This paper contains some basic data concerning land use and traffic load in Tokyo central area, especially traffic generation units per floor area. The authors calculate these units by floor uses, traffic means, and time of a day, which relates directly to congestion. We suggest that office floor concentrates overwhelming amount of traffic on train in morning peak time (about 220 trip/ha/hour), commercial generates far less traffic in morning time, but gives 2 to 3 times heavier load than office on automobile in daytime, and residential gives much less load. We also suggest that area of office floor per a worker has largely increased recently, and total amount of automobile trips by business has decreased to about 60%, instead of total area of office floor has doubled in recent 20 years.

This study investigates the ingredient factors that create positive image or impression of streetscape. We take look at them from the two points of view: spatial and visual. Spatial perspective consists of width of street and sidewalk, height of building, and length of street. Visual perspective is mainly of color combination of trees, street furniture, building, etc. We studied the 15 streets in Tokyo Metropolitan region, all of which are labeled as scenic, and presented a computer-simulated streetscape, which contains the key factors that we found from our survey and analysis.

As a beginning of this study, I define the methods that a region can plan by self (Regional Initiative Planning Approach) in terms of concepts such as citizen participations, public involvement and agreement form, etc. Secondly, roles and establishing conditions of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO), which carry out Regional Initiative Planning Approach, will be explained by referring the examples in our country and abroad. Then Regional Initiative Planning Approach will be evaluated through comparing and examining existing transportation plans. This study goal is showing the way of designing Regional Initiative Planning Approach from the above investigations

The purpose of this study is to make human resources in a community obvious. In the first part of this paper, I show the difference between the hours residents spend working for the community and the hours they want to. In the latter part, I show how many hours residents of each attribute want to in a timetable. In conclusion, I stress the fact that those who are not working for the community now (e.g. salary workers) want to work for a short time on a holiday and in the evening of a weekday, and that there are few works suitable for their needs.

Located on northern shore of Shimokita Peninsula, The Town of Ohata fights with decline of local economy, mainly fishery and forestry, population decrease and aging. In FY 2000-01 the Town of Ohata sponsored series of citizen participation workshops and published the comprehensive plan. Through the planning process, where a non profit organization played an important role to promote citizen participation, people have recognized their local assets and declared to renew their awe at the Mother Nature and revitalize themselves in harmony with the environment. This plan is unique because the description directly reflects citizens' vital voices and is based on how they want their future. The town seeks for a scheme of local independence and a regional coalition, so that the whole peninsula will vitally survive.

This paper critically reviews the current legal system of Japanese urban planning and suggests the desirable planning system. For this purpose three analyses are carried out. First, the problems in the planning system are verified. Second, the case of Setagaya-ku is investigated whereby it is shown how the local government makes efforts to deal with the above problem. Third, the characteristics of the planning system of western countries are examined. Through the above examinations, we make suggestions on the refinement of the current planning system, which may lead to a more desirable system in the future.

In the center-of-Tokyo, the open spaces is created as a means of bonus for cubic capacity of buildings. This study focuses on a whole concept of open spaces on actual condition of Planned development design system in Tokyo metropolitan. We first figure out some laws of creating open spaces. And Taking 4 districts in Tokyo central area as case studies, we examine current situation of maintenance and use of open spaces. After these examination and analysis, we clarify problems and improvements of them in order to create the open spaces which are suitable for the actual condition of an area from now on.

The purpose of this article is to study the relation between human behavior and space. To this end, this study analyzed the spatial selection of people in front of convenience stores based on observation of their behavior in terms of spaces furnished with items, called item spaces. The observation was conducted at two stores, one in Nagayama area of Tama City and one in Shibazaki area of Chofu City, both in Tokyo Metropolis. The former store has large parking space in front of the store, while the latter has little space in its front. The result shows that both the frequency and the accumulated time of behavior decrease as the distance from the entrance of each store increases. However, the tendency differs between the kinds of behavior which are often conducted alone and those which are usually carried out interactively. Furnished items like trash cans also affects the spatial selection.

Changing physical planning of living environment is an effective way of preventing crime. This study is to clarify the relationship between the location of crime scene and the fear of crime by our survey at a urban space in Tokyo. First, following to the background of this study, information of the survey is explained. Secondly, the result and analysis of the survey are presented. In this paper, crimes are categorized to two types:the crimes which cause physical damage and the ones which cause a material loss. The result is analyzed from the point view of both the types of crimes and spatial components. This paper is concluded with our future plans for the studies.

The aim of this article is to analyze the characteristic of generation and agglomeration of vacant buildings caused by urban decline using a multi agent system for simulation of urban land use pattern. The system contains twenty by twenty cells representing land use lots where agents are located. The agents consist of four types, empty space, industry, housing and commerce. The latter three types of them have a flag showing whether they are vacant buildings or not. These agents generate and disappear according to the potential or request value as the accumulation of spatial interaction and rent. Conversion costs, increase and decrease of population, effect of agglomerated vacant buildings and high rent at central business districts are also implemented in the system. The results of the simulation show that the vacant buildings appear at surrounding area and that the effect of agglomerated vacant buildings accelerates urban decline.