巻号一覧
34 巻, 12 号
選択された号の論文の18件中1～18を表示しています
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西尾 通卓, 那須 三郎, 村上 陽太郎1970 年 34 巻 12 号 p. 1173-1177
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーSince Fe57 Mössbauer spectra of Al-Fe alloys containing a small amount of iron can be separated into two parts, i.e., one arising from the solute iron atoms in the aluminum matrix and the other from the precipitated second phase Al3Fe, the concentration of iron in the individual phase can be estimated. The values of the solid solubility limit of iron in aluminum at various temperatures were determined from the analysis of the Mössbauer spectra obtained from the specimens annealed at various temperatures for long periods enough to complete the precipitation of the equilibrium phase Al3Fe. From the obtained solid solubility, the thermodynamic properties associated with the solution of iron in this alloy system were calculated as follows: the intrinsic entropy change, ΔSi⁄k, is 1.5, and the partial enthalpy change, Δh⁄k, is 9000°K. Using simple models, the vibrational entropy change and the strain energy of solution were estimated and compared with the above results. A method of analysis of Mössbauer spectra is also discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1558K) -
小川 豊1970 年 34 巻 12 号 p. 1177-1184
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーGrain boundary migration of poly- and bi-crystalline silver under compression at 500°C was observed with an optical microscope. The results obtained in poly-crystalline specimens are as follows: (1) One grain was absorved by the surrounding grains. (2) The direction of grain boundary migration was rotated around a triple point. (3) Twin boundaries intersecting a grain boundary restrained migration of the grain boundary.
When a bi-crystalline specimen was subjected to strain gradient compression, the grain boundary migrated at first to the center of curveture (to low strain side) and then to the high strain side. The driving force of the grain boundary migration was thought to arise from grain boundary energy in the initial stage and from stored energy of deformation in the following one. The acceleration of grain boundary migration under applied plastic stress was interpreted as due to strain enhanced self-diffusion in grain boundary.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3117K) -
宮崎 亨, 矢島 悦次郎, 須賀 久明1970 年 34 巻 12 号 p. 1184-1189
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe isothermal growth of the modulated structure and the structural dependence for the yield stress of aged Cu-5 at%Ti alloys were investigated by the X-ray diffraction method and the tensile test.
(1) In an early stage of aging, Cu-5 at%Ti alloys have modulated structures, the wave length and amplitude of which increase continuously on aging.
(2) Experimental results on the yield stresses of Cu-5 at%Ti alloys in an early stage of aging seem to support Cahn’s theory, in which the interaction between a dislocation and the periodic internal stress field due to compositional modulation is considered. In the later stage of structural modulation, yield stresses are lower than Cahn’s theoretical values. This may be due to the fact that the distribution of solute atoms in the modulated structure changes into the rectangular one.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1806K) -
須賀 久明, 宮崎 亨, 矢島 悦次郎1970 年 34 巻 12 号 p. 1190-1194
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe isothermal growth of the modulated structure and the structural dependence for the yield stress of aged Ni-10 at%Ti alloy were investigated by the X-ray diffraction method and the tensile test. The results obtained are as follows:
(1) In an early stage of aging, Ni-10 at%Ti alloys have modulated structures, the wave length and amplitude of which increase continuously on aging.
(2) The growth of the modulated structures in Ni-10 at%Ti alloy is controlled by the rate of diffusion of Ti in Ni solid solution.
(3) Experimental results of the yield stresses of Ni-10 at%Ti alloys in an early stage of aging seem to support Cahn’s theory, in which the interaction between a dislocation and the periodic internal stress field due to composional modulation is considered.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1655K) -
清沢 昭雄, 井垣 謙三, 大橋 伸光1970 年 34 巻 12 号 p. 1194-1200
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーZinc selenide single crystals were grown by the sublimation method under variously controlled partial pressures of one of the constituent elements using a closed quartz ampule with pure Zn or a Se reservoir at one end.
