The purpose of this study is to identify the situation and issues of promotion of renewable energy in Fukushima after the Great East Japan Earthquake and the Fukushima nuclear disaster. This study reveals that (1) most municipalities in Fukushima are promoting renewable energy, (2) there is a possibility that introduction of renewable energy equipment destroy nature and cause some problems such as landscape destruction and noise issues in the local area, and (3) there is a possibility that renewable energy became means for regional activation. Based on these results, this study points out that it is necessary not only to secure budget and human resources but also to take measures against regional issues at the same time, and also that cooperation among the government, prefecture, municipalities, companies, and research institutes is important in order to promote renewable energy more and more.

The purpose of this study is to identify living conditions and present status of community of residents living in Nakososakai public housing complex. This public housing complex was built as one of the components of “Temporary Town” of Futaba town affected by Fukushima Nuclear Accident. Although residents are satisfied with nursing care service and welfare and medical care service highly, they are not satisfied with public transportation service in particular. Although residents are satisfied with community support measures of Fukushima Prefectural government, not a few residents feel loneliness because they live their lives apart from their friends in association with evacuation due to Fukushima Nuclear Accident. This study points out that it is necessary to support residents living in “Temporary Town” even after the lift of evacuation orders for a long period.

The purpose of this research is to clarify the actual situation of decrease of low rent housing due to elimination of wooden densely built up area and to seek the housing policy issues a nd the housing support measures accompanying it. In the first half , the transition of housing policy in Tokyo Metropolitan Government and the method of housing environment improvement are reviewed , the position of a privately owned rental hous ing is clari fied , and the impact of wooden densely built up area is examined. After that, in the Tabata area where the land readjustment project was carried out, the change of the private rental house before and after the project was examined . In the second the merits and demerits of implementation are discussed , and the issue of developing a policy of affordable housing support within the region are discussed . Based on these results, the basic direction of housing support in the area is proposed and the is sues for gentrification is discussed.

Municipalities are required to understand the characteristics of each region when implementing city planning. In this paper, we used the Census data and Housing and Land Survey data to classify municipalities across Japan into six regions based on indicators related to industrial and occupational structures. Then, the characteristics of each region were clarified by checking the average value of the age-related indicators and the annual income-related indicators for each region. In particular, it has been found that in the “gray-collar concentration areas” and “primary industry-centered areas”, aging is progressing, the income level is declining, and welfare-oriented urban planning is required.

In carrying out comprehensive city planning, it is necessary to confirm the income distribution in each region and to grasp the income situation. In this paper, using Housing and Land Survey data, we categorized municipalities in the Tokyo metropolitan area based on their income distribution and showed the characteristics of the income situation in each region. It revealed areas with high incomes and areas with low incomes. In addition, “polarized areas” with many high-income and low-income people also became apparent, indicating that social polarization has progressed in these areas and economic inequality has increased. The importance of comprehensive urban planning, which provides a living environment according to income distribution, has been shown.

In recent years, greening activities of local residents are active. For example, a system for citizen’s flower bed was established with the aim of making a contribution to beautify the local environment and to create communities in Kobe in 1962. There are 735 groups which use the system now and consist of local residents. This study analyzed the situation for continuous greening activities by hearing survey and questionnaire to activity people. As a result, the following three points were revealed. First, they find doing rewarding to interaction with passer. Second they needs to solving their problem of activities shortage and aging. Third, they find how to do stress free work against damaged flower beds. This study suggest that these are important for ongoing activities.

This paper aims to clarify issues on the development process of suburban areas through the Governmental statistics regarding public facilities and services of Metropolitan Areas in Indonesia. The social and population data by small blocks are available in the Governmental Statistic Books that are published by the sub-district governments (Kecamatan). The statistic books are published every year, and this study used the data of 2018. Semarang City is in the process of expanding toward Demak Regency, which is adjacent to the east. Many detached residential areas have been developed in the eastern part of Semarang City, and there is a tendency for lack of infrastructure specific to the suburbs. This analysis shows weak trends such as fewer motorbike and private car users, fewer elementary schools, fewer Islamic masjids, and fewer retail stores in the suburbs. Nevertheless, in the suburbs, there are well-planned developments, while there are insufficient provisions of infrastructure in the un-planned developments.

This research investigates about the achievement and effect of Stadtsumbau Ost. In the State of Sachsen, a decrease in population is settling down compared with before. An outflow on the west side is no longer seen mostly, and the tendency of movement has become to the large city in a state. In the large city in a state, population increases and a middle-scale city is also already in a stable tendency. However, the population in Germany is decreasing. An increase in population is based on a population inflow from other cities. As for the contents of Stadtsumbau Ost, repair, improvement in value, and demolition exclusion form about 80 percent of the auxiliary amount. These had become a main enterprise of Stadtsumbau Ost. Enriching support leads the activity of a municipality, and it serves as impelling force. Moreover, gaining a subsidy induces a private investment, and also the local improvement is following it.

