Small scale office buildings located in downtown Tokyo have deteriorated, and office buildings are expected to be renewed in the future. The government is promoting public contribution through deregulation and incentives utilizing Urban Renewal Measures. On the other hand, supply of privately owned public space utilizing Urban Renewal Measures has been done as a way to contribute to public contributions such as comfort of cities. However, there are concerns about the supply of small privately owned public space in Small scale office buildings located in downtown Tokyo. Therefore, it is necessary to consider a new system that flexibly evaluates public contributions. The purpose of this study is to clarify the way of introducing public contribution in district levels linked with urban development. As a result, it became clear that it is possible to improve the feasibility of public contribution measures on district levels by utilizing the proposal system and business scheme.

The purpose of this study is to clarify whether the establishment of an additional interchange has achieved economic activation in the area surrounding the interchange. Analyses using regional mesh data were conducted for areas within a radius of 5 km centered on the additional interchange. As a result, it was confirmed that the installation of the additional interchange achieved population growth in the area surrounding the interchange. Moreover, in the area near the railway line, the tendency of population growth and the concentration of companies was strongly confirmed. These results suggest that cooperation with stakeholders is important when setting up an additional interchange.

In this study, we analyzed what kind of social changes are occurring in society of Japan as the spread of the COVID-19 infection continues. In this study, correlation analysis was performed using data for each prefecture. As a result, it was shown that the number of out-migrants is increasing in areas where the spread of the COVID-19 infection is remarkable. In addition, it was shown that the number of unemployed is increasing in areas where the spread of the COVID-19 infection is remarkable. In urban spaces where such social changes are occurring, economic productivity and income levels may decline. However, it is also true that we need to do more detailed data analysis in the future.

The article is to verify the regression analysis between actual number of visitors and the　measured values of the Wi-Fi packet sensor, aims to provide a simple and versatile method to　estimate the actual number of visitors in urban tourist area. The verification was done for　visitors in Yokohama Minato Mirai 21 visitoring spots. Actual visitor numbers were obtained　through investigator’s manual count, which was fitted with the values from Wi-Fi packet sensor　by using regression analysis method. The result shows that the significance F value of all　regression equations and the p-value of the regression coefficient of the measured value x are　less than 0.01 (p <0.01), and the regression equations of the actual observed values are　significant at the 0.01 level.

This paper develops logsum-type space-time accessibility measures that consider two-stage decision making and discuss the plausibility of the measures. First, we formulate the accessibility measures, employing a nested logit modeling framework. Then, we investigate the plausibility of our proposed measures through a case study. Specifically, we use the proposed measures to analyze university students’ space-time accessibility to shopping opportunities. Based on the results of the case study, we argue that the space-time accessibility measures proposed in this paper can adequately gauge the degree of individuals’ space-time accessibility.

Recently, under the prevention of global warming, low carbon development, such as net Zero Energy House (ZEH) is required because of significant reduction of CO2. ZEH utilizes renewable energy and can supply energy even in the event of a disaster such as a power outage, so it is expected to be used as an evacuation at home. In addition, ZEH blocks can further reduce CO2 emissions and strengthen regional resilience by electric power interchanging of surplus power on a block basis. However, the introduction of environmental measures requires a large amount of money, and it is important to ensure economic efficiency. This paper deals with clarifying the ideal way of ZEH block development for sustainable city construction in Urayasu City, from the viewpoint of environmental and disaster prevention. From the analysis, the use of the development measures for each district was difficult to the economic efficiency of the Stakeholders, but ZEH blocks contribute to the achievement of carbon-free society.

In recent years, the maintenance and management of plazas have been promoted towards revitalizing the central area. The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics and issues of three types of management form (designated manager system, outsourced management, and self-management) and to suggest a guideline for selecting a sustainable management form of plazas. This study focused on five plazas in Kansai region, and conducted a hearing survey with the local government and managers. Based on the survey results, three types of management form were analyzed from the perspective of location, role, and cost. This study suggests that it is important to clarify the images of plaza and to select a management form that is suitable to the local conditions.

A number of earthquake memorial parks have opened in areas affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake, and they are being used to pass down experiences of the disaster. This study focused on citizens’ awareness of these memorial parks. Online research was conducted on 1,080 people living in nine coastal municipalities in the Miyagi prefecture, closest to the earthquake’s epicenter. The importance of the role of the earthquake memorial park was evaluated. Parks were recognized as "a place to transmit disasters to descendants," "to transmit the importance of life," and "a place for prayer and mourning." They are also deemed important places for passing down the experience. They are seen as a global resource symbolic of both recovery and disasters. However, only about 40% of people were aware of the memorial park in their city, and only about 20% were highly willing to use it.

