In this study, in order to understand whether the deck, which is a connecting space between the city center and the station, has a space that can be used for events, we determined whether or not there is a deck in the station square, and whether it is a linear deck or a surface deck. In addition, we focused on the surface deck and analyzed the space on the deck. Then, focusing on the plaza-type deck, we aim to clarify the characteristics and issues of deck management.

This study clarifies the actual conditions and challenges of policies, plans, projects, and leadership development for municipalities in ceramic industry regions to realize community development that makes the most of their characteristics. As a result, we found that many municipalities recognize the ceramics industry as an important resource for local community development, but have not been able to effectively utilize it. In addition, many municipalities have not succeeded in passing on the industry to new generations, and many municipalities recognized the ceramic industry as the centerpiece of their regional development and tourism policies.

we investigated the effects of site area on the layout of facilities and ritual equipment at small shrines in the central three city of Tokyo. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the relocated shrines continue to exist while smaller area; (2) an area of 10 square meters or more guarantees the status of the shrine, while an area of less than 3 square meters is only minimally equipped.

Despite regional differences in residents' physical activity, large-scale data that account for urban characteristics are limited. This study described the association between the composition of main transportation modes used in each city and residents' average walking time. An online survey was conducted in December 2021 among residents of 70 cities where the 2015 National Person Trip Survey was conducted, and 28,449 people were included in the analysis (50.5% male, 49.6±15.6 years old). The percentage of rail use correlated most strongly positively with average total walking time, while that of car use (self-driving) correlated strongly negatively with average walking time for walking, commuting, and shopping.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused the avoidance of public transport and more use of private cars as a result of the declaration of a state of emergency, measures such as social distancing, and fear of being infected. This study aimed to reveal the changes in automobile usage and its environmental effect in urban areas through the first state of emergency. The automobile CO2 emission amount was calculated using a lifestyle activity survey from before the pandemic, during the first state of emergency, and after the lifting of the state of emergency. We compared the changes in automobile CO2 emission between socio-demographic groups and cities. A density and automobile dependence theory by Newman and Kenworthy was also tested. Results show that (i) the CO2 emission by automobile usage exceeded the before-pandemic level in most socio-demographic groups and cities after the first state of emergency, and (ii) the CO2 emission gap among urban density levels was polarized.

In this study, as a theory of landscape management assuming machine learning, I verified the creation of judgment criteria when tagging image data for buildings. First, I reviewed the research in the field of architecture, and then tried to devise an image data organizing method for use in machine learning. In conclusion, it was suggested that image data segmentation and schematization based on existing research accumulation could be used as judgment criteria for tagging. On the other hand, even if the organized tags were directly reflected in machine learning and operated, there were concerns that the machine would not learn well due to various circumstances such as image resolution and image distortion. Regarding this point, it is a problem found in the results of previous research that the author has been pursuing. However, even if the reason for the drop in detection rate is due to subdivided classification, it would be meaningful to add traceable subclass tags in the metadata. This is because, for example, even if the classification of image data is integrated as a large classification in order to improve the judgment accuracy, it is possible to restore the classification to a small classification according to the situation. In the future, it will be necessary to further verify the validity of tagging through trial and error in the practice of machine learning.

To cope with Japan is declining population, a plan based on “Compact plus Networks” and the area base formation is progress. And rich area base is able to be formed by concentrating urban facilities and population, diverse human exchange. To make it happen, the small town should plan to overlap a plurality of regional resources. Izunagaoka area that has them like Japanese inn town and a flagship hospital, gathering event has potential of overlapping a plurality of them. In terms of concentrating urban facilities and population, each concentrating area doesn’t necessarily match in the area. But in terms of diverse human exchange, because residents and employees of traditional Japanese inn and a flagship hospital have same needs of urban facilities and hopes for gathering event, they are interested in making use of traditional Japanese inn, there’s a possibility that exchange between residents and employees of them happens. As a result, in the small town, there’s a possibility that diverse human exchange and the rich area base are formed by overlapping a plurality of regional resources.

Italy and Japan, both are constantly facing natural disasters, are each implementing reconstruction after the recent large-scale earthquakes. This paper focuses on the recovery of economic activities, especially the operation of relocation to the temporary malls, and aims to find proper vision through comparative analysis of legal system and the issues from the cases of 2016 Central Italy Earthquake and 2011 Great East Earthquake in Japan. By the analysis, it was found that although the operation and location were restricted strongly by the municipality, shortage of stores and facilities impede the practical recovery of economic activities smoothly in the case of Italy. In the case of Japan, the prioritized strategies on economic recovery promoted rapid restarts of activities at temporary malls, however, it was found that the necessity of the mental health care in the case if victims need to relocate with long distance. Through both experiences, it is pointed out that the importance of operation of temporally malls with careful consideration for the well-being of disaster victims.

Through a survey revealed that 75 organizations engaged in activities calling attention to the Great East Japan Earthquake experiences in Iwate, Miyagi, and Fukushima. The attributes of these organizations could be divided into three main types, namely, semipublic organizations, such as tourism associations and exhibition facilities, the tourism industry, and citizens, which accounted for ~30% each. The contents of the activities were field visits, storytelling, and other engaging ventures. Examining the attributes of the organizations by activity type, the present study found that exhibition facilities offered various activities rather than just exhibitions, and citizens were flexible in responding to the requests of participants for activities.

The changes to people’s behaviors in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic require a thorough examination so as to propose policies in preparation for future pandemics. Previous studies used “behavioral elastic diagrams” (BEDs) to describe and analyze these changes. However, their analyses rely on paper-based surveys, and the spatial–temporal analysis on a detailed scale is insufficient. In this study, we used mobile spatial statistics to plot BEDs and compared the changes in the number of people staying at nighttime owing to COVID-19 in April 2020 in six downtown areas of Japan. The results showed that the number of females and young people (ages 15–19) decreased significantly. We also observed differences by area; for example, the Tenjin area showed a higher decrease among adults in their 20s and a lower decrease for those in their 30s and over than the Hakata area in Fukuoka.

The global COVID-19 pandemic forced people to restrict their activities and lives. Human contact was reduced to a minimum, and the environment pertaining to outdoor playing changed dramatically.In this study, with the aim of clarifying the impact of the pandemic on outdoor playing, we investigated changes in the way people played and the places where they played, in urban centers and suburban areas, respectively. The results show that, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of active play activities decreased in both urban and suburban areas, and people chose to engage in playing in ways that could be done on the spot. It is noteworthy that the proportion of children playing in parks decreased, while the proportion of children playing on the roads increased. The decrease in active playing may also indicate a shift to playing in smaller areas where only neighbors gather, such as roads.