This study deals with reconstruction of regional core area in regional hub city whose feature is car dependent and the core in the regional before merger. According to questionnaire at Kannabe Kawakita and Kawaminami, Fukuyama, three points were revealed. First, this area is car dependent area. However, even though they cannot use own cars, it does not affect their everyday life so seriously. Second, there is not statistically significant relations between positiveness of regional activities and level of existing satisfaction. Third, the residents request realistic reconstruction such as safety roads. The study shows that in similar area, it will be greatly important to strike a balance between residents needs and medium and long term planning theory in the future.

In order to comprehend tourist needs for domestic accommodation travel, this paper studies the characteristics of tourists'consumptions by age and consumption items, by using 8 types which are made through the different combination of consumption, consumption per capita and consumption preference. The results for example, indicates that consumption, consumption per capita, and consumption preference of souvenir/shopping for ages 50s to 70s are higher than the total tourists average. On the other hand, it finds that consumption, consumption per capita, consumption preference of souvenir/shopping costs for ages 20s, teens and younger and for accommodation costs for ages 20s and teens are less than the total tourists average. Hence, these results may support tourism organisations with their strategies to reinforce tourism in the future.

In this study, sex crime victimization risks for victim age groups, hours at which they occurred, and places at which they occurred were calculated using the ambient population of women estimated from person trip survey data. From the analysis of sex crimes reported in Tokyo from 2011 to 2016, the following conclusions were derived. First, while the highest number of sex crimes occurs to victims aged 20 to 24, the age group at greatest risk is 20 to 24 too. Second, the hour of greatest risk and the hour of the highest number of crimes are not coincident. The hour of greatest risk follows the hour of the highest number of crimes. Finally, places with the greatest risk for sex crimes are distributed outside areas considered high-crime places.

An earthquake of Magnitude 6.7 occurred on November 22nd, 2014 in Nagano Prefecture along the Kamishiro Fault. As many as 42 houses were completely destroyed, and 35 other houses were partially destroyed. No deaths were reported, but there were 23 injuries by the earthquake. The purpose of this study is to understand how house damage influences the number of casualties. A questionnaire survey and interviews were done in severely affected areas of Horinouchi and Mikkaichiba. The layout of the house before and the location of the family members were studied. Results show houses that undergo renovation and the level of floor influences the number of casualties. In Horinouchi, the residents cooperated during search and rescue and evacuation after the earthquake which minimises the casualty rate.

This transmigration project is the biggest government sponsored resettlement project which promote an internal migration and resettlement based in agrarian rural reform. The objective of this study is to study the built capital conditions of transmigration projects and transformations performed by dwellers and communities to adapt and cope with challenges of resettlement. The study targeted two transmigration resettlement projects in Sumatra Island. Analysis is drawn from questionnaire survey and measurement survey of total 211 households. As a result, Sitiung was found to have a better built capital and living environment is improved than Kumpeh where the living condition is still in temporary due to natural environment like chronic floods.

This study discusses the current state and future issues of utilization of the sites implemented group relocation promotion projects for disaster mitigation in 26 municipalities of Iwate Prefecture, Miyagi Prefecture and Fukushima Prefecture. It clarifies that (1) municipalities bought most of land in zone to promote relocation, (2) the ratio of unutilized land within the sites implemented group relocation promotion project is high, (3) municipalities face with problems concerning maintenance of the unutilized land, and (4) concentration projects of unutilized land have not been implemented efficiently. This study points out the necessity to implement effective measures in a long-term perspective while considering the actual condition of the disaster-stricken areas.

This study clarifies current status and issues of measures for vacant houses based on Vacant Houses Special Measures Act in Fukushima. This study shows that (1) the number of vacant houses is increasing so rapidly and 90% of the municipalities face with problems concerning vacant houses, (2) 90% of municipalities have proceeded with measures for vacant houses, (3) a number of municipalities are planning or are going to plan measures for vacant houses based on the Act, and (4) advanced municipalities have not been able to proceed with measures for vacant houses because of the financial constraints. This study points out that it is necessary to consider location of vacant houses to implement measures for vacant houses effectively.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the effect of urban structure on the change in the aspect of the commercial area in the centers of local cities. To the end, multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted for the probabilities of occurrences of shops, parking lots, and houses. The distances from the commercial axes of old urban areas, stations and major roads were used as explanatory variables. The regression analysis was applied to the location data of shops, parking lots and houses in 66 local cities. As an example of the result, it became clear that the influence of major roads and stations on the probabilities of occurrences of parking lots depends on the distance from the commercial axes of old urban areas. Also, in smaller cities, it became clear that the parking lots are easy to occur even at a short distance of about 50m from the commercial axes of old urban areas.