We examined the relationship between urban public park characteristics and the evaluation of park management in the Designated Manager System (Shitei-kanrisya-seido: DMS) through the case of Hyogo prefectural park to improve the way of park management. The materials used for the analysis are plans of the targeted parks and relevant documents. According to these materials, the information on park types and facilities were sorted. Then we employed interview surveys with designated managers and their candidates to grasp how the evaluation of park management is conducted in the DMS. By using these results, existing problems of the DMS were discussed. The results show that the evaluation of park management based on park characteristics has not been sufficiently carried out in all the targeted parks. It was also found that designated managers had difficulty in understanding sufficiently what is the ideal management taking park characteristics into consideration like. These findings indicate the necessity of unique evaluation indicators for the park management evaluation in relation to park characteristics. The park management plans for each public park may be also needed.

The aim of this paper is to clarify the impact of the new coronavirus infection on restaurants from the perspectives of business conditions, business type change, use of outdoor space, and use of support systems by conducting an Instagram-based questionnaire survey of restaurants in Toyohashi City. It was found that the impact of coronavirus on the business conditions of restaurants was greater in urbanized areas than in urbanization control areas. In the urbanized areas, after the pandemic, restaurants began to offer take-out services and use outdoor spaces to maintain and improve their business conditions. In the future, there is a possibility that more restaurants will open stores in urbanization control areas, diversify their business types, and use outdoor spaces, and it is necessary to take this situation into account in urban planning and support systems.

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the characteristics of the area around railway stations (station area) in Japan that have kept or increased the population level in the 20 years since 1995. The result of micro population data analysis shows the following findings; the total population of station areas has increased by more than 6 million in Japan, the population tends to be inversely proportional to the number of years the station has been in operation, and even around a station that has been in operation for more than 50 years, half of the station areas in commercial areas of major cities or in urbanized areas of provincial cities has kept or increased their population level.

This study focuses on a ‘community center’, which is an important institution in local communities. This study aims to clarify what the changing population dynamics and population structures have had on activities held in community centers.

From a population dynamics perspective, activities that target several generations were developed during periods of population growth, whereas the activities that target households were developed during periods of decline. It is clear that changes in the population dynamics and structure affect the activities of community centers. In this paper, activities related to human rights, disaster prevention, and community development were confirmed.

Following the Great East Japan Earthquake, a large amount of the government-leased private rental Interim housing was supplied in the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake. In order to clarify the characteristics of it, we conducted a questionnaire survey of households who moved into it after being damaged by the disaster in Mashiki Town and a comparison analysis with the government-constructed temporary housing in the same disaster. As a result, it allowed disaster victims to acquire larger temporary housing earlier, but moved far from place of residence before the disaster when moving in. Moreover, residents of it tended to have fewer children and the elderly and to hope to rebuild their homes in different municipalities.

Following the Great East Japan Earthquake, a large amount of the government-leased private rental interim housing was supplied in the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake. In order to clarify the characteristics of it, we conducted a questionnaire survey of households who moved into it after being damaged by the disaster in Mashiki Town and a comparison analysis with it in the Great East Japan Earthquake. As a result, the personal relationships of the victims themselves played a major role in finding properties to be used for it in both disasters. Moreover, when moving into it, there was a move far from the place of residence before the disaster in both disasters. However, in the Kumamoto earthquake, most people returned to their original place of residence when the house was rebuilt.

Following the Great East Japan Earthquake, a large amount of the government-leased private rental interim housing was supplied in the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake. In order to clarify characteristics and challenges of housing recovery process after residence in it, we conducted a questionnaire survey of households who moved into it after being damaged by the disaster in Mashiki Town and analysis of residential relocation and household attribution. As a result, it found out that single elderly and young households have moved out of their original place of residence. In particular, single elderly households are isolated by moving to it, and as a result, tended to rebuild their homes far from their original place of residence reluctantly.

Indices such as the Gini coefficient have been used to measure the spatially uneven distribution of crime in cities. However, the Gini coefficient has the disadvantage of overestimating spatially uneven distribution of crimes under low crime frequency situations, including Japan. To overcome this problem, this paper analyzes the spatially uneven distributions of eight types of crimes reported in the last 12 years in the 23 wards of Tokyo and Osaka City using the “Rare Event Concentration Coefficient” (RECC). The results of the analysis were as follows: a) RECC was able to detect spatially uneven distributions in low-frequency crime situations, which is difficult to detect with the Gini coefficient; b) RECCs were large for commercial and office burglaries, and small for residential burglaries, thefts from car, vehicle thefts, bicycle thefts, and purse snatchings.

