巻号一覧
40 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の16件中1～16を表示しています
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遠藤 一哉, 森岡 恭昭, 伊藤 俊治1976 年 40 巻 2 号 p. 105-111
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーIn the manufacturing process for obtaining reduced iron powder from mill-scale of rimmed steel strips, the production of iron powder is strictly controlled by the pre-reduction process of the packed mill-scale bed by coke. Consequently, for the increase of this product, the fundamental knowledge of a reduction mechanism of the packed bed has to be reviewed.
In this paper, time dependences of fractional reduction R for a packed columnar iron oxide bed at 1100°C were measured for various kinds of iron oxides with various particle sizes, using several reducing agents different in reactivity. Then, these results were analyzed by applying an unreacted core model.
The results obtained are as follows:
(1) An unreacted core model is applicable to the reduction mechanism analysis.
(2) The reactivity of a solid reducing agent has a considerable effect on R. The reactivity above about 20 vol% (critical value) is necessary for an increase of the reduction rate.
(3) When a reducing agent with a reactivity above this critical value is used, for the reduction of −80# mill-scale, both R and apparent density of the reduced sponge iron increase with decreasing mill-scale particle size. Below this critical value, on the other hand, the particle size dependences of both R and this apparent density are entirely reversed. However, for the reduction of +80# mill-scale, those dependences are not recognized at any reactivity values.
(4) The reduction of a packed ore bed containing much Fe2O3 is mainly controlled by an interfacial reaction. On the other hand, the reduction of a packed mill-scale bed containing much FeO is controlled both by a diffusion of CO gas through sponge iron and by an interfacial reaction.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (523K) -
小幡 充男, 島田 平八1976 年 40 巻 2 号 p. 112-117
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe grain boundary sliding and the deformation in the vicinity of the grain boundary were studied at a high temperature by the moiré method instead of using a markerline and a dial gage extensometer.
Pure aluminum (99.99 wt%) bicrystals with the grain boundaries oriented at an angle (θ) of 30°, 45°, or 60° to the tensile axis were deformed in air under a constant load. The initial tensile stress was 75 g/mm2 and the testing temperature were 350, 400 and 450°C.
The optical system of the image moiré method was improved by the authors. According to the improved system, two families of moiré fringe patterns were separated by a beam spliter and imaged on independent screens. The density of reference and thermostable specimen gratings was 1000 lines/inch.
The deformation in the vicinity of the grain boundary was measured by observing the deformation of specimen grating.
The main results obtained are summarized as follows:
(1) The distribution of the grain boundary sliding and the overall deformation of specimens were measured successfully by the thermostable moiré method at a high temperature under load.
(2) The effect of θ on the grain boundary sliding behavior was investigated. At θ=60°, the most uniform sliding distribution and the maximum initial rate of sliding are measured.
(3) The deformation mode in the vicinity of the grain boundary is different from that of the other region far from the grain boundary. In the region of grain boundary migration, the normal strain is very large and the rotation with small shear strain is observed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (635K) -
西村 六郎, 工藤 清勝, 佐藤 教男1976 年 40 巻 2 号 p. 118-124
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe composition of anodic passive film on iron in a neutral borate-buffer solution at pH 8.42 has been studied as a function of potentials ranging from passivation to transpassivation by using ellipsometric and electrochemical techniques.
Ellipsometric measurements reveal that there are three different potential regions with respect to the ΔP-ΔA relationship, i.e. a region more cathodic to +0.245 V (S.H.E.) (region I), a region from +0.245 V (S.H.E.) to the oxygen evolution potential (region II) and a region of transpassivity (region III). It is also found that the anodic passive film consists of a barrier layer and a deposit layer.
The barrier layer thickness increases linearly with the passivating potential in region I and region II, whereas it appears independent of anodic potential in region III. The deposit layer thickness is affected to some extent by the anodic potential.