This paper examines the characteristics of tourists' consumptions by occupations and consumption items, by analyzing 8 categories which are made through the different combination of consumption, consumption per capita and consumption preference. The main results, for example, indicates that, in the case of both accommodation travel and day trips, consumption, consumption per capita and consumption preference of souvenir/shopping by office workers, sales /service/security staff, and housekeepers are higher than the total tourists average. On the other hand, souvenir/shopping by factory/transport/construction/physical labor workers and students are less than the total tourists average. Moreover, it indicates that the spend by sales/service/security staff for consumption, consumption per capita and consumption preference of packages/group tours on accommodation travel are less than the total tourists average. However, in the case of day trips, the spend by sales/service/security staff for consumption and consumption per capita of package/group tours are higher than the total tourists average.

This paper reviews public street design, rules, and people's attitude towards creating livable streets in the UK. The first Home Zone space was buil in 1969, but it took three decades to enable UK highway authorities to designate Home Zone, and put up traffic signs. Central government funded pilot projects, but not many cases were actually followed because of their high cost and difficulty in gaining meet residents' agreement. However, there is a history of the use streets as playgrounds since 1938, which limited car access into streets to facilitate children's play. Local government has now replaced this with Play Street Orders. Many people consider it important for streets to not only be used for movment. There is recognition that streets should be more walkable to encourage people to walk for their health. The UK has a culture of street use as livable places, although it is not obvious in most residential streets.

The objective of this report was to examine the potentials of traces for lost lagoons in physical situations at the places where they had once existed. Surveys and analyses were conducted into the 15 reclaimed lagoons at the coastal regions of the Biwa Lake. The potentials of such traces were conjectured in the following four situations. 1) Adjacency of different land uses between inside and outside of outlines of lost lagoons. 2) Linear match of canals with outlines of lost lagoons. 3) Difference of orientation of the road systems between inside and outside of outlines of lost lagoons. 4) Difference in levels of the grounds around the outlines of lost lagoons. It was thought that the following problems were to be solved in order to confirm whether these situations kept the remnants of the lost lagoons or not. 1) How had the lagoons and the adjacent lands been altered through the reclamation projects? 2) Had there been any projects in which the ground levels had been changed in addition to the reclamations? 3) How had the land uses as well as the water areas changed from before the reclamations until today?

Community media is a media that provides community information to a specific area. This study focuses on community antenna television broadcasters and community frequency modulation broadcasters. We conducted questionnaire surveys and web surveys to find out the community partnerships in both types of broadcasters. As a result of analysis, the former broadcasters utilize big organizational scale of broadcasting stations to conduct wide varieties of community partnerships, and the latter broadcasters intensively conduct special community partnerships to develop their own identities in relation to their programs.

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the cost-benefit of Business Improvement District (BID), intended to promote local economy and community. The BID of Flatiron District in New York City receives the levy ($0.1/sf annually) from commercial property owners. In order to verify the validity of levy, this paper uses the Hedonic Approach and calculates the rent gap inside BID and outside it. The results showed that the office rent inside BID is $0.9/sf (1.4%) higher than that of outside BID, and the retail rent exceeds that of outside BID by $1.0/sf (0.7%). On the other hand, the apartment rent gap is the larger than others and estimated to $234/unit (7.4%) in spite of paying only $0.1 per building. Therefore, further discussion is needed for setting the levy level for each building uses and how to keep the balance between cost and benefit of BID.

Although greening is important to create comfortable shopping environment, there are few shopping streets to engage actively in greening activities. The purpose of this study is to promote greening activities in shopping streets by examination of greening types and awareness of retailers about greening. We conducted actual state surveys of greening space and questionnaire surveys for retailers in several areas in the wards of Tokyo. We found the possibilities to promote greening activities by some ingenious attempts.

The purpose of Construction of this railway was relaxing congestion of Joban Line, Improvement in access of the Tsukuba and the center of Tokyo, Housing supply in the metropolitan area, and urban development along the railway.Municipalities along the railway started land readjustment projects, 21 areas, 3,211.6 ha. The effect of this urban development. (1) The railways lot was produced by the land readjustment project, and the railway was constructed smoothly. (2) Planned urban area was developed according to the construction of station. (3) Increase in number of passengers by housing supply stabilized railway management.

This study focused on ride-share using the private vehicles of local people to examine the possibility of its introduction as a means of daily transportation in low population density regions. When nuclear disasters (nuclear power plant accidents, etc.) occur, it is necessary to evacuate areas contaminated by radiation as soon as possible. However, there will be many people particularly in low population density areas lacking a means to do so. Therefore, this research set the following theoretical hypotheses: 1) there is a linear relationship between the number of people lacking private means of transportation and acceptance of ride-share and 2) there is also a linear relationship between awareness of the danger of nuclear disaster and the acceptance of ride-share. To validate these hypotheses, we conducted an awareness survey of people living near nuclear power facilities, which indicated support for the hypotheses that were established.

