巻号一覧
55 巻, 12 号
選択された号の論文の17件中1～17を表示しています
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羽木 秀樹1991 年 55 巻 12 号 p. 1283-1290
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーDiffusion coefficients of hydrogen in fully annealed specimens of pure iron, Fe-(0.46∼5.17 at%)Al, Fe-(0.53∼5.06 at%)Si, Fe-(0.47∼7.67 at%)V, Fe-(0.40∼5.10 at%)Cr, Fe-0.35 at%Mn, Fe-(0.41∼4.79 at%)Co, Fe-(0.98∼5.16 at%)Ni, and Fe-(0.51∼3.35 at%)Mo alloys have been measured by the electrochemical permeation method between 283 and 313 K. The temperature and alloy composition dependence of the diffusion coefficients has been discussed by using simple trapping models. In addition, the strain fields around the substitutional alloying atoms have been examined by measuring the variation of the lattice constant with alloying. The diffusivity of hydrogen is lowered by alloying. This is caused by the hydrogen interstitial sites around the substitutional atoms acting as trapping sites. The diffusion behavior of hydrogen in the alloys is strongly influenced by the elastic interaction between hydrogen and the alloying atoms.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1016K) -
佐藤 章仁, 張 威, 長村 光造1991 年 55 巻 12 号 p. 1291-1297
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe phase diagrams of the Ho-Cu-O ternary Ho-Ba-Cu-O quaternary systems were investigated and a comparison of the phase diagrams of Ho-Ba-Cu-O and Y-Ba-Cu-o was performed. The samples were weighted, mixed and then sintered in natural air or in artificial air (Ar+21%O2), respectively. The phases were determined by the X-ray diffraction method and microstructural observations. Thermal analysis was performed by TG-DTA. The phase diagrams of the Ho-Cu-O system under 10.1, 21.3, 50.7 and 101 kPa were determined and the oxygen partial pressure dependence of reactions was clarified. On the other hand, the isothermal sections of HoO1.5-BaO-CuO at 1173 K under natural air and the artificial air were determined. It is known from these results that the phase diagram of the Ho-Ba-Cu-O system was greatly influenced by the existence of carbon.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1253K) -
徐 洲, 酒井 拓1991 年 55 巻 12 号 p. 1298-1306
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーStatic softening and grain growth after hot deformation were studied by means of interrupted compression tests and metallographic observations for dynamically recrystallized (DRX) as well as dynamically recovered (DRY) copper at temperatures of 723 to 1023 K. The softening curve after DRX consists of three distinct stages with the respective inflection plateaus, followed by incomplete softening (stages I, II and III). The average rate of grain growth in stage III is always smaller than that of normal grain growth after DRV, although both the rates are controlled by grain boundary diffusion. It is concluded that the static restoration process after DRX is strongly affected by the existence of growing DRX grains, which have no potential for classical nucleation and also the role of metadynamic recovery taking place within them. The metadynamically recovered grains, having many-sided irregular shapes as well as high density dislocations, exist stably at high temperature, because their polygonal shape exerts a kind of dragging force on moving new grain boundaries driven by the stored energy.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1546K) -
中山 栄浩, 鷹合 徹也, 木村 真一1991 年 55 巻 12 号 p. 1307-1314
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe generation behavior and macroscopic and microscopic residual stresses, generated and retained in 5083 aluminum alloy plate during the course of cold rolling, were studied mainly by X-ray diffraction procedures. The results obtained were as follows:
(1) X-ray elastic constants measured for the (222) crystal plane were invariable and no effect of the reduction of area on the value was observed. The measured values of the X-ray elastic constants were almost equivalent with those measured mechanically by applying a strain gauge.
(2) According to the estimations by integrated intensity of the diffraction profile at the specimen surface, no clear effect of the reduction of area on the texture was observed.
