The purpose of this research is to clarify the actual situations and issues of the community development companies of eight municipalities of Futaba District of Fukushima Prefecture, and to present the issues to be resolved for revitalization of the areas affected by the nuclear disaster. Based on the results of a questionnaire survey conducted targeting the community development companies and municipalities of Futaba District, it is necessary for the community development companies and local governments to discuss and coordinate to solve the issues, and it is important for the community development companies to expand profitable businesses that contribute to securing independent financial resources.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the current situation and issues of local vitalization cooperators in 12 municipalities affected by Fukushima nuclear power plant accident. We conducted a questionnaire survey to local vitalization cooperators and local government officials in the 12 municipalities. Based on the results, we pointed out that it is necessary to improve the living environment, to provide learning opportunities to local vitalization cooperators and to provide support for business commencement and housing procurement.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the actual state and issues of non-profit private reconstruction support organizations in 12 municipalities affected by Fukushima nuclear accident, and to obtain knowledge on the ideal form of non-profit private reconstruction support organizations to promote revitalization from the nuclear disaster. Through a questionary survey targeted non-profit private reconstruction support organizations, it became clear that there were two problems: securing financial resources and human resources. In order to solve these two problems, it is necessary to consider measures to secure human resources by utilizing local vitalization cooperators system and to establish intermediate support organizations for non-profit private reconstruction support organizations of the 12 municipalities affected by Fukushima nuclear accident and Futaba County.

In recent years, the relationship between regional characteristics and activity in smart cities, which are expected to solve regional issues, has become unclear due to the diversity of activity using new technologies such as ICT. The purpose of this study was to understand the trends and characteristics of regional characteristics and activity in smart cities, and to clarify the relationship between them. From the literature review of activity and regional characteristics, it became clear that the areas of activity tend to be determined according to regional characteristics, and that the characteristics of activity differ according to the attributes of regional characteristics.

A study of countermeasures of vacant properties and distressed areas in the City of Baltimore, New Jersey and Massachusetts States revealed that 1) countermeasures vary by city and state, 2) small municipalities need supports of State Governments for implementation of countermeasures, 3) there are several tools to transfer vacant properties from a municipality to a rehabilitation entity faster, more assured, and cheaper, 4) a municipality with less vacant properties addresses in an individual manner, while that with more addresses in an area-wide manner, 5) rebuilding of a distressed area requires a committed neighborhood organization and a community development corporation, an authorized rebuilding plan, supports of a municipality, financial resources, and potential of real estate market.

Due to the COVID-19 outbreak people were directed to refrain from going outside and to avoid crowded and closed places, and voluntary measures to cancel or postpone most festivals and events were taken. While Shinto rituals have always played a variety of roles, we believe that it will be important to consider how to revive rituals that were suspended in the wake of COVID-19 in the future. Therefore, with the aim of providing basic information for the revival of Shinto rituals in the post-COVID-19 period, the number of cases of revived rituals and the reasons for their interruption and revival were identified from newspaper article data over time. As a result, the impact of interruptions due to the Great East Japan Earthquake and the COVID-19 epidemic, as well as various reasons for interruptions and revivals were revealed.

This paper presents a proposal for flood control measures for larger Macao region. First, previous studies on sponge cities, a mainstream green infrastructure concept in China, especially for flood disaster prevention and mitigation, are reviewed. Next, the causes of flooding in Macao’s Inner Harbor area were examined, and the impact on the World Heritage Site of Macao’s Historic Centre was also analyzed. It was found that there are three main causes of flooding: topographical causes, meteorological phenomena such as astronomical tides and storm surges, and inadequate drainage facilities. Flood control measures can be divided into hard and soft measures. This paper focuses on hard measures such as urban planning and infrastructure improvements. For urban planning proposals, the reviewed sponge city concept was used to propose urban planning and design proposals for flood damage mitigation in and around the Zhuhai and Macau Inner Harbor areas in China.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the actual situation and their future issues of agricultural corporations in the 12 municipalities affected by Fukushima nuclear power plant accident. This study reveals that many agricultural corporations and local governments in the 12 municipalities recognize that securing and training human resources are important issues based on the results of a questionnaire survey targeting them. It points out that agricultural corporations need to establish the system to hire permanent and full-time employees, they need to improve their business conditions, and that they should consider to use the Local Vitalization Cooperator system.

