巻号一覧
35 巻, 5 号
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下尾 聰夫, 木村 弘, 河合 正雄1971 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 417-422
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーSolubilities of nitrogen and carbon in molten CaO-Al2O3 slags were measured to discuss the form of nitrogen. Samples were melted in graphite crucibles and N2-CO gas mixtures were equilibrated with nitrogen and carbon in molten slags. The results obtained are summarized as follows:
(1) It is considered that in the presence of graphite, nitrogen and carbon dissolve in molten slag electrochemically.
(2) The solubilities of nitrogen and carbon decrease with decreasing PN2.
(3) The temperature dependences of solubilities of nitrogen and carbon are represented as follows: log(wt%N)=−23300⁄T+12.9, log(wt%C)=−14000⁄T+0.17(50 wt%CaO-50 wt%Al2O3, PN2=0.92).
(4) The carbon content increases in proportion to the CaO content in the CaO-Al2O3 binary system, while the maximum content of nitrogen was obtained at the composition with nearly 50 wt%CaO.
(5) The correlation was observed between nitrogen and carbon contents in molten slags.
(6) Nitrogen in the CaO-Al2O3 melt exists as CN− and N3− annions, although it remains unclear whether CN22− annion exists in the melt or not.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1737K) -
横山 亨, 佐藤 顕二1971 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 422-426
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーIn the specific heat versus temperature curve of the superlattice alloy Cu3Au, an anomaly at about 320°C has been observed, in addition to the order-disorder transformation at 390°C. To explain the cause of this anomalous phenomenon, we applied the same procedure as employed in FeCo alloy and studied the disordering process in Cu3Au alloy, i.e., the time of relaxation and the change of electrical resistivity were measured. The change in resistivity as a function of the temperature at a constant rate of heating was also obtained by applying Bragg-Williams’ equation of the rate of approach to the equilibrium state. It was found that the cause of the 320°C change of Cu3Au alloy is the high heating rate in comparison with the diffusion rate, being the same as in the case of FeCo alloy.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1571K) -
遠藤 孝雄, 野村 俊雄, 圓城 敏男, 足立 正雄1971 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 427-434
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe flow stress and strain rate sensitivity of Al-Zn solid solution alloys were measured in the range of temperature from 400° to 550°C and of strain rate from 10−5 to 10−2/sec. When the strain exceeds about 10%, the deformation proceeds at a constant stress until the onset of necking. This type of steady state creep deformation is expressed in the form of \dotεs=Aσnexp(−Q⁄kT), where \dotεs is the steady state creep rate, σ the applied stress, n the stress exponent (∼4.5), Q the apparent activation energy for creep (∼1.57 eV). The increment in short-range stress with a dislocation velocity change was measured by a strain rate change during the steady state creep. The results of strain rate sensitivity measurements indicate that the dislocation velocity varies as a power of effective stress. The ratio of short-range stress to creep stress was estimated at about 0.3 from the strain rate sensitivity. These results favour that the rate controlling mechanism of the creep deformation is a non-conservative motion of screw dislocations with a large number of intersection jog.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2627K) -
鈴木 寿, 菅野 幹宏1971 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 434-439
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーAs the Cu-Cr alloy is known to be very quench-sensitive, the isothermal transformation curve has been studied by other investigators. In this report, experiments to confirm the shape of the curve (having two noses) were carried out. The reason why the curve shows two noses was also investigated on the basis of observations of transmission electron micrographs of the aged structures.
Results obtained were as follows: (1) A remarkable heterogeneous precipitation was observed on dislocation lines and on grain boundaries when the alloy was aged directly at high temperatures. (2) The two noses at high and low temperatures in the T-T-T curve were confirmed to be due to heterogeneous and homogeneous precipitations at those temperatures, respectively. (3) However, when the alloy was quenched and normally aged, the pseudo T-T-T curve was of the ordinary C type. This was probably due to the homogeneous precipitation caused by the stabilization of vacancy clusters. (4) Generally, in the alloys of simple and homogeneous precipitation types, the T-T-T curves were considered to show two or more noses contrary to the single nose as expected.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1902K) -
丸野 重雄, 山田 敏夫, 野田 三喜男, 増井 寛二1971 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 440-447
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーNickel-Al2O3 alloys were electrodeposited from a nickel-electrolyte containing fine alumina particles suspended in solution by air and mechanical agitations. The uniform dispersion of alumina in the deposit was examined with an electron probe microanalyzer and the concentration of alumina in the alloys was determined by means of colorimetry.