The influence of the so-called ‘Airbnb effect’ on local housing markets has grown into a global cognition for affordability crisis and gentrification. We clarified the impacts of short-term rental on private rental housing market and examined the influencing factors in Osaka and Tokyo by using the rent gap theory. The results suggest that 1) Japanese short-term rentals have a large impact on private rental housing market and will have a greater impact on it than overseas in the future, 2) the municipalities' regulation on number of operating days proved to be effective.

The factors that influence the "subjective transportation convenience" is analyzed through classification using decision tree. In this study, we use the results of the "Questionnaire Survey on Housing and Transportation" conducted in the area around Shin-Yurigaoka Station in Asao Ward, Kawasaki City. In addition, a decision tree analysis is used as a method for clarifying factors that affect "subjective traffic convenience". As a result, it was clarified that the walking time from home to the station, the height difference from home to the station, and the time required for the bus had a strong influence.

In Japan, many previous studies on the relationships between population density and the quantity and structure of urban green space have adopted municipal boundaries as an analytical unit. While these studies can evaluate municipality-based policies, they cannot capture conurbation, which is the expansion of urban areas beyond municipal boundaries. In order to evaluate the quality and accessibility of urban green space, it is necessary to capture this conurbation. In this study, we used the Global Human Settlement Layer to investigate the relationships. As a result, it was found that the population density did not show a negative correlation with the quantity of urban green space as reported in previous studies. We also found that the structure of green space was significantly related to population density.

The village of Tsuchigaya, Hongu Town, Tanabe City, Wakayama Prefecture, is located on a slope at the foot of the Hatenashi Mountain Range, with the Kumano River flowing in a wide meander to the east. Most of the houses have stone walls to prevent the wind from blowing down from the Hatenashi Mountains, which is particularly strong from the north. Until the early Showa period, most of the residents were raftsmen and the houses were distributed along the mountain roads and rivers. However, in 1953, the Great Kishu Flood occurred, and many houses along the river were damaged. The residents along the river either left Tsuchigoya or moved to higher ground within Tsuchigoya. The floods also prompted the development of dams along the Kumano River and the improvement of the road network, which put the raftsmen out of business and forced the residents along the road to move to lower ground. This is how the present-day Tsuchigoya village was formed. Windbreak stone walls were most common on the north side, where the wind is said to be strongest, and the average height of the stone walls was higher in the order of closer to the mountain road, closer to the river, and middle area. Therefore, it can be said that the stone walls along the street were the oldest and had the highest stacking techniques, and that the wind was strongest on the hillside. On the other hand, because the houses were new in the middle area, they were able to withstand the wind with only light protection. In addition to the stone walls, there were also windbreaks such as stones and wire netting on the roofs, and Odare to protect from the wind and rain.

In this study, we conducted a WEB questionnaire survey using landscape photographs of both Nihon-maru Memorial Park and Zou-no-hana Park, and grasped the constituents and impressions of evaluation, and analyzed the structure and factors of landscape evaluation. As a result, the landscape evaluations of both parks are relatively high, and there are several differences between the two parks. It was found that the evaluation of Zou-no-hana Park was slightly higher than that of Nihon-maru Memorial Park. We showed the impression words of Nihon-maru Memorial Park are “futuristic” and “urban”, and the impression words of Zou-no-hana Park are “historical” and “quaint”, and it became clear that the factors that determine the landscape evaluation are different in two parks.

Going out behavior has dramatically changed, due to the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). We clarify how the new coronavirus infection affected outing behavior, the use of outdoor spaces, and the degree of life satisfaction. As a result, there was a correlation between the frequency of going out and the degree of life satisfaction, and we showed a decrease in the degree of life satisfaction. Outdoor spaces such as parks and green roads are one of the places to go, but few people selected outdoor spaces as new outing, so it is important to secure outdoor spaces as safe places to go out.

Street activities in residential areas enrich our lives at home. A traffic rule born in the Netherlands, Woonerf, or “Home Zones,” allows residents unrestricted activities in the streets. However, certain traffic control is necessary for the safety of street users, such as a street hierarchy. This paper thus proposes planning of “Living Streets Master Plan” in residential areas. According to the plan, streets are classified into major living streets, residents’ streets, communication streets, and front garden paths. Zoshigaya is a typical densely built wooden housing area in Tokyo. This paper proposes a process of classifying streets into four living street categories. Residents in Zoshigaya joined mock public hearing sessions, understood the meaning of the Living Streets Category, and accepted the proposed master plan. This scheme can be applied to many residential areas in Japan.