This paper reports on the actual situation of the participation of local municipalities, private companies, and citizens in the project of Park-PFI at each stage. The interviews with prefectural governments revealed the process of Park-PFI projects in prefectural parks. It was shown that the participation methods of the municipalities, private companies, and citizens were diverse in the early stages of the P-PFI project, but uniform in the latter stages. This study also stated the following factors that influenced whether, and how, the various parties participated in the project: planning flexibility, park location, park size, park user groups, existence of higher-level plans, and clarity of the purpose of introducing Park-PFI.

This study examined the status and issues of creating and distributing manhole cover cards, primarily from the perspective of card-creating and distributing organizations. A total of 599 organizations and 795 types of manhole cover cards created before 2021 were surveyed. A questionnaire survey was employed for this purpose, and the following aspects were analyzed: (1) the number of types and the distributed locations of cover cards; (2) the recognition of each organization regarding the purpose, effects, and issues of creating and distributing cover cards; and (3) the characteristics of residential areas of the cover card recipients. In conclusion, this study showed that it is important to introduce and reflect on the process of cover card creation and distribution from a tourism perspective.

Today, universities are increasingly required to contribute to local communities and develop human resources that are sought by local communities. In particular, public universities established by local governments are considered to play a major role in fostering local human resources, and many public universities have so-called "Regional Faculties". The purpose of this paper, we focus on the educational goals of the " Regional Faculties " of public universities and survey their contents in order to understand the characteristics of human resource development in the " Regional Faculties " of public universities today. As a result, we found that the common characteristic of human resource development in "Regional Faculties" of public universities is that they aim to develop human resources who can contribute to solving regional issues. In addition, we pointed out that the emphasis is placed on learning the ability to play a "key role" in urban and regional development, the ability to practical skills based on interdisciplinary knowledge and the ability to collaborate with stakeholders.

This study focuses on leisure activities and aims to clarify changes in the frequency of interaction with remote areas using online tools before and after COVID-19 pandemic and the level of satisfaction in each urban area, through a web questionnaire survey targeting young people in the Tokyo area, San-in and Northern Tohoku prefectures. The results showed that while there were differences between urban areas in activities with remote areas whose communication was unidirectional, there were no differences whose communication was bidirectional. Furthermore, it was found that although the frequency of exchanges increased more in the San-in and Northern Tohoku prefectures than in the Tokyo area after COVID-19 pandemic, the benefits of online activities were recognized more strongly in the Tokyo area.

“Kagai” is a precious entertainment district that succeeds traditional Japanese culture. The purpose of this study is to identify some of the national trends in the establishment of modern Kagai. For this purpose, we will attempt to categorize the period when geisha-centered Kagai were established and the transition in the nature of the districts leading up to their establishment. Major results are as fillows. 1) Modern Kagai were often established during the Meiji period (1868-1912) throughout Japan. 2) In Tokyo, many of the patterns were established from the Edo period (1603-1868) to the Taisho period (1912-1926) as geisha-centered Kagai from the beginning. 3) In local cities, brothels were formed in the suburbs as a measure to separate geisha and prostitutes during the Meiji period (1868-1912), and a pattern of a shift from mixed geisha and prostitutes to geisha-centered Kagai was observed in a wide area.

Now that parks are becoming increasingly multifunctional, it has become necessary to evaluate them as public facilities according to their characteristics. This paper analyzes the contents of a report on the monitoring conducted by the designated manager of the Okinawa Peace Memorial Park using a coding method. 63 pages over a three-year span were analyzed, and the results show that a standard designated management evaluation was done and that the memorial function was mainly evaluated in terms of whether events were conducted as voluntary projects. The study considers the fact that efforts are being made to improve the quality of events through citizen participation and regional cooperation and that an evaluation mechanism and items that fully capture the park’s unique characteristics and original efforts should be considered.

In this study, I clarified the spatial structure of the central and southern metropolitan areas in Okinawa Prefecture by creating a social map based on the socio-economic indices. As a result, the population is concentrated in Naha City, with a large working-age population, tertiary industry workers, and white-collar workers. The area surrounding it has a high proportion of young people and a large number of nuclear family households. In addition, there are many elderly people, primary industry workers, and blue-collar workers in the outer periphery, mainly in the south. The background of such spatial distribution is thought to be the existence of transportation networks such as railways and roads.

