In the local district areas, especially it is necessary to improve cross-border road network which has strength and alternative in prefectural border regions. This report aims to consider expected effects and practical effects to road improvement in prefectural border regions. Therefore, we carried out a questionnaire survey to 25 prefectural border municipalities. As a result, it shows that expected effects and practical effects of road improvement was evaluated quantitatively by using Analytic Hierarchy Process. Then, relation between expectation effect and practical effect was considered by comparing both evaluation values.

Public transportation in the provinces of France, based on the system of concessions contract, private transport operators has played a major role. However, participation by local governments and transportation tax-based financial aid begins with management reforms of the 1970s wake municipal responsibilities was located through the promotion of decentralization policies, support legislation by State, established the current framework. Private transport operators in the public transportation keeping its own position in the process, also its role was altered. For our country, Public transport business environment has similarities 1970s France, revealed the need for an appropriate involvement of State and local government responsibility.

Although zoning has been adopted in the National Park System in Japan, setting a vision and goals in the national park plan is not required. Moreover, neither residents nor even landowners are guaranteed the right to participate in the decision-making process of the national park plan. Private lands and ordinary zones each account for about one-quarter of the land area of all national parks on average under the present circumstances, though the particular situation of each park is quite different. As for Bandai Asahi National Park, private lands account for 12.4% and ordinary zones account for 7.6%. However, in just the Bandai Azuma Inawashiro District of the park covering the Urabandai area, the former occupies 24.2% and the latter occupies 15.7%. In order to continue to protect the natural scenery by the National Park System in the future, it is necessary to sustain the lives and livelihoods of the diverse land users of private lands in national parks, particularly in ordinary zones. Furthermore, it is necessary to establish a comprehensive and unitary land use planning and regulation system by restructuring the National Land Use Planning Act and its five related land use planning and regulation acts.

As part of Indian Ocean Tsunami recovery projects, an eco-village was established in Lagoswatta, located in the Kalutara district near Colombo in Sri Lanka. There are 55 tsunami affected families relocated from 8 different communities. It was supported by local NGO. UNEP and UN-HABITAT initiated the Eco-housing project in 2004 to build capacity and to increase awareness on this issue. The main environmental activities are as follows: i) classification of garbage by type, ii) composting, iii) using natural energy such as rainwater tank and solar panel, ix) eco-friendly housing design, and x) workshop about environment conducted by local NGO. This case study will show the impacts of thematic resettlement as eco-village through field survey between 2006 and 2012. Questionnaire and interview survey were conducted at all households. Observation survey involved understanding the changing of the community structure and physical life condition in the resettlement area.

Recently, increase of vacant house is the problem in urban area. In this study, we examined the current situation of municipality's effort of vacant house by the questionnaire survey and the hearing survey. And we clarified the characteristics of the countermeasure of municipality. As a result, only 20.1% of the municipalities have the effort of vacant house and 79.8% of them doesn't take measures. And most of countermeasure of municipality is the order of proper management of vacant house by the householder. But it is the problem that these municipalities cannot have the compelling force to the householder of vacant house and it is hard to search the householder of vacant house, and the householder has financial burden to repair vacant house for resistant to earthquakes. To deal with these problems, municipality should enact original rules or introduce subsidy for repairing.

The purpose of this report is to introduce the city planning in the urbanization control area of Kisarazu city. We devised land use policy and district planning guidelines in the urbanization control area.<br>The land use policy imaged German F-plan.<br>There is no development without a plan. I hope this system is useful for other cities.

This study aims to clarify the relationship between nature in artificial base and beauty of the landscape. We tried to analyzed landscape evaluation for storm-water reservoir for flood control. It was shown that storm-water reservoir has an open space and a good view. In case, vegetation grows thickly in concrete surface, nature and artificiality creates a high contrast. It is considered that the contrast makes a beauty of landscape. It was clarified that rich natural environment is correlative beauty of landscape by investigation of resident's consciousness. This knowledge is capable of adapting to landscape assessments for surplus space, for example, industrial foundation.

Conservation in the historic inner city of George Town of Penang, Malaysia in the past decades has focused in preventing the loss of heritage buildings. Meanwhile, population decrease continues to occur although the city was declared a World Heritage Site in 2008. The rapid loss of the city's old community may inevitably lead to a loss of identity of place in the city. This research aims to examine the link between community involvement and identity of place by studying the pilot program of community engagement in heritage building conservation at Armenian Street, George Town.