(3) The macroscopic residual stresses measured for the cold rolled specimen surface along the rolling direction showed both tensile and compressive characteristics and decreased with increasing reduction of area.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1067K) -
石山 成志, 花田 修治1991 年 55 巻 12 号 p. 1315-1321
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーOrientation dependence of twinning in commercially pure titanium was determined under biaxial tensile stress conditions. {10\bar12}, {11\bar21}, {11\bar22} and {11\bar24} twinning occurred in equi-biaxial stretching depending on crystal orientation. Twinning operated only in the orientations where the resolved shear stress on the twin system was directed to the twin direction. Moreover, it was observed that twinning generally occurred on a highly stressed system with a larger Schmid factor for twinning. However, {10\bar12} and {11\bar22} twinning had a tendency to precede {11\bar21} twinning in the orientations where Schmid factors of these twinning systems were comparable. This suggests that {10\bar12} and {11\bar22} twins nucleate more easily than {11\bar21} twins. The planar anisotoropy of deformation twin density, which has been reported in biaxial stretching of commercially pure titanium sheet, is satisfactorily explained by the orientation dependence of both twinning and slip presented in this study.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (912K) -
福山 博之, 加藤 徹, 生津 安章, 藤澤 敏治, 山内 睦文1991 年 55 巻 12 号 p. 1322-1330
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーsolubilities of CO2 and redox ratios of Sb and As (nSb3+/nSb5+, nAs3+/nAs5+, n: the number of moles) in Na2O-Sb2Om and Na2O-As2Om melts were studied. The equilibrium measurements were conducted over the composition range of 1>N>0.7 {=nNa2O/(nNa2O+nM2O5), M: Sb or As} under the partial pressures of CO2 and O2 of 0.01∼0.1 MPa and 0.005∼1000 Pa, respectively, at the temperatures of 1423 and 1523 K.
The results are summarized as follows.
Antimony exists in Na2O-CO2-Sb2Om melts not only in pentavalent (SbO43−) but also in trivalent (SbO2−) state, their relative proportions depending on the experimental conditions. It is, therefore, reasonable to consider that CO2 solubility in the melts is determined by the following reactions:
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\ oindentArsenic exists predominantly in the form of pentavalent anion (AsO43−) in Na2O-CO2-As2Om melts. As the pentavalent arsenic is more stable compared with antimony, the redox reaction of arsenic has almost no effect on the CO2 solubility in the melts. And CO2 solubility is determined by the following reactions only,
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\ oindentHowever, with increasing the content of arsenic oxide in the melts, the evaporation reaction of trivalent arsenic oxide (As4O6),
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\ oindentbecomes significant.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (980K) -
高橋 信夫, 浅野 聡1991 年 55 巻 12 号 p. 1331-1337
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーSolvent extraction of rare earth metal cation was carried out by using Versatic Acid 10 and PC-88A in the presence of additive tri-n-octyl amine. When the extraction reaction of the rare earth metal cation occurs by the acidic extractant, proton is released from molecular of the acidic extractant, and the proton is caught by the tri-n-octyl amine in the organic phase. Under the circumstances pH value of the aqueous phase is not fallen, because the proton is caught in the organic phase and is not discharged into the aqueous phase. Therefore the extraction reaction is continued without addition of alkali such as NaOH, NH3 for correction of falling of the pH value in the aqueous phase.
The batch simulation test for continuous countercurrent multistage extraction of the cerium group cation was carried out by application of this method, and the possibility of mutual separation and purification of Nd and Sm was verified.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (967K) -
高橋 信夫, 浅野 聡1991 年 55 巻 12 号 p. 1338-1344
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーSolvent extraction of rare earth metal cation was carried out by using PC-88A in the presence of additive tri-n-octyl amine added with weak acid.
The weak acid added to the tri-n-octyl amine in advance is required to have the pKa, value which is smaller than that of PC-88A and larger than that of strong acid which is formed with aion of the rare earth salt extracted.