The relation between the partial pressure of Zn or Se2, which was estlimated from the reservoir temperature, and the transport rate of solid ZnSe from the charged source to the growth chamber via the vapor phase was found:
(1) In the case of low partial pressure of Zn or Se2, i.e. a lower reservoir temperature, the transport rate was independent of partial pressure.
(2) In the case of high Zn partial pressure, it was proportional to the—3rd power of Zn partial pressure.
(3) For the higher Se2 partial pressure, it was proportional to the—3/2th power of Se2 partial pressure.
These experimental results were compared with the calculated results which were obtained on the assumption that the rate determining procedure for the transport process was the diffusion in the vapor phase, and regions showing good agreement between the experimental and calculated results were disclosed.
The grown crystals had always a crystal structure of the zinc blend type and their typical shapes were columnar with an equilateral hexagonal cross section grown in the direction of one of [111] directions and also plate-like grown in the directions of two of [111] directions.
X-ray diffraction photographs by the oscillating crystal method and the Weissenberg method revealed two types of twin structures caused by growth faults; one due to the growth fault in only one of [111] directions which corresponded to the growth direction of the columnar crystals and the other due to the growth fault in at least two of [111] directions which corresponded to growth directions of the plate-like crystals.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1652K) -
三浦 維四, 奥野 攻1970 年 34 巻 12 号 p. 1201-1207
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe strain distribution of fiber reinforced metals was measured by the Moiré grid method. Aluminum was used as the matrix metals with a 0.5 mmφ tungsten filament as the reinforcing fiber. The results obtained for the fiber aligned parallel to the tensile load direction are as follows:
(1) Interfacial shear strain in the matrix was concentrated at the end of the fiber and zero at the center of the fiber. Increasing stress of the composite, this maximum shear strain distribution was extended.
(2) The experimentally determined stress distribution in the discontinuous tungsten fiber was in good agreement with Kelly-Tyson’s equation when the composite stress was the highest (σc=5.78 kg/mm2). Plasticity of the tungsten fiber was the direct reason for this agreement.
(3) The highest interfacial tensile strain of the matrix was in the vicinity of the fiber end (x⁄d=−1∼−2).
(4) The radial direction effect of the fiber was over 30 times that of the fiber diameter.
(5) The radial strain distribution of the matrix was determined and the minimum strain was found in the vicinity of the center of specimen.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2290K) -
久松 敬弘, 吉井 紹泰1970 年 34 巻 12 号 p. 1207-1213
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThis paper discribes the effect of passivation pretreatments on the pit initiation of type 304 and 304L stainless steels. On specimens which had been treated at the potential in passive or transpassive region in 1 N H2SO4, pitting corrosion behavior was observed in 1 N H2SO4 containing 0.5 N NaCl at 25°C.
On specimens pretreated in transpassive region, it was clearly shown that there are two potential regions concerning film break-through in the chloride solution. One is repassivation region which is followed by the other, pit-growth region. Even in the repassivation region film break-through occurs.
The critical potential for pitting which is the boundary between the two potential regions has been determined more precisely on the specimens with transpassive film. For the specimens pretreated at the passive potential for one hour, film break-through occurred seldom in the repassivation region and the observed critical-potential values were scattered in a more noble range.
In the specimen with a transpassive film there appeared more pits when the specimen was held directly at 600 mV (SCE) in the pit-growth potential region. Pits developed in this potential region were generally of closed-type.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1768K) -
大林 幹男, 中村 元志, 小松 登1970 年 34 巻 12 号 p. 1213-1221
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーIt has already been recognized by many researchers that lead oxides , the combustion products of tetraethyl lead, cause high temperature catastrophic corrosion of engine exhaust valves and ignition plugs. But most of the studies on them relate to the reactions in the molten state of PbO.
The present investigation was carried out on the effects of heating atmosphere and alloying elements on the high temperature corrosion of Fe and its binary alloys by solid PbO in the temperature range 700°∼850°C i.e. below the melting point of PbO.