The purpose of this paper is to clarify what kind of position was given to the former military grounds in the former naval port city conversion plan of Kure City.The former naval port city conversion plan of Kure City had the list of conversion plan of the former military grounds. Thorough the analysis from the view point of location and new use, we found that most of the conversion plan was in the Kure area and the Hiro area. We also found that the main uses by conversion were industrial facilities, houses, medical and welfare facilities, parks, and educational facilities. We can point out that there were many plans that inherit the same uses from the military and that use the former military buildings that have escaped destruction. So, we can understand that they were trying to revive the Kure area and Hiro area, these were developed as military ports, by effectively using the former military buildings and facilities.

Green spaces maintained by residents under a temporary contract are regarded as key to the process of urban renewal in shrinking cities. However, if the contract period for renting land increases, users of green spaces might show opposition to returning lands and losing them. This paper reports situations of two community gardens in Berlin regarding their land security. An intercultural garden in the Lichtenberg district succeeded in extending their contract to provide a part of the land for constructing a kindergarten, which the district council needed. Another mobile garden in the Kreuzberg district currently faces the end of their contract and gardeners are discussing if they should move somewhere else and give the land back to build a school, as moving such a symbolic garden might place other green spaces under pressure to develop.

The Urban Park Act Article 5 was amended, and now restaurants and cafés can be set up in urban parks more easily. This paper aims to identify effects, obstacles, and problems in setting up restaurants and cafés in urban parks and characteristics of urban parks which is appropriate to have cafes and restaurants. As a result, the followings are identified. At first, the effects are making parks vital, safe and relaxing. Second, the main obstacle is difficulty in estimating the profitability of the restaurant/café. Third, the characteristics are good accessibility, waterfront environment and capability to attract customers. Finally, the problems are mainly caused by coordination between a manager of the park and an owner of the restaurants.

Sidewalk walkability is important for realizing compact and walkable city. Greening at streets have several environmental functions such as improving the attractiveness of streetscapes and their implementation is steadily increasing in cities around the world. Increasing street greens, however, can also have other impacts such as visibility poorness and narrowing street space, which may negatively affect walkability. We conducted impression evaluation experiments by using manipulated images and analyzed the relationship between planting types and both walkability and streetscape attractiveness evaluation. We found that street trees in narrow sidewalks can have a negative influence on perceived walkability.

In densely built up residential areas, a greening method is needed to be compact. The purposes of this research were to clarify how the difference of the planting type effects on the impression of the alley, and what kinds of other plant features effect on the impression. We conducted a video based questionnaire with items based on semantic different method and the impression of plants. The result showed that planting types did not make a difference in the effect of greening on the alley landscapes, and that green coverage rates and individual plant characteristics changed the evaluation of alleys.

Tokyo once planed networked linear open spaces in their Post-War Reconstruction Plan after WW2. The purpose of this study was to clarify how much planning philosophy had been put in the open space plan and how well the plan had been realized. We focused on the concept of open space along rivers, cliff lines, and railways. We found that substantial amount of planned open space did not belong to any of open space types. We also found that several linear-shaped parks were made along railways and rivers in following development projects, which indicated the partial realization of planning philosophy.

In this study, it aims to shows that the status and consciousness of walking with infants. It also aims to clarify the requirements for creating a better walking space. As a result of conducting the questionnaire survey, the following was shown. 1) The requirements frequently walk with their children. 2) It is expected that walking will refreshing feelings and reducing stress. In addition, it is done to enjoy the time spent with children. 3) Most of the respondents are satisfied with the walk, but have experiences of danger and anxiety. We quantitatively clarified the requirements for creating a better walking space, by Analytic Hierarchy Process. The requirements for a better walking space are inscribed below;

There is a conventional area in Tokyo Bay, landfill in Tokyo Bay belongs to one of Tokyo, Chiba, Kanagawa prefecture. And the parts belonging to Tokyo belong to either Minato Ward, Koto Ward, Ota Ward, Shinagawa Ward or Edogawa Ward. However, despite the existence of such areas, consultations on the boundary of the landfill are conducted, and it often takes a long time to determine the boundary line. Then, why such a situation will occur, investigate and research on the landfill history in the 5 wards of the Gulf Coast adjacent to Tokyo Bay, the role of the current landfill site, the conflict in the boundary line of the landfill site As I went through various problems were coming.

The purpose of this study is to perceive the actual situation of uses and conditions of vacant lots and houses in suburban detached housing areas, especially keeping the district plans, and we considered the influence of the district plans. We investigated three areas in Chiba prefecture, and checked the lots and houses according to our criterions. In conclusion, there are some troubles in gardens and exteriors related to trees and grasses, but no serious problems of houses at present time. Regarding uses of houses, there are some dwellings with offices and dwellings with private small preparatory schools and culture schools. Residents in the areas located about 50 kilometers away from the center of Tokyo need home offices and workings spaces at their own houses.