This study examines the cost-effectiveness of collective relocation against landslides from the perspective of relocated residents in a high-risk area for landslides in area A, Kobe City, Japan. The city’s Nada and Kita wards were selected as relocation targets. Multiple relocation patterns were created to relocate all or some of the detached houses in the district. Six items were proposed as costs and three as benefits. The costs and benefits for each relocation pattern were calculated, and a cost-benefit analysis was conducted. The results reveal that the benefits exceeded the costs in most relocation patterns. The results also show that the selection of the relocation area significantly impacted the cost-benefit analysis results.

This study focuses on Floodlight Trucks among special firefighting vehicles, as a case for discussing the proposal of the optimum placement with using Manhattan distance. Firefighters have to arrive at the site as soon as possible where a disaster will occur and the frequency of the disaster will vary place by place. Therefore, we propose the iteration procedure of Voronoi diagram and MinSum arrangement to find out the optimal placement minimizing the weighted moving distance. With it, we developed a VBA program and executed the simulation. As a result, the optimal placement is shortened by the average of 1.3km compared to the current placement.

The declining and aging population, as well as the downsizing of households, poses problems for the simultaneous occurrence of vacant houses and the construction of new housing unit preventing compact city planning. This study revealed that the increase in the number of elderly single households is a source of vacant houses, while middle-aged single households tend to promote the construction of new housing due to the lack of housing stock. In Setagaya ward, Tokyo, one of the reasons for the increase in new housing construction may be that many of the elderly single households have old wooden detached houses facing qualitative problems. In Wakayama central city, it was inferred that old, detached houses built for households with children during an economic growth period do not meet the needs of middle-aged single households, due to factors such as age, size, and floor plan, which has promoted vacancy and new construction, resulting in a stagnation of the housing cycle.

In Japan, the privatization of community-based support centers for child-rearing and the diversification of childcare providers beyond nursery teachers have been progressing. Consequently, this paper gathered data from mothers who were employed as childcare support workers at the aforementioned community-based support center for child-rearing through participant observation and interviews. The paper also discusses mutual support in child-rearing and creativity by structuring the acquired data from an organizational management perspective and presents the results as one way to support child-rearing in the future. The results of the survey indicated two points in the process leading to actual activities. Firstly, a "moderate sense of distance" from professionals and government officials was present when the participants put their thoughts into action. Secondly, the environment permitted them to engage in activities without being constrained by societal expectations of motherhood.

This study investigated Residential History of Residents of Private nursing care homes. The results showed that the trend by number of moves and housing type was toward owned homes from an early stage, with some moving from owned home to owned home. The greater the number of moves, the more likely respondents were to choose condominiums over detached house. As for the place of residence, the parents' home was found to be a major pull factor. It is thought that when choosing a place to live, respondents compare conditions such as convenience with their familiar family home as a standard.

This report describes the method of the exhibition " The Power of Setagaya Town and Life " held in 2024, which displayed the accumulation of 50 years of community design in Setagaya. The exhibition was organized in five parts. The first and second parts aimed to show the expanse of time and space, and to form a sense of distance between each audience and the community design. The third, fourth and fifth parts were structured according to the actors - government initiative, resident participation and resident initiative - to enable the audience to understand community design from their own perspective. This method is a way of displaying the development of community design in the suburbs of megalopolis, but it can also be considered a universal way of displaying the history of autonomy in a city.

We investigated the achievements and challenges in citizen-lead landscape based on “70 COLORS OF SAPPORO’S LANDSCAPE” color scheme (hereafter abbreviated as “Sapporo Colors”) in Sapporo city. By examining documents related to activities surrounding Sapporo Colors, we found that they have been adopted by citizens in the development of localized guidelines and local products. We demonstrate that Sapporo Colors play a valuable role in creating a strong visual identity for local products, which is reflected in the urban and natural environment. This investigation shows that including color schemes in local planning policy can have a positive impact on the local activity.