The results of the experiments are summarized as follows:
(1) The catastrophic corrosion of Fe and Fe alloys caused by PbO powder was especially prominent at temperature above 770°C in both air (an oxidizing atmosphere) and argon gas (a reduced oxygen atmosphere).
(2) The effect of some alloying elements on the corrosion resistance of Fe was determined; the alloying elements improving the corrosion resistance were Cr and Ni, and those decreasing especially in a reduced oxygen atmosphere were Al and Si.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3111K) -
中島 耕一, 水谷 嘉之, 尾関 哲康1970 年 34 巻 12 号 p. 1221-1225
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーSome investigations of the effect of grinding on the structure of carbon steel containing 0.45% carbon were carried out by using an X-ray technique, an electron microscope and an electron microprobe X-ray analyser. The relationship between hardness change with the depth from the surface in contact with grinding tool and the grinding conditions was also examined. The experimental results showed that a fundamental change in the structure of the surface layer due to the grinding was related strongly to the generation of plastic flow and heat evolution in the surface layer during grinding.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1602K) -
小切間 正彦, 平山 俊成1970 年 34 巻 12 号 p. 1226-1232
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーIt is well-known that the fatigue strength of metals is much influenced by the frequency of cross-slip. So, dislocation arrangements, crack initiation and propagation mechanisms of fatigued metals are expected to be affected by stacking fault energy.
Then, cold-rolled sheets of copper-germanium alloys which have a large variety of stacking fault energies, were fatigued in constant deflection with a bending fatigue machine, and after being thinned from one side of the surfaces, they were observed mainly by a transmission electron microscope.
As a result, it is found that in copper-germanium alloys which have high stacking fault energies, striped high-dislocation-density walls (cell boundaries) parallel to [1\bar21] direction are formed by fatiguing. The lower is stacking fault energy, the more straight are cell boundaries. These straight cell boundaries are called “dark bands”. Dark bands are mainly composed of small dislocation loops. Fatigue cracks initiate and propagate along dark bands. These straight cell boundaries (dark bands) are assumed to correspond to persistent slip-bands on the surface.
On the other hand, in copper-germanium alloys which have low stacking fault energies, many fatigue cracks initiate at the cross points of slip-line and twin boundary, grain boundary and/or other slip-lines, which suggests the importance of the dislocation pile-up mechanisms for fatigue crack initiation. While many cracks propagate through slip-lines. This fact indicates that fatigue cracks propagate along persistent slip-bands without regard to the order of magnitude of stacking fault energy. In the case of low stacking fault energy alloys, fatigue cracks sometimes propagate along grain boundaries or twin boundaries.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2989K) -
天野 宗幸, 佐々木 靖男1970 年 34 巻 12 号 p. 1232-1237
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe thermal recovery of the increase in electrical resistivity caused by the deformation of niobium was studied. Polycrystalline niobium wires were strained in tension at temperatures from −196° to 50°C with strain rates of 3.3×10−5 to 3.3×10−3 sec−1.
The increase in electrical resistivity with strain was nearly linear and was strongly dependent upon the deformation temperature. The isochronal recovery curves of specimens revealed the well defined stage III recovery centered around 160°C and the strain aging was found at this recovery stage by the tensile test. The total recovery in this stage increased with decreasing deformation temperature and increasing strain. The effect of strain rate on this recovery was not observed apparently. The resistivities of the specimens which were stretched by 5% at each temperature and subsequently annealed up to 220°C showed a negative deviation from the initial resistivity.