When the rare earth metal cation is extracted with PC-88A in the presence of the additive tri-n-octyl amine added with weak acid which met the above requirements, the strong acid by-produced is added to molecular of the tri-n-octyl amine in the organic phase and the weak acid is discharged into the aqueous phase from the molecular of tri-n-octyl amine. Therefore, the extraction reaction of the rare earth metal cation is carrid out continuously at lower extraction pH than extraction pH which is given when free type tri-n-octyl amine is added into the organic phase.
It is possible to separate and purify the terbium group cation from other rare earth metal cations by application of this method.
The batch simulation test for continuous countercurrent multistage extraction of terbium group cation was carried out by application of this method, and the possibulity of mutual separation and purification of Gd and Tb was verified.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1135K) -
宮沢 薫一, 糸井 一博, 佐久間 健人1991 年 55 巻 12 号 p. 1345-1352
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーAlumina coating of austenitic stainless steel by the sol-get process was examined using an alkoxide of aluminum. The microstructure of the coatings was examined by TEM and EPMA analysis. TEM observation showed that the dried gel of alumina was composed of aluminum hydroxides with a fibrous structure, whose morphology changed remarkably with pH values of coating solutions. The coatings fired at 1173 K in vacuum were composed of fine γ-Al2O3 particles with a grain size of submicrons. The scratch test showed that the adhesiveness of the coatings and the substrates increased by increasing the firing temperature. The γ-Al2O3 coatings worked effective for preventing the oxidation of SUS304 substrates.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4334K) -
奥宮 正洋, 恒川 好樹, 新美 格, 門谷 政幸1991 年 55 巻 12 号 p. 1353-1357
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe influences of the specimen size, treating time and retained methane content in the plasma-carburizing process on the carbon content and microstructures of specimens were studied. Case hardening steel (S15CK) foils with 0.25 mm thickness and low carbon steel foils with 0.06 mm thickness were used as specimens. When plasma-voltage was held constant, the plasma-current increased proportionally to the specimen surface area. Therefore the current density and carbon content could be kept constant. The time to reach the maximum carbon content decreased as the retained methane content increased. With increasing time in plasma-carburizing, the carbon content decreased slightly and a ferrite layer was formed near the surface. These specimens had definite carbon contents respectively regardless of both retained methane and treating time. The definite carbon content in S15CK was 1.1 mass%, and that in low carbon steel was 0.7 mass%. Since the thickness of the ferrite layer was not practically affected by the specimen thickness, the carbon content became lower in low carbon steel than that in S15CK. The decarburized ferrite layer was only observed in the sooted specimens. The potential gradient in the surface layer increased with the soot deposited, and the electrons emitted from the specimens increased. Hence, decarburization would occur due to the discharging of carbon atoms in the surface layer.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (778K) -
菅沼 克昭, 佐々木 元, 藤田 輝昭, 徳勢 允宏1991 年 55 巻 12 号 p. 1358-1367
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリー6061 aluminum alloy matrix composite reinforced with 13 vol% β-phase silicon nitride whisker was fabricated by squeeze casting. The strength up to elevated temperatures and the interfacial microstructure between whiskers and the matrix were examined. As compared with the matrix value, the room temperature strength increased about 20% and the elongation reached about 4%. The strength beyond 300°C was quite good.
The whisker has the [001] axis as the growing axis and a hexagonal cross-section surrounded by six {100} planes. The whisker has a thin layer, a few nm thick, on the surface, which does not show any crystalline phase. This surface layer makes tight binding between the whiskers in the preform.
Although no traces of severe reaction after squeeze casting were recognized, a few nm thick crystalline layers was observed on the (100) plane of the whisker. This reaction layer was determined to be aluminum nitride. The orientation relationship between the whisker and the layer is expressed as follows:
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\ oindentThe bottom faces and the (110) side faces, which did not have clear crystalline layer, showed severer reaction than the (100) side facas. Those two faces of the whisker seem not to have a suitable crystallographic orientation for growing aluminum nitride as the (100) plane. α-silicon nitride particles 1 μm in diameter were also observed in the matrix.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3937K) -
高田 寛, 岡田 健, 古賀 忠, 平林 弘1991 年 55 巻 12 号 p. 1368-1374
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe Young’s modulus of an electroplated nickel, with fine columnar structure, formed from a concentrated sulphamate electrolyte has been investigated using the bending resonance method. X-ray diffraction studies indicated the presence of preferential growth in the electroplated nickel consisting of the {100} plane mainly. With a rolled nickel plate, a preferential growth in the {110} plane was observed. The measurements of Young’s modulus indicated that the Young’s modulus of the electroplated nickel is dependent on crystal growth of preferential deposition. It is concluded that the measured values are remarkably small and are about 60% of the published data.
