This purpose of this paper is to clarify the effectiveness and issues of the TDR Bank, intended to promote Transfer of Development Rights. The Banks on which this paper focuses have strongly encouraged activating TDR trades, becoming involved in as many TDR trades as direct trades. However, some TDR Banks have cumulative losses because of actualizing inventory risks. In order to avoid this situation, eliminating competitive zoning bonus systems is the most important precondition.

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the introduction process and issues of the program that sets up shops and restaurants in an arcade in exchange for the large renovation of a plaza. Water Street Subdistrict, which adapted the program, has a large amount of buildings with Privately Owned Public Spaces (POPS). However, most of the POPS are a lack of enough amenities and consideration for how people use and spend time in the spaces. In order to reform the POPS, the Alliance for Downtown New York (ADNY), which is the Business Improvement Development Organization in Lower Manhattan, collaborated with the NYC Department of City Planning and the NYC Economic Corporation, and implemented efforts to install cafes and the organize season events in POPS. Finally, they established the program aiming at the neighborhood vitalization in 2016.

Railyards are an important facility of railway freight. Around 1960s and 1970s when railway freight was at its peak in Japan, 29 railyards were operated. However, because of the decline of this business, the railyards are now out of service and ways of reusing these properties are under consideration. Generally, railyards have two prominent characteristics: great width and curving boundaries. The former characteristic aids urban redevelopment planning, but the latter can be an impediment. The present study examined how these two characteristics impact urban redevelopment by investigating the reuse plans for 29 Japanese railyards. The analysis showed that the site width is the dominant factor in determining new plans, regardless of the shape of the site. These results are considered in the context of urban history and compared with former findings.

This study examines the effect of CCTV on crime in two typical Japanese downtown areas: Hakata-Nakasu and Tenjin. Changes in the geographical distribution of violent crime, purse snatching, bicycle theft and car-related crime that occurred in the road during the previous year and the year after implementing CCTV were compared with a control area. It was found that purse snatching, bicycle theft, and car-related crime in Hakata-Nakasu area showed a relative reduction. Crime displacement and diffusion of benefit was another finding. Due to the variation in the installation of CCTV units, there was a difference in the geographical relationship between CCTV and crime in the previous year in the Hakata-Nakasu and Tenjin areas. From these results, it can be concluded that before installing CCTV cameras, it is important to conduct crime analysis to achieve the desired effect of CCTV.

While repeat burglary refers to the repeated victimization of a household in a certain period of time, near repeats refer to the spatio-temporal concentration of victimization around a burgled household. We aimed to reveal such spatio-temporal patterns of apartment burglaries in Fukuoka City, Japan using data of 8,845 cases occurred between January 2005 and December 2014 provided by the Fukuoka Prefectural Police within the "Crime Prevention Research Adviser Framework." As a result, we confirmed spatio-temporal concentration of victimization not only in the neighborhoods of once-burgled apartments (near repeats) but in the same buildings of them (building near repeats).

Considering measures for stranded victims during a massive earthquake is a key disaster prevention process for overcrowded megalopolises. Each temporary shelter for commuters experiencing difficulty returning home must ensure that disaster mitigation measures are provided by the government and private sector throughout the area. This paper aims to report the realities of temporary shelters that can accommodate stranded victims during earthquakes in specific areas. We administered a questionnaire survey and conducted interviews with facility managers and tenant companies in Minato Mirai 21, a commercial and business district in Yokohama. Based on the survey results, we better understood the impact of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, responses to that disaster, building plans, and disaster control measures for stranded victims in future disasters. We highlight the importance of disaster management utilizing the resources of various stakeholders in the area.

In Japan, there are problems that historic buildings are demolished before these values are evaluated and a small number of historic buildings are protected. In contrast, about 380,000 buildings are protected by the system of Listed Buildings in England. This study clarifies the system of Listed buildings focusing on factors of how a lot of historic buildings are protected. As a result of this research, following facts were revealed. In listing process, there are two features. One is that any plot plan or floor plan drawings are not required. The other is that there are a certain number of buildings added to list by Hot Case. So the burden of proposer is small.

Recently, some private companies have started a new form of agricultural service that provides parcels, tools, and technical support for agro-activities to urban residents. In this study, we identified characteristics of users of the service by comparing the results of the questionnaire survey sent to the users with that of the web-based survey sent to other urban residents. Results showed that users of the new service were relatively old, had flexibility, had a positive impression of agro-activities, and had a set of values that focused on self-fulfillment. From these results, we can interpret that the new service provided by private companies is developing urban residents who are not familiar with existing agro-activities by supporting limits of their skills.

The authority of Sendai city decided to abolish 70 sections of the city planning roads in 2011. some of the lands acquired by the authority in advance are unused. So we surveyed to extract issues of using the land acquired in advance. As the result we found cases of allotment gardens and assembly places caused by residents' proposal. On the other hand, there are cases of development. In this way,we found that there were cases where unused land are effectively utilized.

