished since reclamation show a great presence as landscape elements. In the future, it may be important to preserve miscellaneous trees when considering landscape modification.

Although it is said that the COVID-19 pandemic has greatly influenced people’s urban activities, the actual impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the public’s use of parks has not been empirically confirmed. This report describes people’s use of parks during the COVID-19 pandemic using geolocation big data generated from GPS logs of smartphones. Data analysis revealed that while the COVID-19 pandemic reduced people’s overall use of parks, some parks showed increased usage. In particular, on weekdays, the use of parks with no buildings in the vicinity increased, while on weekends, the use of parks where there were many detached houses in the vicinity increased.

This study reports the awareness of disaster prevention among Japanese and foreigners in order to seek the possibility of multicultural community development (Machizukuri) through disaster prevention. Interviews were conducted to clarify the difference of awareness from 3 perspectives (self-help, mutual-help and public help), which are the significant elements to carry out disaster prevention. As the result, we found that “self-help” had clear difference of awareness between Japanese students and international students due to gap of knowledge, and it is hard for international students to take same action as local people during disasters. However, students had no clear gap with regard to “mutual-help” and “public help.” Especially for mutual-help, international students are willing to help local community during disasters despite the language and knowledge barriers. This study points out that instead of treating foreigners as a vulnerable group, it is important to bring them to the scheme of mutual-help, as the local communities in Japan are now facing difficulties of ageing and weakening ties.

This paper deals with an example of a residential land arrangement for a land readjustment program , where a group of land is set up by a pre-purchase method. In the efficiency of the floor area ratio of the residential area, it is considered that the southward descent is effective, but in this study, we focused on the collective residential area utilizing the northward descent topography. As a result, it was suggested that the slopes between the living ridges and the undulations of turf, etc., which were a little wider, were beautiful, and that the long-term plant management was managed to suit the situation.

In this study, we investigated the changes in Lots and Land Use in 8 highly aged residential areas (Total number of lots 15478) from the beginning of development. As a result, there were more changes in lots and land-use in the flat lots between the adjacent lots and roads than the lots with difference in elevation. In particular, there was no difference in elevation between each section GL and the frontal road, and there were many changes in lots and land use in the flat lots in two or more directions. In order to examine future land use measures, it is necessary to determine the extent to which there are areas that can be integrated into neighboring land, converted into parking lots, and converted into vegetable gardens, and it has become clear that attention is paid to the housing land development form of each area, which causes the difference in elevation between the front road and adjacent lots.

In this paper, we found a flower garden in the vacant lot in the historical urban area contributed to revitalizing the local inhabitants’ social interactions and made their relationship strong enough to support their neighbors. A part of the vacant lot was borrowed for free and changed into a flower garden by the neighbors. We thought that this situation was caused by the characteristic the vacant lot. The feature of this study is to consider the abovementioned phenomenon by the observational research for over 30 days at a garden that has been being maintained by the neighbors in Yame Fukusima.

The purpose of this paper is to develop of town planning workshop using Minecraft through clarifying reproduction, understanding the space and discussion. The possibility of reproduction is that Minecraft can reproduce the scale of a city and buildings. The problem is that Minecraft can not reproduce small scale such as furniture. The possibility of understanding the space is that participants can understand a city and buildings by using two viewpoints of overlook and the ground level. The problem is that participants can not understand the small scale. The possibility of discussion is that participant can discuss it in the same viewpoint with other participants. The problem is that the original viewpoint of each participant becomes less than the real workshop as the workshop progresses with a focus on conversation. KeywordsÄi0: Minecraft, workshop, machizukuri, online game

Urban waterside is drawing attention as valuable open space and being discussed on its utilization for creating more attractive city. Among these, rowing activities, such as Stand Up Paddle boarding (SUP) is considered to have potential, but the relationship between these activities and urban waterside has not been discussed. The purpose of this research is to understand the situation of urban kayaking and SUP activities through the case studies of 4 groups and questionnaire survey for kayak and SUP users in order to find out the impact on raising awareness of participants . As a result, it became evident that urban kayaking and SUP activity groups provide safe access for people from kids to elderly to the urban rivers through establishing relationships with stakeholders such as local communities and governments. Besides, people participated in the urban rowing activity have raised their awareness to the river environment or local contribution, and some of them started to support these activities. In order to accelerate this positive cycle, public sector is expected to assemble information such as access points, safety guidance and activity groups while increasing access points through delegating the management of the access points/piers to activity groups.