Furthermore, the influence of low temperature annealing at 280°C on the mechanical characteristics has been examined. The elongation and Young’s modulus of the electroplated nickel increased by the above mentioned heat treatment, and the tensile strength of the same material decreased with the duration of 1-5 h. These tendencies are thought to be attributable to the crystal particle growth which is dependent on hydrogen generated in the crystal lattice during the electrolysis process.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1381K) -
吉村 博文, 木村 欽一, 林 正之, 石井 満男, 高村 仁一1991 年 55 巻 12 号 p. 1375-1381
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーTitanium alloys can be hydrogenated with large amounts of hydrogen and dehydrogenated in vacuum at elevated temperatures. This paper aims at the equiaxed grain refinement of titanium alloys utilizing this phenomenon. Particular attention has been drawn to the control of two different types of dislocation structures introduced by the following treatments:
(1) Precipitation of hydrides: On aging at relatively low temperature after solution treatment of hydrogenated titanium alloys, high density dislocations are introduced in the interior of hydrides and also in the surrounding region.
(2) Martensitic transformation: On cooling from the β-phase or the α+β two phase region of hydrogenated titanium alloys, high density dislocations with uniform distribution are introduced in acicular martensites.
The factor (1) gives rise to the localized dislocation structure which provides with heterogeneous nucleation sites for recrystallization, leading to the grain refinement. The factor (2) causes the subdivision of the, β-phase grain into fine martensite leaves with different variants, in each of which uniformly distributed dislocations of high density are introduced that may serve for the precipitation of hydrides.
The combination of the two factors described above results in the grain refinement of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy containing large amounts of hydrogen, very different from the case simply utilizing the eutectoid trandormation. Specimens thus treated, exhibit ultra-fine equiaxed grains of about 1 μm diameter.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2607K) -
坂井 義和, 井上 廉, 浅野 稔久, 前田 弘1991 年 55 巻 12 号 p. 1382-1391
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーDevelopment of highly conductive materials with high strength is requisite for conductors of high field magnets. To develop such materials, the Cu-Ag alloys (2-60 at%Ag) and their fabrication methods have been investigated. This paper describes the mechanical and electrical properties as well as the microstructure of the drawn wires of the alloys, as functions of Ag concentration and reduction in cross-sectional area (RA), and furthermore the heat-treatment effects on those properties.
The Cu-Ag alloys were prepared by melting electrolytic Cu and pure Ag pellets in an argon atmosphere, and then cold-drawn to a 99.2%RA. The heat treatments were performed several times during the drawing process. The alloys consist of two phases, i. e. Cu solid solution (α-phase) and Ag solid solution (β-phase). These two phases can be drawn down to fine fibers below μm in diameter. The relationship between the tensile strength and the fiber diameter follows the Hall-Petch formula. The optimum combination of the high strength and the high electrical conductivity were obtained, by cold-drawing the alloy with intermediate heat treatments at 350-450°C for 1-2 h. On the other hand, heat treatments prior to the drawing process scarcely influence on those properties. The heat-treated Cu-16 at%Ag composite of 99%RA showed the ultimate tensile strength of 1000 MPa and the electrical conductivity of 80%IACS, at room temperature.