The effect of dispersion-strengthening was retained up to high temperatures such as about 1400°C and increased with the increase in the volume fraction of alumina particles. The recrystallization and grain growth of the matrix in the range of higher temperatures were remarkably retarded as compared with those of pure nickel. It was directly observed with a scanning electron microscope that the aggregation of alumina particles began at about 800°C and the crystal growth of α-alumina and the dimple structure of the matrix became conspicuous above 1300°C. Furthermore, the aggregating mechanism of the dispersed alumina was deduced from these results. There was a linear relation between micro-Vickers hardness and the reciprocal of interparticle spacing. The relation between hardness and yield strength of the alloys was also discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2268K) -
平山 俊成1971 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 447-455
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe present investigation was carried out to clarify the influence of cold reduction on the martensitic transformation of Fe-Cr-Ni stainless steel, and also to investigate the relation between some mechanical properties and cold reduction. The specimens were prepared from Fe-Cr-Ni stainless steel with various Ni equivalents, cold rolled by different reductions. Then, the saturation flux densities of these specimens were measured to estimate the amount of martensite. Furthermore, Federbiege Grenze and elongation were measured.
The results obtained are summarized as follows:
(1) In regard to martensitic transformation of Fe-Cr-Ni stainless steel, the chemical composition and cold reduction are substitutional with each other in terms of equivalency, and they are expressed universally by a modified Ni equivalent in consideration of the degree of cold reduction.
(2) During the cold working of Fe-Cr-Ni stainless steel with unstable austenite, the substantial strain of retained austenite is considerably smaller than that estimated from the ordinary reduction and it is considered that the applied stress due to cold working is also low on account of the occurrence of transformation-induced plasticity accompanied by the generation of strain-induced martensite. Therefore, the work done by transformation strain induced by the applied stress due to cold working becomes low, so that the influence of cold reduction on the progress of transformation is considerably smaller than that on the onset of transformation at which transformation-induced plasticity has not yet occurred.
(3) When Federbiege Grenze is modified according to a simple work hardening and the occurrence of transformation with increase of strength is adjusted by the application of a modified Ni equivalent, the relation between modified Federbiege Grenze and the modified Ni equivalent is represented by one curve.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2854K) -
平山 俊成, 小切間 正彦1971 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 455-462
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーIn order to improve both Federbiege Grenze and formability of Fe-Cr-Ni stainless steel for spring, the influence of Nb and Al additions on the mechanical properties and on the amount of generated martensite of 17-7 stainless steel were investigated. Furthermore, the influence of Nb additions on the martensitic transformation in Fe-Cr-Ni stainless steel were also studied. Hardness, tensile strength, Federbiege Grenze, Young’s modulus, elongation and bendability were measured as mechanical properties, and the amount of generated martensite was estimated by means of the saturation flux density measurement. The Nb content was 0.1∼1.9 wt% in simple additions and about 1 wt% in complex additions with Al. The amounts of Al additions were 0.4∼1.4 wt%.
The results obtained are summarized as follws:
(1) By the addition about 1 wt%Nb to 17-7 stainless steel containing 0.4 wt%Al or more, the formability before age-hardening is remarkably improved and the W type bending radius becomes less than 1.2 times as large as the specimen thickness, and Federbiege Grenze after age-hardening considerably increase to about 180 kg/mm2. The effect of Nb additions seems to appear in specimens containing only 0.3%Nb.
(2) By the addition of about 1%Nb, athermal martensite easily generates because of the substantial decrease of the Ni equivalent due to the fixing of most solute carbon atoms and the resulting decrease of flow stress. On the other hand, the gap between Ni equivalents of chemical compositions appropriate for the generation of athermal martensite and for the generation of strain-induced martensite is lessened.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2787K) -
川勝 一郎, 大沢 直1971 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 463-469
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーA basic investigation on atmosphere soldering have been carried out to study the wettabilities of liquid tin and activated tin alloys, containing a small amount of Li, Na and P, on copper-based alloys coated with uniform oxide film Cu2O. The results obtained are as follows:
(1) The wettabilities of liquid tin on copper are affected by the interfacial tension, depending on the amout of copper dissolved in liquid tin; the wettabilitiy increased with the decrease of the interfacial tension, which should be smallest at 0.6%Cu content.
(2) The spreading tests of liquid tin and the activated tin alloys on the oxidized copper can successfully be carried out using a reaction furnace which keeps the oxygen partial pressure in its atmosphere above the decomposition pressure of Cu2O to prevent the oxide films from decomposing.
(3) The spreading areas of liquid tin decrease owing to the presence of the oxide films. The spreading area on the oxidized copper plate with 600 Å Cu2O film was approximately 50% of that on the pure copper at 340°C.
(4) On the oxidized copper plates, the rate of spreading depends on the reducing oxide films and so the activated tin alloys containing Li, Na and P as an additional element show better wettabilities, and the effect of P addition is especially remarkable.
(5) At low temperatures the activated tin alloys are superior in the spreading limit, where the contact angle of liquid is 90°, to pure tin. On the contrary, at high temperatures these alloys are rather inferior except P containing tin alloys.