Currently, activity through town development bases are attracting attentions in town centre, housing complex, and so on. Preparing a place where everyone can discuss has a merit of being easy to participate in and being well-known. Though Yokohama city has a lot of unique bases, those definition are not clearly determined. In this paper, I would focus on functions of town development bases. This study aims to clarify current situation and required roles of those. A case study was conducted on Yokohama City through a questionnaire survey with town development bases and interview survey with some of them. Through the research, it is intended to suggest what those should be.

Currently, the Japanese government is working to build connections with local communities and create new flows of people to local communities in order to ease population concentration in Tokyo. In this study, we focused on "hometown" as a connection with the local area, and conducted an awareness survey in Saitama Prefecture. The purpose of this research is to clarify how people think about their hometowns and to use them as basic information for future regional revitalization. As a result of the survey, it was found that most of the people born and raised in Saitama Prefecture think that Saitama is their "hometowns", not the area where their grandparents and parents were born and raised. And few people had no definite “hometown”.

Currently, the development of ICT integrated cross-sector smart city associating transportation, energy, security, and more is underway to mitigate various urban problems in Japan. There are numerous roadblocks that hinder the development of the cross-sector smart city, and thus delaying the optimization and utilization of data for development. Therefore, this research focused on a digital twin city by recreating in cyberspace and examined the required data, and obstacles in establishing a cross-sector smart city. Further, this research compared Regional Hub Cities in Japan and advanced foreign model cities to understand the issues surrounding the data platform in Japan. In order to solve urban problems, we suggest measures such as the establishment of public and private sector integrated platforms, the implementation of sensing equipment to grasp the microscopic real-time city behavior and disclosure of data to promote public and private partnerships.

While Yangon City in Myanmar was developed as a planned area, slum districts, which are said to be vulnerable, have been increasing. According to a report by a JICA study team, about 100 slum districts were formed inside Yangon city in the 1980s, but living conditions inside were not well known. The authors carried out field surveys in a slum district, named “555,” in November 2018 to understand the residents’ actual life conditions. This paper reports its analytical result: (a) Housing information, (b) Individual history, (c) Housing ownership, (d) Infrastructure, (e) Housing conditions, (f) Disasters, and (g) Residents’ future intention.

Recently, “Active Design” (AD) to promote physical activity is receiving academic and civic attention. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the process from the creation of Active Design Guidelines (ADG) to implementation in NYC. The following four facts are noted and discussed as lessons from the process: 1) The ADG movement was initiated to address public health issues, particularly obesity and Type 2 diabetes. 2) Cross-departmental discussions were regularly held in preparation of the guidelines, and feedback was given by multiple departments, including those not directly involved and private sector actors. 3) In 2012, Center for Active Design was founded as a platform to share and support in order to implement ADG. 4) In 2013, Mayor Bloomberg signed an executive order which required the implementation of AD strategies within all City-funded new construction and major renovation projects.

Roof ridge orientation of machiya(traditional merchant house) is a key element of streetcape. As the number of machiya has been decreasing in recent years, basic survey is urgently needed. Furthermore, because the direction of roof ridge may change within a narrow area, it is necessary to conduct a nationwide investigation on a per-settlement basis. This research is targeted at miyagi prefecture. It also looks at remaining condition of machiya in major district of each settlement.

Annual consumption of sake and the number of production licenses are on the decline. This could cause a loss of regional characteristics of sake breweries. On the other hand, the movement of utilizing sake brewery architectures as tourism destinations can been seen in recent years, leading to the revitalization of the region. Accordingly, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive survey to clarify the status of remaining breweries in Japan and the actual conditions of utilization of sake brewery architectures. This paper targeted Niigata Prefecture, which has the largest number of sake breweries in the nation, as a first case study.

The purpose of this paper is to provide a preliminary discussion based on a survey of the "Corona Road Occupancy Permit" and to extract possibilities and challenges from an understanding of the current status of on-street seating. The analysis consists of organizing the framework of the "Corona Road Occupation Permit", organizing the practices of 30 municipalities, analyzing the subjects, and analyzing the space. We are also aware of the issue of connection to pedestrian-centered streets beyond the seating on the streets because the seating on the streets associated with the "Corona Road Occupation Permit" can help us to understand the current situation towards pedestrian-centered streets, such as walkable and pedestrian-friendly streets, including spatial and management aspects.