In this study, I clarify the spatial structure of Hachioji City, Tokyo by analyzing the town units. As for the spatial structure of Hachioji City, areas with many tertiary industry workers are distributed along the transportation network, and there are areas with many non-tertiary industry workers outside of them. Areas with many tertiary industry workers include areas with an extremely large number of white-collar workers around bases that are characterized as business centers. In addition, areas with many gray-collar workers exist in the vicinity of them. There are few people engaged in the tertiary industry in the outer area, and areas where the declining population, declining birthrate and aging population are becoming more serious.

In recent years, there has been a growing trend toward greater participation in machidukuri not only by the local government but also by citizens. This study focuses on public-private intermediary support facilities that support citizen activities, to clarify their actual functions, issues, and prospective direction. Through interviews with the facilities and analysis of their efforts, it can be said that intermediate support facilities are like "crossroads" where resources related to civic activities come and go, providing "companionable" support to each citizen by making use of their expertise and know-how. In addition, there are issues such as raising awareness of the facility, promoting use by young people, fostering human resources for intermediary support, and how to deliver the facility's support city-wide. While solving these issues, it is important to build a solid relationship between the administration and facility management body with an awareness of grasping the needs of the community.

In Japan, there are many precedents in park making for citizens to participate in, but none of them have a strong connection with the actual use of the park, and it is only the imagination of activities, so there may be a difference from the completion. Therefore, in the future, it is necessary to update the design by repeating the experience of citizens using it and trying it, and by sympathizing with their opinions, "I want to use it". The purpose of this study was to build a public participation method of park building, and four workshops were held in the basic design stage for the new urban park improvement plan in western Maibara, Shiga Prefecture. As a result, the extracted opinions could be translated as '49 Thoughts' and reflected in the blueprint, and eventually the design could be updated by citizens experiencing the planned site. Based on the above, it is expected that a method that can be implemented in the plan by extracting in-depth information such as location and facilities used and superficial information such as citizens' requests has been established.

Annual consumption of sake and the number of production licenses are on the decline. This could cause a loss of regional characteristics of sake brewery (Sakagura). On the other hand, the movement of utilizing sake brewery architectures as tourism destinations can been seen in recent years, leading to the revitalization of the region. Accordingly, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive survey to clarify the status of remaining sake breweries in Japan and the actual conditions of utilization of sake brewery architectures. In the previous studies, we conducted surveys of Niigata prefecture, Aizu area of Fukushima prefecture. In this paper, we describe the results of a survey of sake brewery architecture in Toyama and Ishikawa prefecture within Hokuriku region.

This study aims to clarify the differences in the residents' perceptions based on the results of a questionnaire survey, focusing on the Katsunuma area of Koshu City, Yamanashi Prefecture, which is a typical cultural landscape for viticulture. As a result of the analysis, we demonstrated that the perception of landscape differs depending on the residential area and presence/absence of farmers among the family members. Furthermore, we found that these aspects are also affected by some factor other than the physical distance from the element concerning the residential area.

The purpose of this study is to grasp the current situation and issues of local government officers in the areas affected by the nuclear disaster. Through this study, it became clear that the number of non-regular officers has increased after the nuclear accident and that only 30% of the regular officers had administrative experience before the accident. In addition, it also became clear that many of local government officers have still suffered from the damage caused by the accident, such as long-distance commuting and separation from their family members, and that they felt they had a lot of work to do. This study points out that it is necessary to enrich support for local government officers because local government officers were administrative subjects of revitalization as an issue.

Roof ridge orientation of machiya(traditional merchant house) is a key element of streetscape. As the number of machiya has been decreasing in recent years, basic survey is urgently needed. Furthermore, because the direction of roof ridge may change within a narrow area, it is necessary to conduct a nationwide investigation on a per-settlement basis. This research is targeted at Chiba prefecture. It also looks at remaining condition and façade design of machiya in major district of each settlement.

Annual consumption of sake and the number of production licenses are on the decline. This could cause a loss of regional characteristics of sake breweries (Sakagura). On the other hand, the movement of utilizing sake brewery architectures as tourism destinations can been seen in recent years, leading to the revitalization of the region. Accordingly, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive survey to clarify the status of remaining breweries in Japan and the actual conditions of utilization of sake brewery architectures. In the previous studies, we conducted surveys of Niigata prefecture and so on. In this paper, we will reveal similar themes about Fukui prefecture referring to previous studies.