It is concluded that the recovery in the stage III is mainly caused by the clustering of oxgen atoms to dislocations and the dependence of the stage III recovery on deformation temperature is attributed to the difference in the dislocation density. The experimental results suggest that the change in dislocation density with strain increases with decreasing temperature.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1290K) -
増本 量, 村上 雄悦, 比内 正勝1970 年 34 巻 12 号 p. 1237-1242
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーSince the original discovery of “Nimalloy” on the Ni-Mn alloys containing about 24%Mn or less which show high permeability when rendered into an optimum degree of order by proper heat treatment. Much work has since been done so as to investigate the effects of various element additions on the properties of Ni-Mn alloys, and numerous alloys having superior magnetic properties have been obtained. It has been known that the cooling rate should be as large as possible for the Ni-Mn-Fe alloys and as small as possible for the Ni-Mn-Cr alloys in order to develop their excellent magnetic properties. Therefore the present authors have investigated the Ni-Mn-Fe-Cr system to obtain the alloys which exhibit the superior magnetic property at a moderate cooling speed as the furnace cooling. As a result, the highest initial permeability of 53950 was obtained on the alloy composed of 78.59%Ni, 14.01%Mn, 4.05%Fe and 3.35%Cr when cooled at a rate of 240°C/hr from 900°C, and the highest maximum permeability of 231000 on the alloy of 78.64%Ni, 14.46%Mn, 4.02%Fe and 2.88%Cr when cooled at a rate of 100°C/hr from 900°C. The latter alloy shows a coercive force of 0.0043 Oe and a magnetic hysteresis loss of 11.42 erg/cm3/cycle for a maximum magnetic induction of 2000G, its electrical resistivity being 75.0 μΩ-cm at 20°C.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1304K) -
増本 量, 村上 雄悦, 比内 正勝1970 年 34 巻 12 号 p. 1242-1247
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーScince the original discovery of “Nimally” on Ni-Mn alloys containing less than about 24%Mn which exhibit high permeability when subjected to an appropriate heat treatments. Much work has since been carried out so as to investigate the effects of various element additions on the properties of Ni-Mn alloys, and numerous alloys having superior magnetic properties have been obtained. It has been known that the cooling rate should be as large as possible for the Ni-Mn-Fe alloys and as small as possible for the Ni-Mn-Mo alloys in order to develop their excellent magnetic properties. Therefore the present authors have investigated the Ni-Mn-Fe-Mo system so as to obtain the alloys which exhibit the superior magnetic properties as in the case of the Ni-Mn-Fe-Cr system at a moderate cooling speed as the furnace cooling. As a result, the highest initial permeability of 46540 was obtained on the alloy composed of 76.88%Ni, 11.22%Mn, 4.67%Fe and 7.23%Mo when cooled at a rate of 400°C/hr from 900°C, and the highest maximum permeability of 270000 was obtained on the alloy of 77.13%Ni, 10.66%Mn, 5.15%Fe and 7.06%Mo when cooled at a rate of 2800°C/hr from 900°C. The latter alloy shows a coercive force of 0.0019 Oe and a magnetic hysteresis loss of 0.53 erg/cm3/cycle for the maximum magnetic induction of 1000 G, its electrical resistivity being 89.4 μΩ-cm at 20°C.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1062K) -
増本 量, 渡辺 清, 三寺 正雄1970 年 34 巻 12 号 p. 1247-1252
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーSince the discovery of a new magnet alloy “Malcolly” having a high coercive force in the system of cobalt and aluminium, much work has been carried out so as to investigate the effects of additions of nickel, molybdenum, titanium, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese on the properties of Malcolloy; the highest coercive force obtained in each system of alloys ranged over 1200∼1600 Oe. In this report, the effect of germanium, iron, copper, silicon and antimony additions on the properties of Co-Al alloys has been studied, with the result that the coercive force of the alloys increases with increasing germanium content and decreases with increasing contents of iron, copper, silicon and antimony. An alloy composed of 81.80%Co, 9.20%Al and 9.00%Ge shows a coercive force of 1600 Oe, a residual magnetic flux density of 4200 G and a maximum energy product of 2.20 MG·Oe when tempered at 500°C for 125 hr after water-quenching from 1310°C. These alloys consist of many ferromagnetic elongated particles about 500∼1500 Å in length which are precipitated in the matrix of a nearly non-magnetic β′ phase. Consequently, it may be concluded that the high coercivity of these alloys is mainly caused by the existence of fine particles of a single magnetic domain.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1524K) -
長田 和雄, 梅津 清, 西川 精一1970 年 34 巻 12 号 p. 1253-1259
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーOn the reversion phenomena of Cu-3%Ti alloys were investigated by measurements of electrical resistivity, hardness, 0.2% proof stress and tensile strength and the X-ray method.