In recent years, we are facing a declining population and aging society with fewer children in local towns and cities. Some local governments try to increase visitors for regional revitalization, because it is difficult to increase the resident population. The guided walking urban tourism attracts the attention as one of the ways to increase visitors. In this survey, we carried out the questionnaire survey to 75 organizations of voluntary tour guides and clarified the effect of the guided walking urban tourism on the regional revitalization. As a result, the organization of voluntary guides can divide roughly into an organized type and a group type. In addition, an organized type tends to achieve more effects and to have more utility than a group type.

In recent years, we are facing a declining population and aging society with fewer children in local towns and cities. Some local governments try to increase visitors for regional revitalization, because it is difficult to increase the resident population. The guided walking urban tourism attracts the attention as one of the ways to increase visitors. In this survey, we carried out the questionnaire survey to 75 organizations of voluntary tour guides and clarified the effect of the guided walking urban tourism on the regional revitalization. As a result, the organization of voluntary guides can divide roughly into an organized type and a group type. In addition, an organized type tends to achieve more effects and to have more utility than a group type.

This study focuses on the effectiveness of Educational Programs for Community Development. I conducted Educational Programs for Community Development of Primary Schools while seeking cooperation with community residents and universities. We analyzed relationship between method of Educational Programs and conatus of inhabitation and regional activities by questionnaire for children. We summarized the effects of children's attitudes of methods of Educational Programs. In conclusion, it is necessary to introduce the various methods for step up various children. Best of all, the program while seeking cooperation with community residents have a profound effect conatus of inhabitation and regional activities.

The purpose of this study is to find a hint to solve a problem of the social isolation . I grasped what kind of change there was for consciousness, the action of the inhabitants by interviews and questionnaire survey among the second residents' association of the Kachida housing complex. It is thought that I had an effect of isolated death measures by interviews and questionnaire survey. By measures, many inhabitants felt social isolated close and said hello positively because I did not stand alone and brought an action change such as talking. In addition, it is thought that the cooperation between each group was strengthened more by measures

The alley is revaluated as place to make local community and to make people walk around commercial area. But there was a problem that was safety, peaceful impression of alleys sometimes became deterrent impression. There weren't research about that problem. Therefor this thesis propose was make the problem clear, what kind of landscape elements became inducement or deterrent elements for walking around commercial alley.

This research is a study of the activities of community park societies in Kohoku New Town. As a result, Chigasaki and the Yamazaki Park societies are active in management and education. The Kamoike Park society and Higashikata Park society manage the parks mainly. Yamata Fuji Park society undertakes a big festival by cooperation with local enterprises.

Ohara is a place where people of Kyoto spend time after retirement for many years, and has been known as the village where famous locally Ohara-me (local women) peddling firewood and coal. The purpose of this study is to 1) investigated the outsider's image of Ohara though paintings, and 2) to reveal the way of living and the lifescape through interviews, observation and sketches. Painters preferred to draw Ohara-me as the subject, finding the

This case study shows the findings obtained from the hearing survey conducted concerning relocation impacts and land use of pre/post relocated site by the relocated people and people living near the relocated area after Chuetsu earthquake, 2004. Research targeted one of the affected community named 'Kotaka' which is located in Niigata Prefecture. Kotaka was relocated far from their original land. As a result of relocation, people had conflicts within the community as well as external community. There were also conflicts within own family members because of quick decision-making, conflict with leaders, rumor and misunderstandings of the governmental relocation projects, as well as different opinions between young and old. However, through events such as sports festival, relocation of community temple, traditional dance and so on, it helped bonding within the community. Kotaka's relocation will show importance factors on how to keep community (village) identity after relocation. This way, relocation would not be simply just movement of the people (i.e. extinction) but movement of an entire community.

The word 'citizen participation' is frequently used in the urban planning. The citizen participation has been introduced into planning and design process of community development in Japan. However, the effect and influence which are obtained by

This study research proposes the subject and an idea of directivity of a city and a regional planning and transportation planning are concerned with national land policy. in the Tokyo metropolitan area.About the circumferences, such as around the Kenoudou ring road in the Tokyo metropolitan area, as a result of a writer's performing a land market trend, it is guessed by the three factor that there is a tendency for location, such as a company to the zone concerned, to progress. Those solutions are carrying out zoning of the four space, habitation, industry, commerce, and agriculture, and connecting the meantime by traffic.The traffic is connected, is revolved, improves the environment which can be enjoyed, and proposes the policy which develops as an overall community.