This paper examines how the Hirosaki Castle site became a public park and the role of the castle tower. The site was administered by the Army Ministry. The city of Hirosaki petitioned the government for permission to lease the site and convert it into a park, a plan supported by the Tsugaru family, descendants of the former feudal lords. The plan was approved and the park was born. The Tsugaru family subsidized the maintenance of the park. The castle tower was used as a museum. Subsequently, the city applied to purchase the castle tower from the government due to the deterioration of the stone walls supporting it. Permission was granted, and the castle tower was reconstructed at a new location. The associated costs were borne by the Tsugaru family.

The population of Toyama prefecture has been declining since the peak in 1998. Furthermore, decreasing birthrate and aging society in Toyama prefecture are also serious situations. In order to recognize such problems and to aim for the development of the region, it is necessary to promote the location of commercial facilities, enhance medical facilities corresponding to the aged society, and grasp elementary and junior high schools that respond to the declining birthrate. In order to examine these problems, it is necessary to fully consider the future social situation. In this study, targeting on entire Toyama prefecture, we estimated population, number of households, demand of houses and its lifecycle. Then based on the above estimation results, we analyzed future land use in Toyama prefecture and examined the required number of commercial facilities, medical facilities, and schools in some major cities.

A facility that is indispensable but not preferred located nearby is called a NIMBY facility. For smoking areas and nursery schools among them, users want to shorten the use distance, but those who do not use want to secure an separation distance. This research calls such facilities NIMBY facilities of confliction type, and examined their optimal placement by taking smoking areas as an example. The results are as follows. By distributing smoking areas appropriately according to demand, the moving distance may be reduced from the balance between the buffer due to the separation distance and the available space. However, as the number of facilities increases, it becomes necessary to secure a separation distance between facilities, and as a result, the movement distance increases. Therefore, the location of the NIMBY facilities of confliction type is not a matter of simple aggregation or distributed arrangement, but optimization taking into consideration of the separation distance between facilities is necessary.

As an organization that utilizes public space to create the bustle of the area, the company for promoting urban renaissance attracts attention. The company of an incorporated corporation for promoting urban renaissance is given a public position. Therefore, we investigate the current situation of business utilizing public space by the company for promoting urban renaissance and the influence of corporate designation, etc. by using nationwide questionnaire survey. As a result, many corporations had the fact that they could implement public approaches involving local governments and others. However, some corporations recognize issues that the special case of permission for road occupancy apply only to limited projects, and lack of the police understanding of this system. Therefore, a clear criterion is required for application for road use permission by the company for promoting urban renaissance.

The city of Youngstown, Ohio formulated an innovative master plan named Youngstown 2010 in 2005. After the master plan was created, the policy of the city shifted to implementation phase. CDCs, named Youngstown Neighborhood Development Corporation(YNDC) and Mahoning County Land Reutilization Corporation (Mahoning County Land Bank), as well as new zoning code ordinance were developed as implementation tools of the masterplan. A lot of stakeholders are focusing on the target area segmented by the market analysis report. And they have been emphasizing the neighborhood scale planning. The city government has started the decommission project at Sharon-Line area in the eastside of the city. So far it appears to be effective, but a vision that enables neighborhood to imagine the future environment and supports to leverage the capacity is considered needed.

In this study, in order to understand mitigation effect of amount of disaster wastes generated to difference in function of seawall by tunami in entire Mie prefecture, comparison was carried out by both cases

Developments of large-scale new towns, such as Kohoku Newtown in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area, have the purpose of absorbing an increasing population and preventing disorganized development. Kohoku Newtown has experienced an increase in population growth and development, especially after the opening of the Yokohama municipal subway. The development of this town has played a role in the provision of new housing and commercial buildings. Firstly, this study considered the land use changes associated with Kohoku Newtown from 1974 to 2007. Secondly, the land surface temperature (LST) of each area of the town was calculated from the results of a regression analyses using LST data from Landsat ETM+ (2001) and land use patterns in 2000. Finally, the changes in land use and LST were examined within and outside of Kohoku Newtown and also within and outside of the sphere of influence of its railway station.

In this study, we analyzed what kind of community was involved in the disposal of disaster waste caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake. For this purpose, we first conducted a questionnaire survey on community situation and disaster waste disposal. Then, by using the result of questionnaire, we analyzed what kinds of community situations are progressing disaster waste disposal smoothly, and what kind of measures are available to raise the community's power.

In recent years, extreme weather events such as heavy rains due to global warrming have been increasing. This causes flood damage in many places in Japan, as river flows increase immediately after heavy rainfall events occur. The damage generates large amounts of waste. Any delay in the processing of this waste interferes with restoration and reconstruction efforts, delaying the return to people's normal lives. Therefore, this study estimated the amount of flood disposal waste generated in a flooded area of the Tama River basin. The results of this study provide important insights into treatments for flood waste disposal.