Some results obtained are as follows: (1) The reversion process investigated by the electrical resistivity change is described as a first order reaction up to f=0.6∼0.7. (2) The activation energy for the reversion process obtained from the initial tangents of resistivity reversion curves is nearly equal to 2.3 eV. (3) Under constant ageing conditions, the amount of reversion increases, and the time required for the max. increment of electrical resistivity becomes shorter as the reversion temperature rises. Also, under the condition of a constant reversion temperature and a constant decrement of electrical resistivity due to ageing treatment, the amount of reversion is greater as the difference between ageing and reversion temperatures increases. (4) In the case of short time ageing, the reversion phenomena are apparently undetectable, but the amount of reversion increases with ageing time up to the max. value, and thereafter decreases gradually. (5) Reversion phenomena of this alloy can be repeated many times almost completely when they are investigated by electrical resistivity, 0.2% proof stress and tensile strength. However, this reversible behavior is not complete in the case of hardness measurement. (6) The profile of side bands in the Debye film from a specimen aged for 1 hr at 450°C disappears almost completely after reversion treatment for 10 sec at 700°C. When this specimen is reverted at 550°C, the spacing (Δθ) between the side bands and the relative intensity between the side bands and the main diffraction line seem to decrease as the reversion proceeds. (7) If the decomposition process of this alloy follows the nucleation and growth mechanism, the reversion mechanism of its modulated structure may be explained by the conventional (critical size or G-P solvus) theories. If it follows the spinodal decomposition, this reversion phenomena may be explained qualitatively by the temperature depondence of the critical wave length λc in the spinodal decomposition theory proposed by Cahn et al.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1922K) -
藤川 良道, 孫 鳳根, 三宅 正宣, 佐野 忠雄1970 年 34 巻 12 号 p. 1259-1263
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe reaction between niobium and graphite over the temperature range 1700°∼2200°C has been investigated. The reaction products were found to be Nb2C and NbC which formed between the graphite and the metal. Parabolic growth behavior was observed for both phases. The rate constants for layer growth can be expressed as
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The diffusion coefficients of carbon in Nb2C and NbC was estimated to be
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assuming that D is independent of concentration.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (766K) -
中山 忠行, 押田 良機1970 年 34 巻 12 号 p. 1264-1267
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーEffects of stability of austenitic phases worked by shot-peening on the structures and compositions of oxide films formed on 18-8 and 18-18 stainless steels worked by wet oxidation have been studied mainly by electron diffraction and characteristic X-ray micro-analysis.
The following results are drawn from the present investigations.
The oxide film formed on the mechanically or chemically polished surfaces of 18-8 stainless steels by oxidizing in 300°C high temperature water for 1 hr were the same in structures and compositions for the both polished surfaces. The corundum type oxides were consisted of (Cr, Fe)2O3 possibly accompanied by α-Fe2O3, showing characteristic X-rays of Fe and Cr.
On the contrary, the surface worked by shot-peening of 18-18 stainless steel was covered with oxide films which gave diffraction patterns showing clearly the existence of spinel type oxide with corundum type oxide of weak intensity at the same oxidizing conditions. Further, besides Fe and Cr, Ni was detected from this oxide film. And residual strain on the surface did not give any effects on the structures and compositions of the wet oxidized films. From the above, it is probable that the stability of austenitic phase contributes to the structures of oxide films formed by wet oxidation on Fe-Cr-Ni stainless steels.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1396K) -
斎藤 英夫, 深道 和明1970 年 34 巻 12 号 p. 1268-1269
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (147K)
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