The film dissolution measurements by means of cathoedic reduction in a solution of pH 6.48 at constant current indicate that the film formed in region I includes Fe2+ ions in both the barrier layer and the deposit layer, while the film formed in region II includes no Fe2+ ions in both layers. The film formed in region III contains no Fe2+ ions in the deposit layer but it contains Fe2+ ions in the barrier layer. Furthermore, there is a layer of concentrated Fe2+ ions at the interface between the barrier layer and the deposit layer in the film formed at potentials more cathodic to +0.8 V (S.H.E.), whereas a depletion layer of iron ions is formed at the barrier/deposit interface at potentials more anodic to +0.8 V (S.H.E.).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (575K) -
大塚 俊明, 工藤 清勝, 佐藤 教男1976 年 40 巻 2 号 p. 124-132
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe thickness and layer structure of the passive film formed on cobalt by potentiostatic oxidation in a borate-buffer solution of pH 8.42 have been studied by ellipsometry, electrochemical techniques and chemical analysis. The primary passive film is formed in a potential region from −0.05 to +0.37 V (vs SHE) where the steady dissolution current of cobalt is about 2 μA/cm2 almost independent of the potential. This film is composed of CoO with the complex refractive index N=2.3−0.1i and the thickness which increases from 20 to 25 Å with rising potential. The secondary passive film is formed at potentials more positive than 0.4 V, where the steady dissolution current is less than 0.1 μA/cm2. It consists of an inner layer of CoO with the refractive index N=2.3−(0.1∼0.3)i and an outer layer of oxide of either Co3O4 or Co2O3. Transition from Co3O4 to Co2O3 occurs in a potential region from 0.72 V to 0.95 V. The refractive index of the outer layer was estimated as N=3.2−0.5i for Co3O4 and N=3.2−0.95i for Co2O3. The thickness of the outer layer increases almost linearly with the potential up to 37 Å at +1.15 V and remains constant in a potential region more positive than +1.15 V, where the transpassive dissolution occurs. The inner layer of CoO also increases with potential but has a maximum thickness of about 40 Å at +0.8 V around which the transition from Co3O4 to Co2O3 occurs.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (740K) -
増本 量, 渡辺 清1976 年 40 巻 2 号 p. 133-135
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーCrystal structures and magnetic properties of Pt1−xAuxMnSb compounds have been investigated with a X-ray diffractometer and a magnetic balance, respectively.
It has been found that the lattice parameter of the pseudo-ternary compounds increases with increasing Au concentration. Magnetic moment per Mn atom of these compounds has a maximum value of 4.30μB at x=0.6. It is assumed from the results of Curie temperature measurements that the magnetic interaction in Pt1−xAuxMnSb is closely related to the concentration of valence electrons rather than the lattice parameter.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (230K) -
増本 量, 比内 正勝, 村上 雄悦1976 年 40 巻 2 号 p. 136-139
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーNi-Fe-Nb-Mo alloys were heated in hydrogen atmosphere at 1150°C for 3 hr and then cooled at various rates from a temperature above the order-disorder transformation points. The highest initial permeability of 103000 are obtained with the alloy of 80.12%Ni, 11.42%Fe, 6.92%Nb, and 1.54%Mo when cooled at the rate of 50°C/hr, and the highest maximum permeability of 434000 with the alloy of 80.19%Ni, 10.71%Fe, 8.10%Nb and 1.00%Mo when cooled at 70°C/hr. The alloy with the highest initial permeability exhibited an electrical resistivity of 75.3μΩ-cm and 199 Vickers hardness. The high permeability Ni-Fe-Nb-Mo alloys showed very low values of saturation magnetostriction constant.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (309K) -
丸野 重雄, 伊奈 功一1976 年 40 巻 2 号 p. 140-147
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーQuantitative analysis of samples in the system Al-Cu alloy in which the alloying elements were distributed homogeneously or heterogeneously was carried out.
