巻号一覧
34 巻, 6 号
選択された号の論文の18件中1～18を表示しています
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浜崎 美智子, 五弓 勇雄, 岡村 俊一1970 年 34 巻 6 号 p. 569-575
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThis studies were carried out to clarify recrystallization behaviors of low carbon 18%Cr stainless steel and 20%Cr-80%Ni and 30%Cr-70%Ni alloys with the RD\varparallel⟨110⟩ rolling texture.
The results are as follows:
Recrystallization of {001}⟨110⟩ domains on the low carbon 18%Cr stainless steel was completed with the appearance of subgrains at the same time when {001}⟨110⟩ domains recovered wholly, and did not show grain growth. Hence recrystallization grains were nucleated in situ for matrix. {111}⟨110⟩ domains were recrystallized along the rolling direction to extremely large secondary recrystallization grains notwithstanding their late start. On the Cr-Ni alloys which did not show the ridging phenomenon notwithstanding their having the RD\varparallel⟨110⟩ texture, the RD\varparallel⟨110⟩ compornent tended to decrease after recrystallization. In alloys slow-cooled during heat treatment before cold rolling, the RD\varparallel⟨110⟩ component diminished at smaller reduction than quenched ones.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2458K) -
瀬尾 省逸, 古沢 浩一, 矢島 悦次郎1970 年 34 巻 6 号 p. 576-580
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe gas-carburizing capacity of heat-resisting low-nickel-chromium case-hardening steels containing molybdenum was studied by using the endothermic generator gas. The main results are as follows:
(1) The case depth depends on two factors: the surface carbon content and the diffusivity of carbon.
(2) The diffusion coefficient of carbon is roughly determined from the case depth, using an equation; x2=2Dt, which is necessary to be corrected according to the surface carbon content.
(3) Carbide forming elements, chromium, molybdenum decrease the activity of carbon and noncarbide forming elements, nickel, silicon increase it and cobalt has little influence on it.
(4) The activity of carbon has a close relation with the equilibrium phase diagram and if the diagram and the relation between dew-point and the activity of carbon are known, it is possible to show the rough dew-point equilibrium curve.
(5) Addition of molybdenum increases extremely the surface carbon content and the carbon potential at a high temperature, and restrains the grain growth of austenite, so molybdenum is a useful element for the high temperature carburizing process.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1777K) -
瀬尾 省逸, 宮崎 亨, 矢島 悦次郎1970 年 34 巻 6 号 p. 581-585
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe influence of nickel on carbon potential, an important factor in the gas-carburizing, was studied at 900°C by measuring the dew-point equilibrium curve. The results obtained are as follows:
(1) Dew-point of endothermic gas is the factor which determines the carbon potential, and if the relation between the carbon potential and activity of carbon is known, the dew-point is also the factor which determines the activity of carbon.
(2) For the endothermic generator gas composed of 23%CO, 32%H2, slight H2O, CO2 and N2 at the carburizing temperature of 900°C, when the dew-point is −9°C, the activity of carbon becomes 1.
(3) The equation for the solubility change of carbon (ΔC%) due to nickel addition is obtained as.
(This article is not displayable. Please see full text pdf.)
where the coefficient m′ is the solubility parameter which indicates the γ-field to be extended or to be reduced.
(4) The value of m′ is possitive for the carbide forming elements and γ+special carbide field is extended by these elements.
(5) If m′ of all alloying elements have been known, it is possible to calculate the carbon potential for ac=1 and to determine the dew-point equilibrium curve.
