The purpose of this study is to analyze the actual conditions of efforts by municipalities that have formulated plans for the Maintenance and Improvement of Historic Landscape, focusing on changes in the content of the plans, and to identify issues in the medium- to long-term operation of the plans. Through this study, it became clear that (1) improvement of buildings and infrastructure was implemented in the first phase of the plan, however, securing and training successors and human resources have been becoming important issues in the second phase, (2) it is required to improve support measures to meet the changing demands of municipalities. Based on these findings, this study points out that it is necessary to enhance support measures concerning securing and training successors and human resources in order to promote maintenance and improvement of historic landscape.

The purpose of this study is to discuss the current state and issues of public facility management in local public organizations after the formulation of a comprehensive public facility management plan, targeting municipalities that have already formulated a comprehensive public facility management plan in Fukushima Prefecture. This study clarifies that there are many local governments that formulate individual facility plans providing only facility policies and have not implemented and have no plan to implement relocation projects. Based on these findings, this study points out that it is necessary to develop institutional conditions that promote formulating plans to reduce the amount of floor space of public facilities and improve the quality of public service through relocation of public facilities based on integral operation with urban planning and collaboration with residents.

Soma Nomaoi is a traditional festival that has been held every summer in Soma City, Minamisoma City and surrounding areas in Fukushima Prefecture. The purpose of this study is to clarify how Soma Nomaoi has changed and has been continued for hundreds of years. As a result of the study, it became clear that Soma Nomaoi has been gradually developed and its structure was built at the end of 17th century, that it has survived through changing its mode drastically although it fell on the verge of disappearing several times, and that the content of the current Soma Nomaoi is different from that of the Edo period because it was forced to change its mode in the Meiji era in particular.

We examined the functions of the barrier-free basic plan system in the case of ordinance-designated cities. The purpose of this study is to clarify the function of the barrier-free basic plan system and to suggest a method for setting priority development areas. This study conducted a literature search on the barrier-free basic plan system of ordinance-designated cities, and clarified the differences in department and from. Next, this study conducted a hearing survey with the person in charge of the local government, focusing on the ordinance-designated cities in the Kansai region. Based on the survey results, this study clarified the functions of the barrier-free basic plan system and proposed a method for setting priority development areas in ordinance-designated cities.

While there has been redevelopment in pursuit of comfortable spaces in the city, there has been a lack of consideration for place inherency, which is the history of a place, such as the event of grass and trees growing in the street. However, since places are landscapes and spaces formed in the course of daily life, it is necessary to update methods that emphasize views, considerations, and place inherency. In order to do this, we will use Christopher Alexander's pattern language, which presents a collection of theories of generally comfortable spaces, for critical verification, and we will try to clarify the spatial characteristics of place by having those involved in the renewal process learn about place by recording a large number of spaces with regard to the point of accepting the erasure of place. We sought a method of renewal by recording many spaces, learning about places, and improvising.

We analyzed disaster risks associated with the estimate of river flooding/overflowing as well as high tide inundation for public health facilities, including 160 public health centers in Tokyo, based on a map of the estimated high tide inundation area for the Arakawa and Tone Rivers published by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism in the digital national land information. As a result, it was found that 41 facilities near the Arakawa River (25.6% of the total) and 18 facilities near the Tone River (11.3% of the total) were assumed to be inundated by the expected maximum scale of flood.46 public health center facilities, or 28.8% of the total, were assumed to be inundated by the expected maximum scale of high tide. As a countermeasure against inundation in these public health facilities, it is considered necessary to take tangible measures such as relocating the facilities to a location with a lower risk of flooding, setting up backup offices to secure alternative functions, and installing watertight panels. In addition, it is considered that intangible measures such as the formulation of a timeline, i.e., a disaster prevention action plan, which organizes disaster prevention action procedures in chronological order, are necessary so that people working at public health center facilities can evacuate quickly.

Today, various fields are seeking “Urban Management Theory”. However, the academic status and significance of “Urban Management Theory” is unclear. Therefore, in this paper, we organized past studies in order to consider the status and significance of “Urban Management Theory”. In conclusion, we derived key elements such as “Improvement of citizen welfare”, “Public-private partnerships”, “Interdisciplinary”, and “Object-oriented approach”.