We analyzed the population change and residential induction by land use regulation in flood inundation hazard areas in case of maximum expected. As a result, the population of these areas in city planning areas after the population peak out (2010-2020), decreased by 719000 in the no-inundation hazard area, but increased by 289000 in the inundation hazard area. In consideration of urban management of each municipality, it was found that future land use control needs to be examined from the perspective of residential induction to the no-inundation hazard areas where the population are decreasing, and that the RRI model is one of the useful method for objectively analyzing the impact of land use conversion on disaster risk in each area and considering new zoning based on the results.

Studies of early modern towns are conducted in Japan to grasp their history and culture. However, there are fewer studies of early modern port towns compared to castle towns. It is not generally known that several early modern port towns located on the coastal area of the Sea of Japan were built as outports of castle towns. The purpose of this study is to uncover formation process and urban morphology of early modern port towns located on the coastal area of the Pacific Ocean.

This study clarified the process of land use transformation and post-disaster placemaking in the disaster harzadous zones and the factors that contribute to placemaking. In the Arahama area of Sendai City, where the case study was conducted, we found that diverse stakeholders gave new meaning to the former residential area and involved the surrounding community through various activities and innovations, resulting in the revitalization of the area as a "place. The study pointed out that former residential areas can be revitalized as new "places" not only through the process of conventional reconstruction planning, in which a vision and use are determined for the area and the government and private sectors use the land, but also through the process in which each party creates a "place" and the area is composed of a bundle of meanings added by various entities.

This study clarified the actions and spatial characteristics of water resistant housing in Takeo City, Saga Prefecture, which experienced consecutive floods in 2019 and 2021, and discussed the factors that enabled the housing mitigation were suvivors' insurance coverage, information gathering through proactive communication with neighbors, and risk perception of flood damage. Regarding spatial characteristics, the respondents tended to be older, had lived in the neighborhood longer, and were more aware of the expected depth of flooding. Based on these characteristics, it is necessary to pursue measures to promote the housing mitigation before and after disasters.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the process by which multihabitation living platform is transformed into community place . We found that for local residents, a platform is (1) a place that accepts people who are different from the local community, (2) a place where they can stop by and enjoy values, knowledge, skills, and appreciation of the local community through interaction with multi-site dwellers, and (3) a place where they can express and discuss things that are difficult to achieve individually through daily fluid interactions with multi-site dwellers. (iii) a place where local residents can express and discuss things that are difficult to achieve on their own through fluid daily interactions with people living in multifocal areas. Multisite residents with diverse attributes, aspirations, and objectives visit the community, interact with the community through the center manager, and enjoy the values, knowledge, skills, and appreciation of the community by local residents, thereby promoting the acquisition and transformation of meaning toward the center. In addition, opportunities for local residents to express themselves are created through fluid interactions with the multifacility residents who stay at the center in turn, making the center a place in the community.

Kagai is a Japanese term for traditional entertainment districts. It comprehensively inherits many aspects of traditional Japanese cultur e. In Fukuoka city , th ere are still Ryoutei with high architectural value. In addition, Kenban ha ve rep eated merger s and i ndependence. This study aims to clarify transition of distribution on buildings in Kagai at the period of 192 4 , 19 56 , 19 74 and 20 20 . Some of the conclusions ar e as follows: 1) W e found four new Kenban locations on site level. 2) Among four points , the year when there were the most restaurants was 1924. 3) The distribution of Ryouriya spread from Hakata to Fukuoka in th e Showa period. 4) Most of Ryouriya are distributed in Hakata and Nakasu.

This study aimed to evaluate urban planning-related policies in nine Japanese cities from the perspective of physical activity promotion using indicators of the 1000 Cities Challenge and to indicate the current status of the policies in each city. The results of the evaluation revealed that some policies were linked to physical activity promotion, while others could not necessarily be judged to be intended to promote physical activity from the text. By indicator, all cities had policies to promote physical activity regarding bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure, while none had such policies regarding employment distribution or street connectivity.

This study aims to provide a preliminary report on the comprehensive trends of projects in 53 local governments that have designated areas for improvement of comfort and amenities for staying in the city. By organizing the Walkable Promotion Program system and studying each municipality's urban renewal and development plans, it was found that it is possible to use the system to implement a wide range of projects in the zones. However, since there are only a few cases in which the system is used comprehensively, and projects are undertaken, it was found that further agreements and diversification of project entities are needed in the future.