CiP is a term for over 500,000 volunteers who support the police either directly or indirectly. CiP delivers £ 70-80m in value per year to policing and its development provides an excellent opportunity to build social capital and involve communities in policing. This article introduces seven types of voluntters (Special Constables, Police Support Volunteers, Volunteer Police Cadets and Mini Police, Community Speedwatch, Street Pastors and Street Wardens, Cyber volunteers, and Neighbourhood Watch) based on a survey on Citizens in Policing (CiP) conducted in September 2019.

This study is aimed to consider Various Values of Book Mobile Service in Local Cities with Decreasing Population. In this paper, I report implementation status of Book Mobile Service in Fukuoka. As a result, it was cleared that the service was provided by 14 local governments and had been abolished by 5 local governments. Based on the results of this survey, I will conduct a case study for local governments in Fukuoka that provide the service.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the current achievements and issues, focusing on whether the deregulation of development restrictions in urbanization control areas has led to sustainable town development, taking the case of the special designated area system in Hyogo Prefecture as an example. The study shows that the Specially Designated Zoning System is functioning as a deregulation of development restrictions within the urbanization control area, as new buildings were found in Ono City, the target of the survey. On the other hand, it indicates that the system does not function sufficiently to solve problems in the urbanization control area because it is not said that it has influenced development trends, and there is no particular effect on the unoccupied house problem that is considered to be more serious in the future.

This study analyzed 27 reconstruction plans of the Great East Japan Earthquake in the coastal areas of Iwate and Miyagi prefectures. Researchers extracted 95 projects to consider the experiences and lessons learned from the damage and recovery process. These were classified into five categories: facility maintenance, archives, education, tourism and interaction, and miscellaneous. The most common type of project was the construction of earthquake memorial parks and green spaces. A literature review was conducted to identify how municipalities take the measure of imparting a disaster experience in earthquake memorial parks in 12 sites. Nine types of measures were identified, such as the preservation of damaged structures, the development of higher ground, the creation of a memorial monument, opening of exhibition facilities, and so on.

Several municipalities affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake have been preparing damaged buildings and structures as “Earthquake ruins.” There were no standard planning methods for the earthquake ruins, and they preserved them in various ways according to their reconstruction situation. This article extracted six municipalities that have established nine ordinances for the preservation and utilization of the earthquake ruins: Tanohata Village and Miyako City in the Iwate Prefecture, Kesennuma City, Higashimatsushima City and Yamamoto Town in the Miyagi Prefecture, and Tomioka Town in the Fukushima Prefecture. The contents of the ordinances were compared and examined, while considering the positioning of the earthquake ruins, the planning methods and so on.

Visible green ratio is widely used in planning for promoting greening in the urban area. Zoning and other urban planning measures can influence visible green ratio through defining land use patterns. Previous studies, however, have not clearly considered the relationships between visible green ratio and surrounding land uses. By surveying visual green ratio in various land uses in central Tokyo, this research has analyzed the relationship between the visible green ratio and surrounding land use. Results showed that vegetation coverage ratio, road width and variety of planting type have a significant effect on visible green ratio. We also found that it may be not effective to significantly increase the vegetation coverage ratio to improve the visible green ratio.

In recent years, psychological effects of urban green spaces have drawn attention, but there is little knowledge about the relationship with the effects of green spaces structures. Therefore, we conducted comparative experiments on two green ways with different structures and investigated the influence of the structural diversity of the green way on the restorative effect. We conducted on-site experiments on the green way with 32 university students. We used the Japanese version of Perceived Restorativeness Scale for measuring restorativeness effects among respondents. Our results supported the hypothesis that the structural diversity in the green way could obtain a higher restorative effect.

Recently, interest in locally managed common resources’ utilization has increased. This study derives a comprehensive perspective on the mechanisms of modern local cooperation, using Minamikomatsu village as a case study. Combining literature surveys, interviews and field studies, six functions working in conjunction with each other to manage and operate the local common land were revealed: scenic conservation; tourism development; cooperation with companies; cooperation with the government; land management; self-governance. Two aspects were identified to be crucial for sustainable management of commons: (1) the organizational structure of the local managing organization for functional differentiation according to the purpose, and (2) the existence of an organization for distribution of revenues from common land into the community. These processes require a mechanism to enhance local intellectual resources and cooperation with external organizations.