In Japan, the service economy has progressed, and the industrial structure has become more sophisticated. On the other hand, in this study, we investigated whether these changes also occurred in areas where individual industries were concentrated. In this study, based on the triangular diagram, the cities, wards, towns and villages of Japan were classified according to the state of the industrial structure. As a result, from the 1980s to the 2010s, about 90% of local governments promoted service economy, and about half of them realized the sophistication of industrial structure. From the social map, it was confirmed that there are regional disparities such that the areas where the sophistication of the industrial structure has been realized are limited to the central part of the metropolitan area.

In Japan, the population was concentrated in areas with many manufacturing workers during the period of high economic growth, while the population was concentrated in areas with many tertiary industry workers during the period of low growth. In this study, in order to clarify the relationship between the state of the industrial structure in the region and the influx of young people, a correlation analysis was conducted using the municipalities in the Tokyo area as the analysis unit. As a result, it was shown that the more workers in the finance, insurance, and real estate industries, the greater the influx of young people. It was also confirmed that the more service workers there are, the larger the population inflow, and the more manufacturing workers there are, the smaller the population inflow.

This paper introduces an example of the urban farmland system that was adopted by the City of Hiroshima beginning in 2020 and considers the perspectives necessary to introduce this system to local governments from the point of view of city government. After confirming the current state of urban farming in Hiroshima City and the issue of inheritance, it examines the requirements necessary for urban farmland and the relationship it has with agricultural cooperatives, and finally, discusses the future direction of community-focused city planning that coexists with agriculture.

The article is to develop a method and system tool for statistical analysis of visitor flow by using mobile phone GPS location data. The MySQL database were developed and QGIS tool were implemented. By the combination of the two systems, we developed a tool to provide the geographical visibility of visitors' stay and movement, which is aimed to provide the applicability and mythology of GPS big data technology in architecture and urban planning.

This research aims to clarify the regionality incorporated in the design planning of the public roadside station named ‘Michi-no-eki’ in Japan. At first, we extracted phrases expressing regionality from the 17 works of the monthly "Shinkenchiku" magazine and classify 9 items. Using these items, we classified descriptions of 145 model ‘Michi-no-eki’ selected by Japanese government. As a result, half of them do not mention the regionality on the design planning. It means ‘Michi-no-eki’ does not need to take regionality as a building. Besides them, 41 ‘Michi-no-eki’ took ‘motif’ to express the regionality. Motif seems a means of expressing the regionality on design planning of ‘Michi-no-eki’. However, regionality can be expressed by a wide variety of ways including 9 items which we classified.

In 2018 Amagasaki Castle Tower was reconstructed and donated to city government. The purpose of this study is to investigate how people recognize the reconstructed castle tower and to find out the significance of reconstruction. We conducted the questionnaire survey to visitors of the castle tower in December 2021 and collected 154 responses. The results shows that the castle tower is recognized as a sightseeing spot because it provides historical exhibitions and events to visitors. It can be an opportunity for visitors to have interest in local history and that contribute to the city’s tourism policies. The reconstructed castle tower improved image of the city and push historical city planning forward.

In order to accept people living in multiple locations in the area, it is necessary to have the understanding of the local residents. The purpose of this study is to clarify the factors and mechanisms that encourage the encounter between people living in multiple locations and residents. From this study, it was found that the encounter with people living in multiple locations provide extraordinary opportunities for the residents and has the effect of realizing the charm of the area. The method of encouraging residents to participate in the opportunity to meet people living in multiple locations depends on the type of opportunity. In order to increase the chances of meeting people living in multiple locations, it is important to obtain the cooperation of "regional mediators" trusted by the residents.

It was assumed that Kasumi levees would create closer relationships between cities and rivers through the gaps between the levees. In order to prove this hypothesis, it was necessary to verify the visibility and accessibility of the rivers from the cities through the gaps in the levees at 38 sites that had been confirmed to be used as park green spaces among 296 sites in 48 rivers in Japan as previously reported. This paper is a report on the results of the field survey of three sites on the Doki River out of the 38 sites. As the results of the survey, the followings were found. (1) There were factors that reduce the visibility and accessibility of the river from the city, such as raised ground, trees, buildings, facilities, and restricted land. (2) The park green spaces had spatial features that made it possible for the visitors to recognize that those were Kasumi levees.