The purpose of this paper is to find new values in Machizukuri in response to changes in social values. In particular, the global environmental crisis and widening global inequality are deeply related to the town, the stage of daily life, and it is the hypothesis of this study that new values related to these issues may be embodied in city planning activities. The research method is based on the process of interviewing people who are practicing community development and extracting values that are generally not clearly articulated. As a result of the research, 13 new values are identified, and it became clear that Machizukuri encompasses important values for a sustainable world.

Fukuoka City has developed a community park project to solve problems such as over-restricted park uses and the decline in the functions of watching over and supporting each other. If some conditions are met, the establishment of a "Park House," which is a recreation and education facility of the park facilities, is permitted. This study aims at verifying the effectiveness of the Park Houses in creating watching over (“mimamori”) and interaction opportunities through three event such as Japanese-style café and gardening class in a park with a Park House. Here, “mimamori” was defined as "more than acquaintanceship and mutual concern for each other" and interaction was defined as "involvement beyond greeting". As a result, the project succeeded in creating the effect of watching over people by having local residents become event planner and involving their acquaintances who were showing signs of social isolation. In addition, it created opportunities for participants, including those who tend to be shut-in or isolated due to lack of conversation, to make new acquaintances and deepen relationships with those they already know. Further long-term verification through continuous events is necessary in the future.

In the process of urban shrinkage, what new urban functions will be required in the future? A case study was conducted in the Digbeth area of Birmingham, England, which is recognised as The Social Enterprise Place. The significance of urban regeneration through the concentration of social enterprises is as follows: 1) Reclamation of vacant urban resources, 2) Improvement of declining of urban environments, 3) Creation of gathering and connecting spaces in the city, 4) Realisation of a socially inclusive environment, 5) Formation of diverse, multi-layered communities, 6) Sharing of social issues, 7) Formation of social innovation clusters, 8) Social economic circulation through the expansion of social businesses, and 9) Synergistic effects on the formation of a new regional industrial base. The new city image here can be presented in each of these aspects as "a city that embeds new functions while revitalising vacant resources," "a city where people support each other and realise diverse ways of life," and "a city where new values are created and shared.

In this study, a follow-up survey and a questionnaire survey were conducted to clarify the characteristics of the city center rambling behavior and the relationship between the rambling behavior and the means of visiting the city center. The results showed that the behavior is promoted by simultaneous events held in a wide area, and that while people walk regardless of their means of visit, those who do not use a car spend longer in city center.

The concept of the Daytime Population, which is an indicator used to measure human activity focused on commuters, has traditionally assumed that the people actually goes to their physical workplace. However, the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting rapid spread of teleworking have changed the concept of "workplace". Therefore, it is important to reconsider how the daytime population is measured and perceived in this current social transforming, especially in the standpoint of urban planning in each municipality. In this report, reconsidered indicators used to assess changes in the weekly daytime population that based on commuting patterns, and evaluates their sensitivity for municipalities in the Tokyo metropolitan area. The results show that the most of municipalities experienced an increase in the weekly daytime population, while the city center tended to show a decrease. It suggests the importance of considering the commute frequency and teleworking, in the future evaluation of urban structure and other factors.

The purpose of this study is to discuss the actual condition of supply of the Fukushima Revitalization Rental Housing and current life state of residents in municipalities where evacuation orders were issued or cancelled. Residents of the Fukushima Revitalization Rental Housing are dissatisfied with their living environment and think that the communication environment should be improved although the Fukushima Revitalization Rental Housing plays an important role in the return of evacuees and the migration of new residents. This study points out that it is necessary to enrich support measures based on living conditions of returnees and migrants and to improve the living environment of residents as future issues.

Kagai is a Japanese term for traditional entertainment districts. It comprehensively inherits many aspects of traditional Japanese culture. Gion Kagai has the largest number of Ochaya (previous Kashizashiki). It is popular among tourists for its prestigious cobblestone pavement appearance. However, the number of Ochaya has been decreasing in recent years, and the traditional form of Kagai is changing. The purpose of this study is to investigate the distribution of Kashizashiki in the prewar Gion Kagai as much as possible based on existing historical documents, and to clarify the traditional Kagai. As a conclusion, Kashizashiki and Kokata were located in full force throughout Gion Kagai. In addition, as for Geigi and Syougi, there were several Okiya to which both of them belonged, and they were evenly distributed throughout Gionkoubu Kagai.