In Japan, flood damages and risks are increasing and large-scale earthquakes are predicted. In particular, the actual conditions and issues of disaster prevention measures of super high-rise buildings are not fully researched. The purpose of this study is to grasp the disaster prevention activities of management associations and residents’ neighborhood associations of super high-rise condominiums, and cooperation activities with local governments and other organizations. In conclusion, this study identified common issues in each region and summarized key points related to strengthening of disaster prevention activities and local cooperation in super high-rise condominiums.

Residents and municipality of Hakodate City has preserved the historic environment for a long time. On the other hand, Hakodate has the problem which is deterioration of the living environment. We think renovation of various house-architectures that reflected historical backgraound (historic house-architecture) have potential to solve this problem. This study aim to clarify distribution, facade designs of house-architectures, and the relationship between them and the urban history of Hakodate. The results are as follows:(1)We extracted 1441 buildings as historic house-architecture. (2)Through the analysis from several phase, various type of historic house-architectures distribute like a mosaic. (3)Relation seems to exist historic house-architecture and urban formation period. (4)We should improve these considering the historical value of building.

It was attempted to search resident’s consciousness of the advantageous and disadvantageous effects of vacant lots in two different development phases of new towns. The purpose of this study was to verify whether personal attributes and regional characteristics are related to the evaluation of vacant lots. As a result, it was found that residents who recognize regional revitalization in town tend to evaluate vacant lots effectively. There are many children and regional revitalization in new town. On the other hand, there is declining birthrate and aging society and regional decline in old new town. It is considered that vacant lots are not good impression because population decline increase vacant lots. Therefore, residents in population decline area evaluate vacant lots.

Greenness visibility is already established as a useful index in landscape preference. In this study, we also considered the influence of sky visibility on landscape preference, as well as the combined influence of sky and greenness visibility. We took pictures in residential area and classified them into four groups: “sky-large-greenness-large”, “sky-large-greenness-small”, “sky-small-greenness-large”, “sky-small-greenness-small”. Afterwards, we measured landscape preference of the pictures through web-based questionnaires and conducted a conjoint analysis. Results showed that sky visibility had a positive effect on landscape preference with a slightly smaller effect than greenness visibility. Our results also suggested that greening in residential areas in smaller sky visibility and better sky visibility in densely built-up areas would be a key strategy to improve the visual quality of residential landscapes.

Because of COVID-19, our life, including the use of an urban park, drastically changed while we spend time with stay-at-home style. This study aims to find the characteristics of urban park usage during the COVID-19 crisis. We conducted observational surveys in five parks for three months. We revealed how the park use changed due to the opening of playground equipment following the lifting of the state of emergency. We found the demand for the park increased under the state of emergency and the difference in children’s park use between the situation in the emergency state and that in usual. We should reconsider the management of park during the state of emergency based on research.

This study deals with the traditional knowledge in disaster prediction in Aichi Prefecture. In recent years, the culture of disaster tradition has been lost. To raise awareness of disaster prevention, it is necessary to effectively analyze, preserve and utilize disaster traditions. Research methods are primarily literature review and text mining, including frequent word analysis and co-occurrence analysis. As a result, it was found that although there is no big difference in the traditional knowledge in disaster prediction in the topography of Aichi prefecture, there are some differences in the words that appear. Also, when it comes to disasters, the language that appears in tradition varies greatly depending on the disaster that is predicted. In the future, it is assumed that will be able to utilize the traditional knowledge in disaster prediction by increasing the number of samples and regions for comparison.

Under the population declining and aging society, there is a need for the initiative to maintain and improve living environment in suburban detached housing areas in local cities. This paper aims at clarifying the characteristics of housing complexes and the actual state of living environment management activities in Nagasaki City. As results, 1) the suburban detached housing areas are classified into four types; 2) the policy to promote community initiatives has been conducted by the City but not so active in old towns; and 3) through the cases studies, the situation of community activities seems to be related with the history of development and land use. To promote living environment management, it is significant to consider the presence or absence of local problems at the initial stage, the space for activities in the area, and intervention of the municipality in activities during the development phase.

This study clarifies the damage and current state of forest and forestry in Fukushima, summarizes the outline and achievement of countermeasures after the nuclear accident, and identifies the current state and issues for the regeneration of forest and forestry in 58 municipalities in Fukushima. It clarifies that (1) forestry is recovering, but forests are being devastated in Fukushima Prefecture, (2) all 58 municipalities have challenges for forest and forestry regeneration, (3) more than half of these municipalities have requests for forest and forestry regeneration to the national government. This study points out that it is necessary to implement and continue existing projects and to establish a system that enables projects to be implemented throughout the forest based on the actual conditions.