This study analyzed the evaluation project of urban parks by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism, Japan, and clarified the relationship between the evaluation index and parks’ functioning. Due to the survey, when the correspondence between the evaluation index and the functioning was analyzed, the evaluation index regarding the function of the landscape was not shown. Moreover, the presence or absence of related projects constituted an evaluation index for the functioning of tourism and vitality, and their actual state has not been evaluated. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an index to evaluate the performance of functions based on human use, such as landscape and tourism.

This study examines shaped specific optimal lifestyle for multi-habitation through explore of Living Dynamic pattern and the new lifestyle using housing subscription. It is showed that transfer changes from means of visit a co-living place to ends of change life environment. There is need for flexible relationship to encounter a different point of view in their lives through information exchange of life on the spot. Living Dynamic pattern is affected by a life demand of necessity of home, cause of using housing subscription and how to select a co-living place. Specific optimal lifestyle depends on the pattern. This lifestyle is suitable for person that not want to have a permanent resident and regional bonds but want to transfer, work and communicate freely.

In order to think about the future of the living environment in the suburbs of Tokyo, we grasped the residents' awareness of 　housing maintenance and intention to settle and relocate, and grasp the relationship between the burden of housing maintenance and relocation. In a detached house, it can be said that there is a relationship between the burden of housing maintenance for residents and the intention to relocate.

A bus rapid transit (BRT) system was planned to be introduced in Ulaanbaatar to reduce car dependency. However, most inhabitants know little about the BRT system, and it is therefore important to design an adequate questionnaire survey on BRT usage intention. This study aims to reveal whether different descriptions of the BRT system can affect people's preferences for the BRT. The following three descriptions were used: (1) text and photographs, (2) text and illustrations, and (3) text only. A web-based survey of Ulaanbaatar’s inhabitants was conducted, and the three survey types were randomly assigned to the 79 respondents. The results revealed that (2) text and illustrations were most effective in gaining people’s preference for the BRT system. These results imply that visualizing the BRT system in questionnaires should be considered carefully.

The purpose of this study is to clarify whether and how the current characteristics of green affect land prices in mature residential areas where green space agreements have been concluded.As a result, it was estimated that the land price would increase as the front road width, the area of the nearest park, and the green rate coverage value increased, and the land price would decrease as the distance from the nearest station and the building coverage ratio increased. Regarding green management failure, the correlation coefficient with land prices was a positive number, so it is considered necessary to reexamine the setting of the index.

This study analyzed the spatial design of community gardens by focusing on the characteristics of place, location, and people. The research sites were nine locations that were visited over a period of 6 days in December 2021. The research methods were mainly field surveys and interviews. Regarding the characteristics of the location, it was found that any location can be a community garden if it has more advantages than disadvantages. As for the characteristics of the location, it became clear that the history and climate of the area and the living environment were the determining factors in the design of the space. As for the characteristics of people, the initial members of the team constructed the overall layout and concept. And as for the rest, it was clarified that there were many cases of gradual changes in response to changes in the organization and participants.

As ‘spongy urban area’ becomes a nationwide issue, there is a need to utilize low-used public real estate by utilizing the ideas of private businesses. The purpose of this study was to clarify the actual status and issues of projects to promote the utilization of public real estate through public-private partnerships. First, we analyzed the websites of all prefectures and found that seven prefectures have a page for accepting proposals for utilization by the private sector. Next, we conducted a case study on Fukuoka Prefecture. Fukuoka Prefecture has built a database of properties owned by the prefecture and each municipality, and has made it easy for private businesses to obtain information. On the other hand, the actual utilization of the public real estate requires cooperation with the business attraction department.

In Japan, the number of vacant house businesses by the private sector is increasing. The aim of this study is to clarify the actual situation of the vacant house business by focusing on matching sites, and to clarify the possibility of public-private cooperation to promote the matching of vacant houses. Firstly, we analyzed the characteristics of the matching sites and found a diversity in terms of the target area, the scope of business. In addition, through the case studies of matching sites with public-private partnerships, public-private partnerships can complement each other in addressing the issues of municipal vacant house banks and private vacant house matching sites, and are expected to improve the problem of vacant houses and revitalize local communities.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the breadth of research on the relationship between "rambling" and urban space and urban design. 95 literature has been organized, and one turning point is the period when "urban activity" was established as the definition and purpose of "rambling. As for the breadth of research, studies on people have been accumulated, but studies on space and literature, as well as time-series and international comparisons, have not been accumulated.Walking with purpose has been applied to actual urban spaces, and has been incorporated into the planning perspective of "how to make people walk (more). However, when the original theory of "why people walk" was first sought, it tended to be more free and bold in a sense.