(6) The value of m′ of nickel, chromium and molybdenum are nearly equal to m′ in molten steel.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (854K) -
堀 真市1970 年 34 巻 6 号 p. 585-590
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe behaviors of the eutectoid transformation of the Al-bronzes containing Cr,Ti and Zr with Fe were investigated by means of differential dilatation, differential thermal analysis and microscopic observation. The results were: (1) The structures of the water-quenched Cu-12.13Al-1.23Cr-4.15Fe, Cu-12.36Al-1.35Ti-4.04Fe alloys were β′, Cu-12.3Al-3.5Fe, Cu-12.5Al-1.26Zr-4.12Fe alloys were β′+hcpγ′, Cu-13.28Al-1.74Cr-5.13Fe, Cu-13.01Al-3.75Fe, Cu-13.97Al-1.34Ti-4.22Fe, Cu-13.62Al-1.39Zr-3.91Fe alloys were orthorhombic γ′. (2) The processes of tempering transformation of these alloys were Mart. →β1, β1→β, β1, β→α+γ2+κ and α+γ2+κ→β. (3) The self-annealings of these Al-bronzes containing about 1.3%Cr, Ti and Zr with Fe were depressed compared with Cu-Al alloys but enhanced compared with Cu-Al-Fe alloys.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1504K) -
西田 恵三, 山本 強, 永田 卓雄1970 年 34 巻 6 号 p. 591-596
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーIron test piece was diffusion-annealed in an evacuated capsule with the powdered Fe-Al alloy (α+ζ) as an Al vapor source at 800°∼1100°C and each diffusion-penetration curve was analysed by means of a Balluffi’s method to obtain the chemical diffusion coefficients (\ ildeD) with the concentration of Al. From the values of coefficient the activation energies for diffusion (\ ildeQ) with the composition of the alloy were obtained. \ ildeD at each temperature was strongly dependent upon Al concentration of α-range in an Fe-Al system and each showed a peak value at some composition of Al and these peaks fitted the order-disorder boundary of this alloy (α) very well. The dependency of \ ildeD with temperature in the Arrhenius plot showed a good lineality from which the activation energy for diffusion was calculated. It was found to decrease steeply with Al concentration down to 43 kcal/mol in a disorder range and rose up in an ordered range in general. But it showed a high value of activation energy (69 kcal/mol) at the threshold of an ordered phase. This seemingly abnormal behavior of the initial high value in the ordered phase was discussed. Fine alumina markers placed at first on the test piece were found in the ordered phase after annealing at each temperature, localized in higher Al concentration with higher temperature, and the intrinsic diffusion coefficient of Al showed the value of about 1.4 to 2.0 times higher than that of iron. The mean activation energies in the range of composition of 30.5 to 42.8 at%Al of both constituents were about the same (60 kcal/mol).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2094K) -
田中 吉秋, 太刀川 恭治1970 年 34 巻 6 号 p. 597-603
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーCompositions and structures of V-Ga intermediate phases formed by diffusion at high temperatures were studied using electron probe microanalysis, optical metallography and X-ray diffraction. Superconducting transition temperatures, Tc, of the intermediate phases were also measured.
Five different intermediate phases, V3Ga, 2V-Ga, V3Ga2, VGa and VGa2 were formed in the V-Ga diffusion couples. The V3Ga compound, having the cubic (A-15) structure, is stable below 1300°C and transforms to V-Ga solid solution above 1300°C. The 2V-Ga phase, which is a V-Ga solid solution, decomposes into V3Ga and V3Ga2 by an eutectoid reaction at 1100°C. The hexagonal V3Ga2 compound is stable below 1200°C. The VGa compound is stable between 1050°C and 1200°C and decomposes into V3Ga2 and VGa2 at 1050°C. The tetragonal VGa2 compound is stable below 1050°C.
The formation rates of V3Ga, V3Ga2 and VGa2 show maxima at 1100°C, 1000°C and 700°C, respectively. The formation rates of V3Ga2 and VGa2 are more than one order of magnitude larger than that of V3Ga. Tc of V3Ga formed at 800°C is 14.5°K. Tc decreases as the heat treatment temperature increases. V3Ga is the only phase in V-Ga ststem which becomes superconducting above 4.2°K.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2587K) -
大橋 照男, 市川 理衛1970 年 34 巻 6 号 p. 604-610
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーIt has been well known that the supersaturated solid solutions of Al-Zr alloys produced by rapid solidification shows remarkable age hardening, so the effect of Fe and Si as common impurities in Al on age hardening and mechanical properties of these alloys were investigated by means of microscopic observation, the resistmetric method and microhardness and tensile tests.