The theoretical correction curves calculated from reported values of different mass absorption coefficients (μ) and Lenard constans (σ) by using an equation given by Philibert for the absorption correction term are compared with experimental data obtained from the homogeneous samples such as evaporated films and single phase intermetallic compounds. It has been found that maxima differences in the corrected values of μ and σ are about 10 and 5 wt%, respectively, and also that the corrected values calculated with the values given by Bucklow and Heinrich for μ and σ, respectively, are in close agreement with the experimental results.
Application of the theoretical equation for the correction of intensities in the homogeneous system to heterogeneous alloys (phase-separated) was investigated experimentally. An effective procedure for determining the average composition of heterogeneous samples within a certain error in measurement has been shown by using parameter “Rd” which was obtained on the basis of a model considered with the texture and the difference of concentration of alloying elements between the phases of sample in the irradiated area of electron beam. The relation between the standard deviation of the concentration calculated from the X-ray intensity and the Rd parameter can be widely applied to practical quantitative analyses of all binary alloys.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (828K) -
芝田 隼次, 西村 山治, 向井 滋1976 年 40 巻 2 号 p. 147-153
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe extraction of Zn and Cd from ammoniacal solution with D2EHPA and Versatic Acid 911 diluted in benzene was studied and the effect of ammonia on these extractions was clarified. The extraction of these metals with D2EHPA is not affected by ammonia, while the extraction with Versatic Acid 911 is considerably hindered. This is also recognized from the consideration by the average ligand number of metal ammine complex. The theoretical values obtained on the hypothesis that the metal ammine complex is not extracted into the organic phase are in good accord with the experimental results of Zn extraction. But there is a difference between the theoretical and experimental values of Cd extraction. The addition of p-nonyl phenol to the organic phase raises the extraction of these metals, especially in the pH region where the extraction is hindred by the formation of the metal ammine complex. The separation of Cd from a binary solution of Zn and Cd was tried and it was confirmed that the extraction under the optimum pH and ammonia concentration, and the scrubbing of the extract with Cd solution are required.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (538K) -
財満 鎮雄, 高辻 雄三, 能登谷 久公, 伊藤 年秀1976 年 40 巻 2 号 p. 154-162
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーDuring the cutting operation, the authors observed the deposits of the tool face and flank by an X-ray microanalyzer and the like on the aluminium-silicon casting alloys which showed comparatively severe tool wear, generated much tool deposit and were difficult to obtain good finished surfaces among aluminium alloys, and then searched for the relationship of tool wear to deposit formation. Cutting specimens are F-material which are cast metallic mold and T6 treatment material after casting of AC4B (Copper silumin) and AC8A (Lo-ex), and the tests consist of dry cutting with fhe sintered carbide (P20) and high speed steel (SKH4) tools. The results obtained are as follows.
Flank deposits are divided into the stratum type and the ribbon type which is followed by rapid growth. The stratum type deposit is formed with flank wear as its basis and adhere rigidly to the tool flank 2 to 4 times greater than the flank wear width. The ribbon type deposit grows rapidly as the cutting time elapses at a speed faster than the cutting speed at which the built-up edge disappears, and the faster the cutting speed the more remarkable the growth of the ribbon type deposit. In this deposit T6-material generates earlier than F-material, but it is easier to generate F-material in terms of flank wear width. The flank deposits are divided into the stratum type part containing a large a mount of Al, the part with piled-up Si, Mg, Ni, etc. and the part to which Al seems to have readhered. On the other hand, the tool face deposit protects rake face as a comparatively thick stratum for a low cutting speed, but for a high cutting speed, adhesion wear advances and at that time Si particles may play an important role in the advance of wear.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1417K) -
野村 茂雄, 長谷川 正義1976 年 40 巻 2 号 p. 162-167
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーBehavior of Fe-N alloys containing 66∼402 ppm of nitrogen under hydrogen (380°C, 200 atm) was studied by the tensile test, SEM-fractography and mass-spectroscopy. The results obtained were as follows:
(1) With increasing nitrogen content in Fe-N alloys, degradation of the tensile properties was observed at the earlier stage of holding time in hydrogen. This damage showed no recovery with a dehydrogen treatment in vacuum.