Recently, community development utilizing local characteristics has been carried out in various parts of the country. On the other hand, there are some areas in Shiga Prefecture where the history of stone processing has been developed, but history research has not been sufficiently performed. Minamikomatsu, Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture, which is the subject of this study, is one of them. Therefore, in this study, I will clarify the following two points for the purpose of grasping the characteristics of the settlement mainly on the relationship with the masonry production activities. The first one is about The Masonry production activities in the area (quarrying, processing and sales). The second one is Relationship between masonry production activities and settlements. As a result of The survey, Minami Komatsu had quarrying, stone export, processing, and shipping processes at each of the mountainous areas, settlements, and lake shores. Became before World WarⅡ. In addition, one of the characteristics of the villages in the area is that important buildings and land are still left in the villages which will help us to understand the history of the production activities even after the prewar masonry production activities were lost.

After the Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake, we recognized the importance of energy supply in the event of disaster, and the government have promoted the introduction of solar power in urban areas. However, the businesses do not be able to enter the business due to the large initial cost of installing energy equipment. Therefore, the government needs measures to motivate the stakeholders to participate in the spread of solar power. This paper aims to clarify the effectiveness of the business scheme that motivate the stakeholders to participate in the business. Specifically, we will examine the introduction of a virtual power plant in business clusters and high-density residential areas and clarify the effectiveness of the project. As a result, we revealed that it is important to create stakeholder benefits by introducing energy equipment in line with urban renewal for the spread of solar power in urban areas.

Recently, the central governments strongly promote reduction of energy uses under the global warming. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce environmental measures at the urban renewal stages, with long-term CO2 emission reduction targets. However, the introduction of environmental measures requires great cost, and it is important to ensure economic efficiency. The purpose of this research is to clarify how to introduce environmental measures to achieve long-term energy emission reduction targets and utilize energy systems to improve economic efficiency. The study examines how environmental measures effectively worked for the reduction of energy emissions followed by the possibilities co-workings between the Business Improvement District and environmental measures. From the analysis, the Business Improvement District would be effectively worked for the improvement of energy emission reductions and economies, and the levy was also justified.

For prevention of global warming, low-carbon development and urban development that be able to supply stable energy at the time of disaster is required. Therefore, the central government has promoted effectively and efficiently use of dispersed power system that be able to save energy and supply energy in an emergency. Not only the introduction into the individual buildings, but also using as the district energy network in buildings is expected for more efficient use of energy and improvement for disaster prevention. For this reason, it has been promoted to introduce the energy system at the urban development and rebuilding stages.This paper attempts to clarify the way of construction of district energy network at the time of rebuilding of the timeworn city hall that increases in recent years, followed by the cost analysis of the system introduction.

In our country, the increase of the empty house becomes the problem against a backdrop of a population decline, and the management gets worse of the house is predicted now. In this study, Grasp the actual situation of the management situation of the house in the built-up area in the distant suburbs area and intended that clarify the difference to occur from surrounding environment and the location situation. From this study, in the former city area, there is concern about the aging progress by the local unit. Management failure status of housing is concentrated and the current situation left behind. Bipolarization advances in the station and a former city area, and predicted that it may be connected for the decline of the whole city area in future.

Some of the farmlands in urbanized area have been protected as regulated urban green area through Productive Green Zone Law. In some of the green tracts, the land less than the area requirement of 500 square meter or more was generated due to urban planning projects such as roads. By the amendment of Productive Green Zone Law in 2017, the area requirement of the production green area 500 square meter or more can be changed to 300 square meter or more by the regulations of each local government. In addition, it could be the regulated urban green land of the law if multiple farmlands are in spatially proximity and the total area exceeds the area requirement. However, the coordination was at the discretion of each municipality, making it difficult to respond. In our last study, we analyzed the distance between Hino and Kokubunji cities in productive green areas less than 500 square meter and less than 300 square meter. This time, the remaining productive green area in the Tama area was measured for, and analyzed by Kitatama, Minamitama, and Nishitama areas. As a result, the average distance between the area of less than 500 square meter and those of more than 500 square meter was almost the same from 80 m to 85 m among the three areas. However, about the area of less than 300 square meter those varied between 37m and 114m.

This paper aims at finding causes of anti-nursery school, focusing on physical condition such as road width,numbers of parks, distance to park, numbers of elderly people, and zoning type. We collected those data of not only the nursery, which neighbors opposed, but those of not opposed, and applied a liner discriminant analysis. We found that some features of the nursery school where the opposition movement occurred: 1) there are few nurseries near the nursery school to be planned to locate., 2) the distance to a nearby park or kindergarten is long, 3) there are many local children and few elderly people, and 4) the road width is narrow.