The maximum solubility of Zr in solid Al was extended by rapid solidification to about 1∼1.2 wt%Zr which is equivalent to about four times as the equilibrium maximum solubility, and was scarecely affected by a small quantity of Fe and Si involved. The concentration of Zr which allowed the alloys to harden appreciably during aging could be lowered by the addition of these impurities and subsequently the mechanical properties were improved. It might be shown that the precipitation temperature of Zr from the solid solutions was lowered about 300°C to 250°C, especially by the addition of Si and the precipitation rate of Zr was accelerated by a small quantity of these impurities to promote the age hardening of the alloys.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2739K) -
佐藤 公隆, 山口 直治, 鈴木 良一, 松本 龍太郎1970 年 34 巻 6 号 p. 610-615
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーMass spectrographic method equipped with a triggered DC spark source is thought to be available for the microprobe analysis of steel, so the correlation of the source condition with the size of the crater and the kind and the shape of the material of the counter electrode were investigated in detail. The experimental results obtained are as follows: The size of the crater for the ion source is remarkablly smaller than that when a radio frequency spark source equipped to a solid mass spectrograph, was used. The sample electrode should be set to a higher voltage side than to an earth side, in order to obtain the smaller size of a crater and to minimize weight of counter electrode by sparking as possible. The size of crater can be made less than 80 microns by controlling the total exposing power to less than 1×10−11 coulombs and by sharpening the tip of the material of the counter electrode. Reproducibility is nearly within 10%, so the proposed technique is effective in order to study the behavior of trace elements in a microscopic area of 100μ diameter on the surface of the steel and the other alloys.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1612K) -
佐藤 教男1970 年 34 巻 6 号 p. 615-620
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーA theory is presented which illustrates thermodynamically the local and the partial breakdown of passivity as a mechanical failure of the passive film. The electrostriction pressure due to a high electric field in the film produces a compressive stress which could surmount the breakdown stress of the film. The surface tension stabilizes the film absorbing the electrostriction pressure, but this surface effect decreases with increasing film thickness. Hence, there is a critical film thickness beyond which mechanical breakdown could occur. Anion adsorption lowering the surface tension decreases the critical film thickness for breakdown.
The net stress in the film is shown as a function of electric field, dielectric constant, surface tension and film thickness, and the breakdown potential to depend on the anion concentration in solution, at which the film thickness is critical for breakdown. The theory is also shown to explain as its consequence the observed effect of anion concentration on the breakdown potential and the effect of inhibitive anions on the film breakdown for aluminum and stainless steel in solution containing halogen ion.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1687K) -
天野 嘉次, 三木 雅道1970 年 34 巻 6 号 p. 620-625
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーFor the purpose of obtaining high-strength copper alloys having high corrosion resistance, the aging characteristics and the spring property of Cu-30%Ni containing 0.47 wt%Be and 0.6∼3.0 wt%Al have mainly been investigated by means of the hardness test, X-ray diffraction, optical and electron microscopy (replica method), and the spring test.
The results obtained were as follows:
(1) These alloys showed a maximum hardness value at 500°∼600°C when aged at 300°∼800°C for 1 hr after water quenching from 1050°C, and maximum value in hardness at 600°C increases with the amount of added aluminum.
(2) It is concluded that age hardening occurred by heating at 600°C after water quenching from 1050°C is due to the precipitation of NiBe (β) and Ni3Al, and that the hardening at an earlier stage of aging is contributed by the precipitation of non-equilibrium phase (β′) but the hardening at later stage is due to the precipitation of Ni3Al.
(3) Moreover, it seems that added aluminum suppresses the grain-boundary reaction developed by the precipitation of NiBe and consequently restrains the over-aging of these alloys.
(4) The alloy containing about 2.4%Al showed an excellent spring property having a maximum value of about 125 kg/mm2 in Kb, when it was cold rolled by 50% after water quenched from 1050°C and aged at 400°∼500°C for 1 hr.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1476K) -
久武 慶蔵, 太田 恵造1970 年 34 巻 6 号 p. 625-629
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーTime decrease of permeability (disaccommodation, DA) was studied on the ceramic Sr-doped YIG, Y3Fe5−xSrxO12 (0≤x≤0.08).