Although area-based vision is being developed, it is believed that the organization that formulate them are making area-based vision formulation their objective. In this study, based on the analysis of the items and composition of the area-based vision listed in the literature review and questionnaire survey of 35 area-based visions nationwide, we clarified the issues to be considered when the "area-based vision" was conceived and formulated and the trends in efforts toward the realization of the future vision. As a result, it was found that area-based vision tend to be initiated during development projects and projects to utilize and improve public space. Various entities formulate them through the establishment of councils and other bodies.

Roof ridge orientation machiya(traditional merchant house) is a key element of streetscape. As the number of machiya has been decreasing in in recent years, basic survey is urgently needed. Furthermore, because the direction of roof ridge may change within a narrow area, it is necessary to conduct a nationwide investigation on a per-settlement basis. This research is targeted at Akita prefecture. It also looks at remaining condition and façade design of machiya in major district of each settlement.

Conservation of urban farmland has become more significant in recent years. In this study, we conducted a time-series analysis of farmland conversion and its locational features using Machida City in Tokyo as a case. The results showed that a higher ratio of farmland conversion was observed in the past (1974-1989) when it locates in rich-green areas, while the farmlands in less-green areas became more vulnerable in recent years (2007-2017). This meant that the concentration of urban development had been moved gradually from peri-urban frontiers to inner cores due to the shift towards current development trends associated with the planning theories (e.g., compact city, re-urbanization). Urban farmlands in inner core areas should be conserved as the priority since they could be rare open spaces contributing to urban sustainability in a dense environment.

“temporary use of plazas” by private operators in central Tokyo and the characteristics of project management. The research method was to organize the functional and spatial components of permanent and temporary use through a literature survey and to organize the characteristics of project management through interviews with project proponents. In conclusion, with an eye toward subsequent development projects, it became clear that the development of functions for residents and low-cost temporary use and sympathy with the project philosophy were the priority criteria for project collaborators. Furthermore, we typified the management and operational characteristics according to the relationship with the project partners involved in the project’s planning, management, and operation.

This paper reports the results of a questionnaire survey, regarding changes in place of residence, conducted in Rikuzentakata City, Iwate Prefecture and Ishinomaki City, Miyagi Prefecture, where the Tsunami Reconstruction Memorial Park was constructed. We identified places of residence, names of living areas and specific places by the data obtained from the questionnaire survey visualize the spatial transformation through geocoding. We revealed that the Tsunami Reconstruction Memorial Park, which was embedded with the meaning of passing on disaster legacies and memories, used to be a place of residence for residents, a source of pride for the community, is no longer a place for people. Local government must support the proactive activities of citizens to regenerate and create a place, and to revitalize the Reconstruction Memorial Park, which covers a large area of the city, as an important place for the city and a place for people.

Two cases of citizen-led placemaking in the City of New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina in 2005 - Lafitte Greenway and Sankofa Wetland Park are reviewed and its process and the role in the recovery period are discussed. Urban void was restored through the placemaking, bringing diverse values to the community, including disaster mitigation, active transportation, environmental conservation, equity, community revitalization and economic benefits. The lost identity of the place was found by placemaking and the act of placemaking led to the improvement of surrounding environment. With the cooperation and support of various stakeholders, citizen-led placemaking mediates the conflict and dilemma after the disaster.

In this study, we will consider how the functions of “House”, “Dwelling” and “Home” are connected in fluid multi-habitation lifestyle, which is a non-settled lifestyle, compared to the conventional settled lifestyle. Shigemura (1992), The Structure of Sedentary Settlement: Its Lifestyle Consideration and Planning Theory Development, “Three Spatial Orders Seen in Houses'' is used in this study. It is thought that the function of the home as a place to gather spiritually is fluctuating in the fluid multi-habitation life. However, we found that the fixation of function I (House) and function II (Dwelling) led to the fixation of function III (Home). In addition, people living in multiple locations have a limited amount of luggage that they can own, and in many case they do not own objects that signify spiritual support.

This study clarified that Multi-habitation Business play a role in Vacant house Utilization and Changes in Owners' Consciousness. The Owner utilizing Vacant house in Multi-habitation Business not only receive house rent income but also gain carefreeness, own use, amenity, companionship, Changes in Owners' Consciousness and what not. Utilizing Vacant house in Multi-habitation Business expands Vacant house that can be utilized and gives rise to community of people involved in Utilizing Vacant house in Multi-habitation.