The Nankai Trough earthquake will cause enormous damage to western Japan, and it is expected that a considerable period of time will be required for disaster recovery. After the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, the Niigata Chuetsu Earthquake and the Great East Japan Earthquake made it difficult to reach consensus for reconstruction projects, the collapse of local communities due to the disaster, and the prolongation of reconstruction. Based on these experiences, pre-disaster recovery efforts are needed. The objectives of this study is to clarify the long-term effects of the damage caused by the Nankai Trough earthquake on the affected areas, to consider the effects of the measures in pre-disaster recovery of spatial plan in the reconstruction process, and to discuss the issues in pre-disaster recovery of spatial plan. Then, we consider the effectiveness of the methodology using scenario planning in comparison with the methodology of the conventional pre-disaster recovery of spatial plan.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between the tumulus and the surrounding urban areas from the　perspective of secular changes in the formation of block and the road ratio, and to contribute to the future planning of the area around the tumulus. Two analyses were conducted: one was to compare the trends in the formation of block using　Geographical Survey Institute maps for the six selected years, and the other was to determine the ratio of road area to the area of the adjacent range. As a result of the study, we clarified the following. A formation of block parallel to the tumulus and a radial formation of block centered on the tumulus were formed. In addition, the percentage of roads with a small number of lanes was high around the tumulus. Therefore, it was found that the ancient tumulus and residential areas were deeply related.

Some municipalities in metropolitan areas have institutionalized the privately owned sidewalks(民有歩道状空地) on individual site. In planned area, pedestrian spaces are well-developing which considered to have low need for private sector providing. Therefore, the effectiveness of the privately owned sidewalks needs to be evaluated. In this research, first, an overview of the institutions in 23 wards of Tokyo was conducted. Next, an effectiveness was determined in Takashimadaira 7, 8, 9 of Itabashi City. The results showed that the institutions were established in 17/23 wards of Tokyo with different requirements. Focusing on Takashimadaira 7, 8 and 9, the amount of privately owned sidewalks is secure, but the qualities are various. Many of them were not functioning as sidewalks, due to the lack of continuity and the obstacle from objects especially at the store fronts.

This paper explains the function and self-actualization of the Mutual Self-help Housing Program in the United States, using a framework that develops an inclusive society from the perspective of health to the conditions of the Maslow's hierarchy of needs. This paper's result indicates that the Mutual Self-help Housing Program has the function of empowering participating households and fostering social capital in the community through the output of affordable housing, the outcome of homeownership and the outgrowth of knowledge and technical support. And also, these functions are considered to be ones that lead to self-actualization of participating households.

This article proposes and examines a method for classifying residential streets in Suginami-ku, Tokyo. To some extent, it was possible to classify the area in which a land readjustment project was implemented by using either the Zoshigaya or Suginami types. Conversely, in the area in which the development of new fields was carried out, the number of community roads tended to increase by adopting the Zoshigaya type. However, the introduction of the Suginami type, which reflects the existing rules, slightly enriched the classification. Although the Zoshigaya type classification constitutes a foundation, it is advisable to introduce the Suginami type in places in which classification is difficult, such as the development of new fields.

Japan has been facing the aging population society, and then, the number of vacant houses has increased in these days. Some housing policies have been carried out towards ones. On the other hand, considering how to prevent becoming vacant houses is also important. Intergenerational homesharing has been attracted attention as converting vacant rooms of elderly household to student's room. Therefore, this study forces on them. First, we clarify the conditions of housing which is easy to repair. Secondly, we investigate the requests of residents and students by hearing and questionnaire survey. Finally, we present the evaluation index suitable for intergenerational homesharing by outcomes of these surveys.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the factors that cause residence behavior in order to reorganize public spaces and form third places. It was clarified that there were three factors that caused the residence behavior. 1． Devices and environments that can sit, 2 Freely available environment, 3 A device in which the line of sight is obstructed.

In recent years, many cities have begun to reevaluate the places where people live in the city center and in front of stations. In front of Namba Station, there is a multi-leveled structure that integrates the underground and aboveground areas, and the circulation in Namba is formed in a multi-level manner. The purpose of this study is to clarify the actual use of the space in front of a multi-level terminal station through a survey of ticket gate traffic and a follow-up survey. As a result, Many of the elderly are relatively likely to be near the ticket gates, while the young and middle-aged are likely to go to places a little further away from the ticket gates, such as entertainment, restaurants, and retail stores. Therefore, the circulation in Namba is dominated by the young and middle-aged. It also became clear that one of the characteristics of Namba, which is a multi-level city, is that commercial facilities such as Marui and Takashimaya are used as one way to go from the underground to the surface.