Two kinds of disaccommodation were observed; one (DA 1) was at approx. −170°C and theother (DA 2) at approx. 50°C.
The activation energy of DA 1 was 0.17±0.33 eV, which agreed with that of electrical conductivity in low temperature, and the activation energy of DA2 was 0.89±0.53 eV. From the compositional dependence of DA 2 and the electrical properties on Sr concentration, it was concluded that Fe4+ ion induced by Sr2+ ion contributes to DA 2 and Fe2+ ion to DA 1.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1276K) -
西沢 泰二, 千葉 昂1970 年 34 巻 6 号 p. 629-637
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーEifert et al have recently reported that the aluminum contents in the α⁄β interface in Cu-Al diffusion couples are higher than those given by the equilibrium phase diagram. Similar experiments on the α⁄γ interface in γ Fe-Cr diffusion couples in this work have proved that the chromium contents in the interface are considerably lower than those in α and γ phases of the equilibrated two-phase alloys. These experiences suggest that the condition of interphase equilibrium is affected by the rate of atom transfer across the phase interface. A phenomenological consideration has been given to the rate of atom transfer concerning the chemical potential gradient and the atomic mobility in the interface layer. The mobility of the α⁄γ interface in the γ Fe-Cr system has been estimated to be about 1/500 of that of lattice diffusion in the α phase. This concept has also been applied to analyze a result on the non-equilibrium α⁄α interface found in α Fe-Cr diffusion couples heated at a temperature between 830° to 910°C for a long time, and the reason why the equilibrium phase γ is missing has been discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2688K) -
増本 量, 渡辺 清1970 年 34 巻 6 号 p. 638-642
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーCrystal srtuctures and magnetic properties of Pt-Mn-Sb alloys have been investigated by means of X-ray and magnetic analysis. It has been found that a new C1b type compound PtMnSb exists in the Pt-Mn-Sb system and forms solid solutions in the compositional range of Pt1.00Mn1.00Sb1.00∼Pt0.94Mn1.12Sb0.94. These alloys in solid solution have lattice parameters of about 6.196∼6.228 Å at room temperature, saturation magnetizations of 62.0∼64.0 e.m.u./g at absolute zero, effective Bohr magneton numbers of 3.73∼4.14 μB per Mn atom at absolute zero, and Curie temperatures of 522°∼595°K. The magnetic susceptibility of these alloys has been found to satisfy the Curie-Weiss law above the Curie temperature.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1867K) -
菊池 武昭, 落合 貞行, 黒沢 利夫, 柳橋 哲夫1970 年 34 巻 6 号 p. 643-649
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe carbothermic reduction of Al2O3 and mixtures of Al2O3 and Fe2O3, NiO, Cu and SiO2 was studied respectively in argon and CO atmosphere. Furthermore, the reduction of bauxite and colloidal earth available for direct reduction of aluminum was also examined.
When the mixture of Al2O3⁄C=1⁄3 was heated for 30 min in argon, Al4O4C and Al4C3 were found at 1700°C and 1900°C respectively, and Al was observed at 1950°C. In addition, radioactive analysis traced the reduction process in decrement total oxygen.
In case of CO atmosphere, Al4O4C was not found at all and Al4C3 was formed at 1900°C, but Al was not found even at 1950°C. Addition of Fe2O3, NiO, Cu showed the effect of formation of aluminum alloy at lower temperatures such as 1600°∼1700°C in all atmospheres, and moreover Al4O4C, Al4C3 were not formed.
Until the formation of Al-Si alloy, the reaction of Al2O3-SiO2-C in argon showed a simultaneous change of Al2O3-C and SiO2-C systems.
In case of bauxite and colloidal earth, aluminum alloy was found at 2000°C in argon, and the addition of NiO to bauxite formed aluminum alloy above 1700°C.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2585K) -
菊池 武昭, 黒沢 利夫, 柳橋 哲夫1970 年 34 巻 6 号 p. 650-656
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーAs a part of the study relating to direct reduction of aluminum, the preparation of aluminum alloy was carried out by means of 10 kVA Girod and 70 kVA Héroult furnace using the bauxite and the colloidal earth, and the reduction process and operational conditions were clarified.