(2) The damage was accelerated with a precipitation of iron nitride, but not observed in the alloy in which nitrogen was stabilized by chromium.
(3) Many spherical voids like gas-bubble were observed at the grain boundary in hydrogen damaged Fe-N alloys.
(4) In hydrogen damaged alloys, a removal of nitrogen was observed remarkably and NH3 and H2 were detected in residual gas extracted at the intergranular brittle fracture surface. It was concluded from above results that the damage in Fe-N alloys was analogous to “hydrogen attack” in Fe-C alloys.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (959K) -
高杉 隆幸, 和泉 修1976 年 40 巻 2 号 p. 167-174
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe effects of diffusion-annealing on the deformation of aluminium single crystals coated with Zn, Ag, and Cu films were studied by the tensile test, X-ray analysis and surface marking observation. After annealing, the Zn-coated specimens consist of a solid solution phase, while the Ag- and Cu-coated specimens consist of intermetallic compound phases at the surface layers.
In the former specimens, the following results are obtained:
(1) The yield stress of the specimens diffusion-annealed at 375°C initially decreases abruptly, then gradually approaches the yield stress of the uncoated specimen as the diffusion-annealing time increases.
(2) The yield stresses of the diffusion-annealed specimens are closely related to the concentration distributions at the surface layers which cause an image force effect against moving dislocations.
In the latter specimens, the following results are summarized.
(1) By diffusion-annealing at 530°C, both the specimens coated with 2.0μ Cu and Ag show marked increases in yield and flow stresses. The degree of such a strengthening is higher in the former than in the latter. A longer diffusion-annealing induces the breakdown in the strength.
(2) It is concluded that the surface strengthening by diffusion-annealing in these specimens is caused by the formation of intermetallic compounds at the surface layer. Such a intermetallic compound layer seems to act as the resistance to deformation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1170K) -
丸山 孝道, 佐藤 謙一, 横田 稔1976 年 40 巻 2 号 p. 175-180
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe magnetic susceptibilities of Cu-Cr alloys containing 0.122 and 0.244 at% Cr were measured at room temperature. The Cu-Cr alloys were solution-treated at 950°C for 2 hr, quenched into water and cold-drawn into wires of 0.5 mmφ. The wires were aged for 2 hr over at a temperature range 400°C to 700°C. The pure Cu wires were prepared by the same prccess.
The amount of dissolved Cr in Cu of each specimen was determined from the difference between electrical resistivities of the alloy and Cu at 4.2 K.
The change in magnetic susceptibility of Cu-Cr alloys by aging can be explained by the change in the amount of dissolved Cr. The magnetic susceptibility at room temperature was estimated from the simple sum of the susceptibilities of dissolved Cr and precipitated Cr. The results agreed well with the measured values. The effective Bohr magneton value and the Weiss temperature of dissolved Cr in Cu were determined as 3.6 and −8 K, respectively, by using the Curie-Weiss law.
A practically important alloy which has very low magnetic susceptibility (≈−3×10−8 emu/g) and high conductivity (90% IACS) was found in these Cu-Cr alloys aged at 700°C for 2 hr.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (467K) -
前田 弘, 土方 政行, 北原 繁, 森本 一郎1976 年 40 巻 2 号 p. 180-186
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーPlasma jet spray deposition was applied to the preparation of a few spinel type ferrite films, such as Mn-Zn, Mg-Zn, Mn-Mg ferrite, on alumina substrates. The optimum deposition conditions were studied under which the films as deposited agree with bulk material in properties, and were also studied on the diciding microsturctural factor affecting magnetic properties of the films. The results obtained are summarized as follows.