Since the Cu-Ag alloys fabricated by the present method have higher values of both tensile strength and conductivity than those of Cu-Nb and other Cu-based alloys, they would become the most promising conductor materials for the high field magnets.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2501K) -
中島 正三郎, 高嶋 邦秀, 原勢 二郎, 黒木 克郎1991 年 55 巻 12 号 p. 1392-1399
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーA study was made on the effect of Sn addition on the secondary recrystallization of the thin grain-oriented electrical steel sheet. The electrical steel used in this study contains MnS and AIN as inhibitors. The hot bands with a thickness of 2.5 mm were processed by the single-stage cold rolling process. The following results were obtained.
(1) There is a tendency that the decrease of the thickness of the product leads to the difficulty of secondary recrystallization. This is considered to be attributed to the decrease of the amount of Goss nuclei in the primarily recrystallized texture with increasing reduction in cold rolling.
(2) Sn addition makes the secondary recrystallization of the thin product easier and consequently enables to fabricate the thin product with excellent magnetic properties, especially with low core loss. This is considered to be attributed to the following three phenomena by Sn addition.
(a) The decrease of the average grain size of the primarily recrystallized structure. (b) The increase of the amount of Goss nuclei and the increase of the product of the intensity of Goss orientation and that of Σ9 coincident orientation with Goss orientation in the primarily recrystallized texture. (c) The increase of the effect of inhibition.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2703K) -
中島 正三郎, 高嶋 邦秀, 原勢 二郎, 武政 明雄, 滝本 憲一1991 年 55 巻 12 号 p. 1400-1409
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーA study was made on the effect of Sn addition on the structure and primary recrystallization texture of 3 mass%Si steel containing no inhibitors, which was processed by the single-stage cold rolling process. The following conclusions were obtained.
(1) Sn addition decreases the size of primarily recrystallized grains and increases {110} density and the product of density of {110} and that of {111} in the primarily recrystallized texture. Consequently, it is considered that Sn addition has the effect of making secondary recrystallization easier and decreasing the size of secondarily recrystallized grains.
(2) Sn addition increases the size of ferritic grains in the annealed hot-band, decreases the size of precipitates of carbides and uniforms the dispersion of them. In addition, the starting temperature of recrystallization after cold rolling shifts to the higher side. Sn is considered to segregate on grain boundaries in each stage from hot rolling to heating stage of final annealing. It is considered that these phenomena are related to a decrease of the size of primarily recrystallized grains and an increase of the {110} density in the primarily recrystallized texture.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2466K) -
比内 正勝, 沢谷 昭八, 増本 量1991 年 55 巻 12 号 p. 1410-1414
発行日: 1991年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe effects of Nb and Si on the internal friction, coercive force, and mechanical properties of Ni-25 mass%Co-Nb-Si alloys have been investigated when either furnace-cooled or water-quenched after heating at 1273 K for 7.2 ks. The measurements of internal friction, hysteresis loop and mechanical properties were carried out by an inverted torsion pendulum method, an automatic recording fluxmeter and an Instron tensile testing machine.
As the shear strain amplitude increases, the internal friction of these alloys first grows larger and reaches a maximum. Therefore, the maximum internal friction and the shear strain amplitude were defined as Qmax−1 and γc. The alloys containing no Nb showed the highest value of Qmax−1 at 3 mass%Si on furnace cooling and at 4 mass%Si on water quenching, respectively. The alloys containing 1 mass%Nb showed the highest value of Qmax−1, at 2 mass%Si on both cooling procedures. The γc, gradually lowered with decreasing Si concentration in these alloys. The alloys containing 3 mass%Nb were highest in Qmax−1 and lowest in γc at 2 mass%Si on both cooling procedures. The Qmax−1 alloys containing 5 mass%Nb was highest at 1 mass%Si on furnace cooling and lowest at 2 mass%Si on both cooling procedures.
The coercive force Hc, also varied with Si concentration much like γc: both Hc, and γc, were small when Qmax−1 was large. This indicates a close relationship between the damping capacity and magnetoelastic properties of the alloys. Both tensile strength and yield strength rose with increasing Nb and Si concentrations. Elongation was independent of Si concentration and remained nearly constant.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (552K)
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