It was said that moss was the origin of forest. It was implied that a city was returning to a forest and that had been happening at our footing of at least 2 blocks on the east side of the station at the city of Hikone. Moss was more developed on the older block. The distribution density of the moss on the road was six times compared with the new block. The specific tendency was not admitted to the relations of the distribution density with either the distance from the adjacent forest or the microclimate of the place. On the other hand, the distribution was not seen on the ledge of the surface, on the place with frequent passage of a person and a car, and in front of the residence of cleaning loving family. In other words, moss had been spending long time and expanding the distribution level steadily while being influenced by human activity.

Shikamura-mizo was the agricultural canal into which river water was led by a weir of traditional form. The objective of this report was to grasp the compositions of landscape along this canal from the start to the end, and to gain knowledges about landscape of irrigation according to topography. The result showed that there were the sections in which the relationships between the canal and the topography were different from each other. Moreover, even in the section where the same relation between the canal and the topography continued, woods and houses created the varieties of landscape compositions along the canal. Such differences had not been pointed out in the previous report about the canal which relation with the topography had been more monotonous, so it was thought to be a new finding about the landscape of irrigation according to topography.

Biological characterization of urban phenomena, especially evolution theory, has been applied increasingly to urban planning during the last century. Now new trials must be conducted to introduce retrogression theory for declining urban areas to realize a sustainable future. This paper presents eight novel viewpoints to characterize the performance of retrogression phenomena: apoptosis, diet, simplification, atavism, mimicry, screening, triage, and neoteny. Among them, apoptosis means cell death that is programmed beforehand. Neoteny means maturation from infancy that proceeds to the next evolutionary step. Achieving an evolutionarily stable region (ESR) based on inter-regional coordination is indispensable for realizing sustainability.

Japanese government recently presented several urban planning theories to respond to the hyper-aged and depopulating society. In this paper, the position of these theories are discussed from the viewpoint of community service functions under the historical context of urban planning theories. Through the review of historical urban planning theories and recent theories in Japan, the followings were identified; 1) these recent theories inherit some basic points from the historical urban planning theories, 2) these recent theories share modern characteristics that are related to the fact that modern theories are applied to existing urban areas, 3) these recent theories try to respond to the hyper-aged and depopulating society, and 4) these recent theories don't have citywide comprehensive planning theory.

"Compact village" is emphasized as a sustainable region structure for rural areas. To realize this phenomenon, one must consider both compactness and networks. However, studies examining traffic of daily activities in rural areas are fewer than those of urban areas. For this study, we surveyed Hitachiota city, Ibaraki Prefecture, and assessed its actual conditions. Additionally, we inferred several requirements for existing "Compact Villages." First is the presence of daily facilities. Second is the score of accessibility toward daily facilities including large clusters in other cities. Third is the existence of a nearby road used by many people. When establishing a "Compact Village," one must consider these three requirements and assess the establishment probability of a "compact village," that does not rely on daily facilities and which supports social capital creation.

In this paper, we conducted two analyses on the Yokohama Walking Point Program. First, we analyzed the participation rate of the program by Zip code area. We found that the geographical distribution of the participation rate is different by age but not by sex and that more women participate in the program than men. Secondly, we defined the proximity to pedometer-readers of each Zip code area as the coverage ratio by 300m-buffers of pedometer-readers, and analyzed the relationship between the proximity to pedometer-readers and the participation rate of each Zip code. We found that there is no relationship between the two. It suggests that the proximity to the places doesn't affect the participation rate of the program if there are enough number of places when planning a program in which participants need to visit particular places.

Urban sprawl area with narrow roads distribute widely in Tokyo western urban where have risks such as fire progression or impossibility of emergency vehicle's passing each other at the time of disaster. In this study "Under 3m width road share" in units of 100m mesh was compared between the decades when these area were urbanized after Kanto earthquake disaster. It was revealed that under 3m width road share is highest where was urbanized in 1960's. It was also analyzed that under 3m width road share impacts on official land prices in category I exclusive low building residential zone. It was revealed that although they have no correlation, under 3m width road share can explain official land price with other explanatory variables.

Japan has become shrinking society and vacant houses are increasing. This has lead to the attention to relocation and renovation utilizing the existing housing stock in the future housing supply. Concerning relocation and renovation, a number of studies have been made, but there is no study of their easiness in districts. To fill the research gap, this study analyzed the relative easiness of short-distance relocation and renovation by extension or floor plans change in the cities of Tokyo Metropolis using Population Census and Housing and Land Survey data. The results obtained by multiple regression analysis considering the factors affecting easiness implied that the relocation increases and the renovation decreased in cities with higher density of housing.

This study aims tp clarify current situation and problems of re-redevelopment projects and considers the prospective direction of re-redevelopment projects. A questionnaire survey to 86 municipality offices that has re-redevelopment project completed between 1969 and 1984 and provided for in the Urban Renewal Act was conducted and situation of 121 redevelopment projects are revealed. 13 redevelopment projects have already completed or are in the process of re-redevelopment, and 14 projects are under consideration. In the 13 re-redevelopment projects, eight projects were/are implemented by private developers without any subsidy. In general, usage of the buildings is changed from more public one like commercial usage to less public one like residential usage or parking. In the case of re-redevelopment by private fund, project terms are short but integral development of the area is difficult.

This study focuses on "Kashiniwa Program", which is a pioneer program that promotes the temporary use, to reveal the current situation of divergence between the aim of the program and the actual situation, and the background that brought the divergence. Interviews with the city's administration and the 10 civic organizations revealed that there is a divergence between the aim of the program and the actual situation in registration, intermediation and management phases of the program. Furthermore, analyzing of existing questionnaire survey and GIS data suggests that the background of the divergence could be as following: 1) Lack of announcement of the program's content to civic organizations 2) Requirement of the civic organization such as distance or condition of the land and land information don't match 3) Difference of the operating body.

This study, focused the New Town to green contact Road of housing that is attractive, it is to clarify the relationship between the impression and the sensibility to be supplied to the living environment, the possibility of a new New Town Produce in which he preached from the landscaping point of view. Although New Town of appeal seems to be the presence of many, this time down the target to the richness and the regional characteristics of nature, as a method to increase the sensitivity, made full use of a pair comparison method and the SD method. The influence of regional characteristics with the green of the amount and trees to feel comfortable, and pointed out the differences in sensitivity between the genders and between age.

As one method of preserving scenery and landscape is the Landscape Agreement. In this paper, we will use the coalition game to analyse the mechanism of entering a landscape agreement. Through the inspection, it was found that a landscape agreement only becomes possible with a certain level of supporters and the optimal situation is when all participants agree. On the other hand, it was identified that free riders can become obstacles in reaching a universal agreement. We next examined the mechanism of government subsidies for buildings that take landscape into consideration and the enforcement of penalties for buildings that do not. As a result, we learned that the cost of subsidies and enforcement of regulations influences the number of supporters required for the landscape agreement and in preventing free riders.

The mechanism of the formation of the green space agreement, an effective tool for the conservation and creation of green space is analysed using the coalition game. The results found that the number of supporters and free riders of the green space agreement is dependent on the size of the external diseconomy caused by the lack of green space, the government's rate of enforceability of taxes on the diseconomy. Furthermore, it was identified that the rate of enforceability is affected by land prices and the decline in land prices due to the external diseconomies from the neglect of green space.