As Japan's population continues to age and depopulate, public transportation is decreasing or being withdrawn, and opportunities for mobility, especially in depopulated areas with elderly people, are significantly declining. Under these circumstances, the public transportation bus network needs to be fundamentally revised in order to ensure freedom of movement for the elderly who cannot drive their own cars. Each city has developed a Public Transportation Master Plan to ensure local mobility. However, in order to evaluate whether these plans are sufficiently effective, it is necessary to compare and analyze multiple plans. This study takes several public transportation plans and analyzes the scatter plots and topics that appear, with the aim of finding problems related to urban public transportation.

With the diversification of housing, share houses for family households have emerged. This study compares the housing awareness of residents in traditional single-person share houses and mixed-family share houses, where a single person and a family live together. We conducted interviews and questionnaires to investigate the residents' history of changing residences, their actual and desired relationships with others in the share house, and their intention to change residences in the future. The history of change of residence tends to differ by share house type, and the relationship with others in the share house tends to differ by household type. Overall, there was a high level of willingness to continue living in a share house in the future. In the mixed household type share house, residents of different household types influence each other, and there are singles who intend to raise their children in a share house.

In this study, we analyzed watershed flood control in the Tsurumi River basin. The target area of the study was the Tsurumi River basin, which flows through three cities: Yokohama City, Kawasaki City, and Machida City. The study period was three days, July 1st, 2nd, and 3rd, 2021, when heavy rain occurred. Four types of data were used: watershed-related data, rainfall data, land use data, and vacant house data. The runoff amount was calculated from the analytical rainfall data. A countermeasure scenario was created based on the calculated leakage amount. To summarize the results obtained this time, the first is that the Tsurumi River basin is an area with many areas of urban land use, and the second is that the areas of urban land use in the Tsurumi River basin are replaced by natural land uses. In the scenario where the location was replaced, the amount of runoff could be reduced little by little, albeit in stages

With the rapid urbanization of cities in the China, urban planning is gradually changing from gradual construction to inventory construction, and the resources of historical neighborhoods with unique traditional culture and historical characteristics should be properly protected and effectively utilized. This study takes Houshupu Street in Xuwan Town, Jiangxi Province as the research object, explores the current situation of haptics in Houshupu Street through field surveys and questionnaires, and analyzes the suitability of urban haptics theory to influence the historic district after clarifying the principle and mode of action of urban haptics theory in Houshupu Street.

This study clarified the history of flood damage and flood control measures in the former Kyomo (now Toyota City, Aichi Prefecture), a flood-prone area, and the circumstances and factors leading to the relocation of the castle. The decision to relocate the castle to higher ground was triggered by the flood of 1871, which was caused by the Yahagigawa River becoming an overhead river. The biggest cause of the flood was the conversion of the Yahagigawa River into an overhead river. The main cause was the sedimentation caused by the riverbed replacement work in the early Edo period, but the damage was compounded by the upstream tsunami and the delay of the Yasunaga River construction due to farmers' protests.

This report is an attempt to detect changes such as building construction and demolition in urban areas using data obtained from Tellus, an open satellite data platform. Many methods use data from basic city planning surveys and aerial photographs to capture changes in urban areas. However, these methods cannot capture changes in the height direction. In recent years, with the development of remote sensing technology, satellite data is becoming more open and freer. In Japan, a satellite data platform called Tellus was developed as part of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry's project to make remote sensing satellite data open and free and to promote data utilization, allowing even non-remote sensing experts to use satellite data. It is becoming possible. In this study, we will verify whether it is possible to capture changes in urban areas, such as renewal of buildings, location and withdrawal of residences and commercial facilities, using Tellus data.

This study is concerned with changes in the green environment and policy effects associated with urbanisation in the Onda River basin. The aim is to identify what measures are being taken in specific watersheds to conserve the green environment, which is often lost due to urbanization, but which is necessary to maintain and restore a healthy water cycle. The results show that effective measures differ according to the type of green space environment. It was also revealed that different measures taken by different municipalities in the same watershed affect the green space environment, and issues of spring water areas where no conservation measures have been taken were identified.