In recent years, "Decentralization reform" has been advanced in Japan. The authority was delegated from the government to local governments and from prefectures to municipalities. Especially, in the field of city planning, the authority to decide on city planning, which had been held by prefectures, was transferred to municipalities as a delegated agency. And the municipalities have been able to independently carry out city planning according to the local situation. This report is based on the case of Chiba Prefecture. We considered what prefectures could do for municipalities under decentralization.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the distribution of long-term care beds and psychiatric beds in view of future changes in the medical system of Japan following the introduction of the family doctor system. To this end, multiple regression analysis was performed on primary and secondary medical care areas throughout Japan, using AIC as the selection criterion. The numbers of general, long-term, and psychiatric beds per 10,000 persons were used as objective variables, and exploratory variables were selected from 27 indicators representing regional characteristics. The results show that the numbers of the long-term care beds and those of the psychiatric beds tend to be larger in regions with high elderly population ratios and small population and working-age populations. It should be noted that, irrespective of the result, the deployment of new community health facilities following the abolition of long-term care beds should be carried out carefully by establishing a long-term plan in consideration of the compact city policy.

Environmentally Friendly and Disaster-Resilient City is required to be realized. To improve environment and resiliency of the city, it is a key to cooperate with urban area and suburban area. On the other hand, the population of this country is reducing, therefore, it is necessary to consider how to renew urban updates linked with a compact city construction. However, there are no concrete method to realize them. In the U.S., some cities revitalized by TDR (transfer of development rights). TDR can renew in both urban and suburban area by using private fund. The aims of this study is to clarify how to renew both urban and suburban area to build eco and disaster resilient city. As a result, it is important to cooperate both areas under the TDR method to improve environment and disaster resilient, and cost effectiveness became clear.

Tokyo Metropolitan Government planned Tokyo Tama Intercity Monorail to enhance public transportation network in the north-south direction of Tama area in 1981, and Kamikitadai Station to Tama Center Station was opened to traffic in 2000. Currently, there is a plan to extend from Tama-center Station to Machida and Hachioji. In the plan for Machida, Machida City predicted the effect of suppressing population decline and the economic effect, but the study does not take into account the sustained impact of monorail extension, such as land use around stations. Therefore, we analyzed the causal relationship between the change in land use around the station and the increase and decrease in the number of passengers, and how passengers move to the new station using the person trip survey. The estimation result for the number of passengers was unrealistic. On the other hand, Transportation analysis was significant for walking.

It is important to have interest of our town for Community Development and creating civic pride. However, we have little opportunities to have interest in our town in our life. So, we planed the Community Development workshop of junior and senior high school students in Matsuno Town, Ehime. We aimed to provide an opportunity to have interest in their town and consider the elements to plan a better workshop. In this workshop, we could have important points. First, Local Study was very necessary. It was to make an opportunity to investigate the town. Second, using hands and thinking made them understand the town deeply. Finally, the presentation could create the interaction of other generations of people.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of road space maintenance and management methods by clarifying the characteristics of road spaces as well as the characteristics and problems of the “road cooperative organization system.” The details of using the road space and the bottleneck in conducting profitable activities were investigated using a questionnaire and hearing survey. Moreover, the relationship between the characteristics of the road space and each potential activity was analyzed. Subsequently, it was found that in the event of a business activity, a space not affecting pedestrians was selected or activities on the land of the road manager were preferred. However, many organizations were unable to perform their activities frequently due to unclear criteria of road use permits and low profitability.

This study aims to identify the latest situation of vacant lots in residential community of the Greater Tokyo Area，where the population is about to decline. By having Kashiwa City as a case study, the authors identified the current number and distribution of vacant lots by the inventory survey. Then we compared them with the result of the past survey conducted in 2011. One of the results shows that the vacant lots cultivated as a garden in 2011 are not subject to development, while others tend to turn to housings.

In growing cities, the pressure of urbanisation is threatening traditional allotment gardens. The City of Berlin revised its Allotment Garden Development Plan (KEP) in 2019 to respond to the emerging demand for potential construction land due to the rapidly increasing population. This article reports how the KEP changed to discuss an effective way of balancing conservation of urban gardening spaces with the demand for urban development. While the previous KEP focused mostly on the existing legal zoning system to secure allotment gardens, the new KEP used statistical and spatial analysis to elaborate on the significance of allotment gardens. Furthermore, the renewed categorisation system for allotment gardens shows more explicitly whether each garden site should be secured or can be developed. In summary, Berlin’s KEP became a more data-driven plan and shows development possibility clearly.

In the past, the flood mitigation measures and wisdom of the ancestors were inherited in the villages. Recently, however, the opportunities to learn about past disasters and local knowledge on flood preparedness methods have been extremely reduced. In this study, survey of literature and ancient documents, interpretation of ancient maps, interviews to local elderlies and field observations were conducted in three districts in Shiga-cho area in Otsu-city, Shiga Prefecture. The survey results showed that the damage of flood and landslide disasters ere dependent on on the geology and geographical features of settlement, and the measures to be taken were different in each settlement. It is important to record the accumulated knowledge and to transfer them to next generations.