This study discusses the current status of refuge life and intention to rehabilitate livelihood of Iitate villagers who live in temporary housings in Matsukawa Town of Fukushima City after the accident at Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. <br>We conclude that Iitate villagers endure hard life and live with a sense of anxiety in temporary housings, and we identify (1) the necessity to expand support measures for improvement of refuge life, (2) the necessity to enable them to easily judge the possibility or timing for returning home, and (3) the necessity to make opportunities to adequately exchange opinions between villagers, officers of Iitate Village and the national government, and officers of Tokyo Electric Power Company.

This study discusses the current status of enforcement of the national park system and problem recognition of rangers for nature conservation, on the basis of responses to questionnaires which were collected from ranger offices throughout Japan. This study points out that few national parks formulate future visions, and that most of rangers recognize that the national park system need to be improved to promote public participation and to incorporate measures to vitalize the life and livelihood within the places designated as national parks.

Currently, Ono city in Fukui prefecture is considering and discussing about the improvement of a Bicycle Friendly Environment for the future. In this study, We investigated about the characteristics of bicycle utilization by residents of Ono and the demand for a BFE in the future. To do this we took a questionnaire survey in Ono city. As a result we can see, over 50 percent of residents do not utilize bicycles once a week or more despite the landscape in Ono being suitable for bicycle use. Relating to BFE in the future the residents wish that not only physical infrastructures be developed but also that soft measures, be enhanced such as traffic safety training. In the future, it is necessary to make an appealing city plan that includes the bicycle and makes use of natural characteristics and historic features in Ono, further that pedestrians, bicycle users and automobile users can move safely,reliably and comfortably in the city.

In recent years, the setting of smart interchange (SIC) is recommended in various parts of Japan. SIC is an interchange for exclusive use of ETC and is set up by the main line of expressway, service areas (SA), or parking areas (PA).In over 60 locations in japan, the positive effects of SICs have been recognized by the federal government, installed, and now being implemented. In this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted for all SICs and it was decided to examine its setting effects. Based on these examination results, it is intended to provide a basic document to control the future of SICs.

Oita City is planning on opening a new Prefectural Art Museum in the spring of 2015. The current development plan is for it to be built along the main street in the city. Many residents are expecting it to be a hub for local arts and cultures. However, there is rising concern that it will not be seen as part of the city, but as a simple art museum. This study looks into local perspectives on the matter, in hopes that the museum construction will use its placement on the main road in the city to become one with its residents, and foster a desire to visit the site.

The word “Adopt-Program” means maintenance and cleanup activities a public place by citizen participation. In recent years, maintenance is dependent on government. The Adopt-Program (AP) is an activity which is carried out jointly by government and citizens. It is the aim of the AP to obtain sustainable maintenance for residents. This research is a preliminary survey for using the AP that is intended for beautification activities of main roads Oita City. Therefore, the objective of this research is to understand the structure of consciousness to residents.

The Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011 was an unexpected disaster, that lead to delays and potential misjudgments in the local communities. However, the efforts of local communities was not enough, and they obtained insufficient support from the private sector. The purpose of this research is to analyse results of a survey conducted for local businesses on disaster management, in hopes of creating unity between local citizens and businesses in times of need. As a result, private enterprises feel the need to help at the time of a disaster, and can expect most companies for help as well. In addition, it is suggested that they can become the leaders of local communities if companies can provide support for disaster prevention.

By focusing on 12 years of the action in Wadamachi Shopping Street that tried to be changed into a local communication node, this paper clarifies the reaction and change of the shopping street that is faced to the social and economic decline of Japan. Through the survey to storekeeper and local resident, it is clarified that ;Various events and actions in Wadamachi do not affect to the low condition of the economic of the area, but number of young people who carry the future of the area is increasing in the period. Beppin Market is recognized as the attraction of the area by the local resident. The field which local resident is able to take an action (Wadamachi Shopping Street and Beppin Market) and to work together (Town management Conference) are the strength of the area.

This study analyzes the efforts for environmental NPO San-Love in Uchiko town to measure the social capital as local sustainability indicators and if there is a need to separate Bonding and Bridging. By interview analysis, it was found to have played a major role in connection with the outside parson to achieve good results. In this case, success factors of community development sustainable by analyzing separately Bonding and Bridging. Therefore, it can be said that this case, the importance of which shall be calculated by dividing the region and beyond the indicator has been revealed.