Annual consum ption of sake and the number of production licenses are on the decline. This could cause a loss of regional characteristics of sake breweries (Sakagura). On the other hand, the movement of utilizing sake brewery architectures as tourism destinations can been seen in recent years, leading to the revitalization of the region. Accordingly, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive survey to clarify the status of remaining breweries in Japan and the actual conditions of utilization of sake brewery architectures . In the previous studies , we cond ucted surveys of Kaetsu, Sado, and Chuetsu areas in Niigata prefecture , and in this paper , we will summarize the entire prefecture including the results of the Joetsu area and the results of the previous studies.

Studies of early modern towns are conducted in Japan to grasp their history and culture. However, there are fewer studies of early modern port towns compared to castle towns. It is not generally known that several early modern port towns located on the coastal area of the Sea of Japan were built as outports of castle towns. The purpose of this study is to uncover formation process and urban morphology of early modern port towns located on the coastal area of the Sea of Japan. As a result of the analysis , there is a tendency that the town structure of the harbor side was rationally planned, and on the other hand , the inner side was unregulated.

Kagai collectively inherit many aspects of traditional Japanese culture. In the past, it has been supported by customers, by the name of "Danna", in the business world. However, in recent years, the subjects and contents of the patronage have been changed. This study aims to clarify management and activity of patronal organization in 61 Kagai throughout Japan. As a conclusion, patronal organizations are in 37 Kagai, that is more than half of all one. In addition, we found that kagai was supported by direct patronage (skill, equipment, livelihood of Geisha, management) and indirect patronage (opportunities, publicity) in order.

Roof ridge orientation of machiya (traditional merchant house) is a key element of streetcape. As the number of machiya has been decreasing in recent years, basic survey is urgently needed Furthermore, because the direction of roof ridge may change within a narrow area, it is necessary to conduct a nationwide investigation on a per-settlement basis. This research is target at Tochigi Prefecture. It also looks at remaining condition of machiya in major district of each settlement.There are a lot of villages where there are a lot of tateya(roof style where the main entrance is on one or both of the gabled sides) and hukugougata(Front part　of machiya is　the entrance at the side parallel with the ridge,the part of the back is tateya) in Tochigi prefecture, were not able to confirm Kyoto model Machiya. Documents did not have a mention 6 villages among the high rank 10 villages which density of Machiya was high in. It confirmed machiya having the outer wall which was a stone-clad or both sides shutter box as the appearance properties.

Roof ridge orientation of machiya(traditional merchant house) is a key element of streetcape.As the number of machiya has been decreasing in recent years,basic survey is urgently needed.Furthermore,because the direction of roof ridge may change within a narrow area,it is necessary to conduct a nationwide investigation on a per-settlement basis.This research is targeted at Ibaraki Prefecture.It also looks at remaining condition of machiya in major district of each settlement.Based on historical documents such as old maps and provincial maps of Japan(Edo period), a simple and wide-area survey was conducted using the Internet map function. As a result, 517 machiya buildings were found in 36 villages. The roof ridge orientation of machiya was found to have a similar trend throughout Ibaraki Prefecture. In addition, there were many townhouses with "storehouses" and townhouses with door bags at both ends of the second floor windows.

In this study, we focused on "peddling," a small economic activity that is part of mobile vending. The purpose of this study is to conduct a basic research to interpret the socio-economic world unit constructed by peddling through literature review. As a result, the following has become clear. The study of peddling has declined, but the study of distribution and mobile sales has taken over. Next, peddling was a "complementary" type of mobile sales that supported livelihoods. This was divided into two types: the "relief type" that responds to solving social problems and the "value-creating type" that actively creates new forms of activity.

Urban gardening has various functions including health improvement and community building, which are important in an aging society. The smallest park types called gaiku koen in Japan can be a place for securing accessible community gardens in each neighborhood. However, it is generally an obstacle that growing and harvesting vegetables and fruits in public urban parks are regarded as inappropriate activity in terms of public interest. To overcome the problem, this report introduces how Toyama City started a municipal community garden project in gaiku koen. The key findings are: 1) The municipality convinced the responsible ministry that community gardens would be beneficial to urban dwellers, especially elderly people, and effective to meet current needs for gaiku koen. 2) The initiative for starting a community garden is entrusted to a park care association comprised of local residents through an official process.