The properties of films depend largely on the substrate temperature during deposition and little on the spraying conditions such as the operating current, the deposition period, and the distance between a plasma jet torch nozzle and substrate. In the films deposited on a non-heated substrate, a large amount of a Wüstite structure phase ((Fe Mg)O, FeO) exists, and so the saturation magnetization is considerably smaller than bulk values. Annealing in oxygen atmosphere at 900°C results in a perfect recovery from both these structural and magnetic faults. While coercive force, HC, decreases rapidly to about 20 Oe, as the annealing temperature rises above 900°C.
On the other hand, in the films deposited on a heated substrate, HC decreases almost linearly with rise in substrate temperature and reaches a value of 1.5 Oe above 1200°C, which is much small compared with that in the case of annealing. Therefore, it is advisable to heat the substrate at about 1200°C in order to get almost the same magnetic properties of the film as deposited as those of bulk materials.
The roughness of film surface also shows the same tendency as HC. No difference between films and bulk materials is recognized in the other microstructural properties. Namely, the diciding microstructural factor affecting the magnetic properties is smoothness of the film surface which is achieved only by heating substrates during deposition.
In the case of ferrite including zinc, a large amount of zinc content volatilizes during deposition.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1092K) -
北田 杲三, 宮下 文彬, 宮谷 義六, 三宅 敏夫, 松岡 山彦, 上山 純生1976 年 40 巻 2 号 p. 187-192
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーCarbothermic reduction chromium oxide to metallic chromium was carried out in a high vacuum of 1×10−2∼10−3 mmHg at temperatures ranging from 1100 to 1400°C.
Mixture of 1 mole of chromium oxide and 3 moles of graphite was briquetted and reduced under above-mentioned conditions.
The experimental results were summarized as follows:
(1) The reaction starte at 950 to 970°C.
(2) At reaction temperatures of below 1100°C, the predominant reactions were chromium carbides formation. Metallic chromium cannot be almost detected in reaction product.
(3) At reaction temperatures of 1200 to 1300°C, metallic chromium was formed by reduction of chromium oxide by chromium carbides.
(4) At reaction temperature of 1300°C and reaction time of 3 hr, the reducing rate of chromium oxide to metallic chromium reached 75∼76%.
(5) At reaction temperature of 1300°C and reaction time of above 3 hr, vaporization of metallic chromium was detected.
(6) At reaction temperatures 1300 to 1400°C, vapolization rate of metallic chromium was higher than CO gas formation rate.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (455K) -
斎藤 英夫, 若岡 邦男, 深道 和明1976 年 40 巻 2 号 p. 193-196
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーInvar and Elinvar alloys have wide applications of electromagnetic and precision instrumentation engineering. Elinvar alloys are often used for delay lines.
We have studied the propagation characteristics of ultrasonic waves in an antiferromagnetic Cr-Fe-Mn Invar alloy which has also the Elinvar characteristics. The results show that both the temperature coefficient of the delay time and the attenuation coefficient of ultrasonic waves in the alloy are very small showing excellent propagation characteristics and sufficient responses of output can be obtained oven at the input of 20 MHz.
The mean value of the grain size of the alloy is 60.8 μ, and an intermediate scattering of ultrasonic waves between the Rayleigh scattering and the stochastic scattering occurs.
Mechanical working of the alloy such as grinding, polishing and lathing can relatively easily be done.
From the above-mentioned results, it is concluded that the antiferromagnetic Cr-Fe-Mn Invar alloy is an excellent delay medium for the propagation of ultrasonic waves.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (327K) -
佐々木 幹夫, 丸川 健三郎1976 年 40 巻 2 号 p. 197-200
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーEtching solutions which can develop etch pits at dislocations in high purity magnesium single crystals have been found. One solution (solution A) which is composed of 10 g of ammonium nitrate and 50 cc of water produces etch pits for both aged and fresh dislocations, while another solution (solution B) which consists of 10 g of ammonium chloride and 50 cc of water makes etch pits only for aged dislocations. Both the solutions A and B have been found applicable for any of (0001), {10\bar10}, and {11\bar20} surfaces of the crystals.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1105K)
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