As to the step of the preparatory treatment of the source materials, it was found that briquetting and pelletizing were more effective to make the reduction easy and to get more uniform tapped alloy in comparison with the respective charge. In addition, a larger amount of alloy and a higher content of aluminum in the tapped metal were obtained in the mixtures.
The differences in the carbonacious materials among charcoal, coal and cokes were not made clear. The alloy contained 32∼55%Al, of 20∼54%Si, 15∼32%Fe, and 2∼4%Ti. The reduction ratios of Al2O3 and SiO2 were similar, while Fe2O3 was about twice as good. Chemical and X-ray analysis of the residual matter showed that the alloy was formed mainly between aluminum oxide and silicon carbide.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1705K) -
川村 和郎, 渡辺 四郎, 佐々木 一1970 年 34 巻 6 号 p. 656-659
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーA simple determination method for fluorine in fluorspar was studied by means of a pyrolytic separation and titration with thorium nitrate.
The pyrolysis of fluoride was carried out with good results under the following conditions; decomposition temperature 1100°C, flow rate of wet nitrogen gas 1 L/min, decomposition time 20 min.
The evolved fluoride was titrated with thorium nitrate using methyl thymol blue as an indicator.
It was confirmed that good results could be obtained by this titration with a little skill in judgement of the endpoint.
The time required for a determination was about 30 minutes, and two samples could be done within the same time by use of two decomposition tubes in parallel.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (807K) -
吉田 博行, 村上 陽太郎, 斎藤 寿雄1970 年 34 巻 6 号 p. 660-666
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe relation between temperature dependence of strength and dislocation arrangements in β-brass has been investigated using transmission electron microscopy techniques and tensile testing. The critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) and the rate of work hardening in single crystals were increased with decreasing testing temperatures lower than room temperature. Intersection of super-dislocations with antiphase boundaries (AFB) on different two slip systems, and dislocation loops and AFB ribbons were observed in either thin foils or bulk single crystals deformed under tension at room temperature, but piled-up dislocations and cell structures were not observed. In β-brass deformed near the peak temperature of CRSS, pair dislocations with wide distance and isolated dislocations were observed. Fewer dislocations were observed to be arrayed in a line or a network in β-brass deformed at elevated temperatures. From the above observations, the mechanism of work hardening and temperature dependence of CRSS of β-brass were discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2349K) -
藤井 政夫, 熊田 誠1970 年 34 巻 6 号 p. 666-671
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーA few environmental factors affecting pitting in stainless steel such as halogenions, pH and temperature were studied by measurements of polarization characteristics, the pitting potentials and characteristics of pits formed. The results obtained are summarized as follows:
(1) Halogen ions accelerate the anodic dissolution. Especially, Cl−, Br− and I− ions cause pits.
(2) Increase of Cl− ion concentration accelerates the anodic dissolution and shifts the break through potential Vc and the pitting potential Vp in the negative direction.
(3) Upraise of temperature accelerates the pitting dissolution.
(4) Increase of pH values decrease the critical Cl− ion concentration required for the formation of pits.
(5) It was found from relation between number of pits and amount of charge that the following four processes existed in the formation of pits: [I] initiation of pits nuclei, [II] increase of number of pits nuclei, [III] saturation of number of pits nuclei and [IV] growth of pits.
(6) Amount of charge necessary for the first initiation of a pit corresponds to the one that serves to transport the minimum amount of Cl− ions to the alloy surface required for the initiation of a pit nucleus.
(7) r=k·t(b+1)⁄3 was obtained by calculation as the radius of a pit.
(8) The calculated values of the radius of pits agree with the measured ones.
(9) From the discussion on the growth of pits, it was found that in the case of decreasing Cl− ion concentration a few large pits formed, and that in the case of increasing Cl− ion concentration many small pits formed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1543K)
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