The purpose of this study is to clarify what issues children with foreign backgrounds face in the case of a disaster and examine the measures needed to resolve these issues. As a result, the issues that are essential for survival in case of a disaster were identified. For example, the issue of food and how to cope with being alone. On top of that, there overlap the language and information issues that are unique to " children with foreign backgrounds". To address these issues, it is necessary to know in advance where food can be obtained and where information can be provided in multiple languages. It is also important to connect with the local community on a regular basis and build relationships to help each other.

This report presents the findings of a survey conducted in the fall of 2023 on the state of woonerf traffic regulations in Belgium. Woonerfs are spaces created for the coexistence of people and vehicles to enrich living environments, first introduced in 1978. In recent years, these traffic regulations have been utilized to prioritize pedestrian spaces in entire city centers, as well as suburban residential areas. Although the ultimate goal is to redesign streets without sidewalks, and allow people to use whole street space, there are measures to clearly indicate areas designated as woonerfs through simple, provisional methods.

In the event of a disaster, people evacuate to shelters designated by the local government. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of finding new evacuation spaces by supplementing evacuation facilities and convenience facilities with other functions. 5 allocation methods were used to assign convenience facilities to each accommodation. The results showed that the solution significantly exceeded the maximum travel distance constraint at 1000m. In a non-aggregated area, it is difficult to combine these facilities into an evacuation space due to the fact that they are scattered throughout the area. It is necessary to consider the development of convenient facilities in the vicinity, or to select a location where convenient facilities are close by.

The purpose of this study is to clarify how facility uses are determined for newly developed complexes resulting from large-scale urban redevelopment projects in recent years. To this end, we conduct a multiple regression analysis of the projects recorded in the Complete Record of Urban Redevelopment and Urban Area Redevelopment Projects in Japan (Volumes 8 and 9), using facility uses as the objective variables and the surrounding environment of the buildings as the explanatory variables. The results suggest that the area of previous uses, building characteristics, land uses and district characteristics of the development area, and urban characteristics are related, with building characteristics being the most relevant.

Normally, in Japan's large cities, it is natural that commercial functions are concentrated in shopping areas such as those in front of train stations. However, in areas where shopping areas and residential districts are close to each other, commercial functions exist even beyond the boundary between the two into the residential districts, giving the impression of a chaotic urban area. Therefore, this study considers that the distribution of commercial functions from commercial clusters, especially in shopping areas in front of train stations, to nearby residential areas may give the impression of miscellaneousness, and aims to clarify the aspect of the exudation of commercial functions from commercial clusters to residential areas by analyzing the many commercial functions in residential areas as miscellaneousness. The purpose of this study is to clarify the aspect of the exudation of commercial functions from commercial clusters to residential areas by analyzing it as miscellaneousness.

The purpose of this paper is to find new values in Machizukuri that respond to the changing values of society. (Sixth article in the series) In this study, we took up the case of the " Tyomintogikaigi "(Citizens' Assemblies) in Toyoyama Town, where both deliberative democracy and participatory Machizukuri are combined, and interviewed its practitioners, and identified seven new values of Machizukuri. Through their participation in the " Tyomintogikaigi, " the residents of Toyoyama are considered to be acting as both residents, which is the premise of participatory Machizukuri, and citizens, which is the premise of deliberative democracy. The practice of " Tyomintogikaigi ," where deliberative democracy and participatory Machizukuri overcome their differences and learn from and complement each other, shows that a circuit can be established to solve global issues while remaining rooted in the local community.

In Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia, uncontrolled residential land development in the ger districts due to unipolar concentration has led to concerns about disaster vulnerability, while floods caused by abnormal weather have aggravated the flooding problem. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the causes of flood damage in Ulaanbaatar and to find clues to solving the living environment problems in the ger districts by reflecting the traditional knowledge of the nomadic peoples in the modern city. Actual flood damage was collected from field surveys and media reports, and geographical factors were analysed using GIS and Google maps. The results revealed that topsoil prone to run-off, housing development on sloping land, poor drainage planning, town block formation on the valley floor and reduced green space were identified as factors. It was also suggested that Obo is located on higher ground with a lower risk of flooding, making it an effective evacuation site. In the future, urban development should take into account the installation of rainwater harvesting sites and the maintenance of public spaces on higher ground, such as Obo.