(6) There is a little difference between the surface tension of liquid tin and that of activated tin alloys, and the surface tension decreases with increasing temperature in the form of dγ⁄dT=−0.2 dyne/cm·deg.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1807K) -
武沢 和義, 佐藤 進一1971 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 469-475
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe structural change of the quenched β-brass (39.4∼40.5 wt%Zn) during isothermal heat-treatments over the temperature range of 180°∼260°C was investigated by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. It was observed that the crystallographic natures, i.e. the crystal structure, the crystal habit and the orientation-relationship of the transformation products, were the same as those of the martensite previously investigated. In addition to its martensitic nature, this transformation possesses a diffusion-controlled character. This was confirmed by continuous observations of the specimen on heating in an electron microscope. Peak shifts of the X-ray diffraction lines also illustrated the diffusion of zinc atoms from the product to the matrix. It is concluded that the product configurations can be called the bainites which transformed by a mechanism similar to that in the carbon steel.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2386K) -
山田 正明, 清水 俊夫, 田中 一英1971 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 476-480
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーRecovery of dislocations introduced by room temperature deformation in 99.99% pure Al and Al-(0.1∼3 wt%)Cu alloys has been investigated by means of resistivity measurement and X-ray diffraction technique. Isochronal annealing curves of resistivity of Al-Cu alloys of low Cu concentration (\lesssim0.3%Cu) appear to consist of, roughly, three stages, i.e., 1 (room temperature∼140°C), 2 (140°∼280°C) and 3 (280°∼340°C), respectively. In pure Al, the separation of stages 2 and 3 is not very clear. At a higher Cu concentration, these stages are almost masked by a remarkable contribution of the precipitation of Cu to the resistivity. Annealing of the half-breadth of the (220) diffraction line shows the recovery stages quite similar to those of resistivity stated above irrespective of the Cu concentration, though the amount of the overall recovery depends greatly on the concentration. The dislocation density estimated from the resistivity and the half-breadth independently increases with the Cu concentration from ∼1010/cm2 for pure Al to ∼1011/cm2 for 3%Cu after 80∼85% deformation. Stages 1, 2 and 3 may be attributed to dislocation rearrangement, subgrain-coalescence (or subgrain-grouping) and recrystallization, respectively.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1774K) -
橋本 雍彦1971 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 480-486
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーExtractive electrolysis in a fused NaCl-KF-K2TiFx bath at 850°C using anode material of (δ)-Ti-C-O (C=7.36%, O=16.6%) was carried out at anodic potentials ranging from +780 to +1800 mV(vs.Ti). From the experimental results, the process of extraction as a whole was considered as
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where n=1,2,3,…,∞, increases with anodic potential.
But lower oxides of n=1∼3 thus formed do not remain in the residues because of the comparatively high solubilities to the bath, so the residues contain only higher oxides such as TiO2, Ti5O9 or Ti6O11, and decomposed free carbon.
When the anodic potential is sufficiently high (about +1800 mV vs.Ti), extraction accompanied by gas evolution can also proceed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1430K) -
橋本 雍彦1971 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 487-493
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーSome properties of soluble anodes were investigated with the following materials:
(1) Sintered TiC granules prepared by vacuum carburization from mixtures of TiO2 and C with various mixing agents.
(2) Granules prepared from TiC powders bound by coal tar and pitch.
(3) Vacuum-reduced and sintered highly carbon containing δ-Ti-C-O solid solution.
The characteristics of the mixing agent affected greatly the efficiency of anodic extraction. (1) was the best of all as the anodic material, and a good result was obtained when a mixing agent of high coking ability and high fixed carbon (e.g.pitch) was used. Both (2) and (3) were unsuitable as anode materials, because (2) gave a poor efficiency of extraction and (3) showed sludging.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1916K) -
佐藤 史郎, 永田 公二1971 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 493-499
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーIn the previous papers, the effects of tensile stress, grain size and annealing conditions on the embrittlement of α brass during annealing were investigated, and the phenomena were explained by the same mechanism proposed for the cavitation fracture in creep deformation. This paper deals with the effect of cold work on the embrittlement of α brass.
The results obtained were as follows:
(1) The susceptibility to the formation of voids which causes embrittlement or cracks during annealing is markedly affected by the degree of reduction by cold working. Namely, the alloys of medium cold reduction (30∼50%) are most susceptive to cracks, while the alloys of slight or non-cold reduction (0∼10%) have little susceptibility to the embrittlement. On the other hand, the alloys of heavy cold reduction (70∼90%) are free from the embrittlement.
(2) The voids are often observed to distribute in the space of 1∼3 μ at the places where slip lines intersect with the original grain boundaries. Therefore it seems that the ledges on the grain boundaries produced by slips during cold working would act as nuclei for voids in the stress relaxation process at elevated temperatures.
(3) In the alloys of heavy cold reduction, recrystallized structures are observed at 200°C. It is probable that the stress relaxation in the grains would play a more important role than in the grain boundaries with increasing degree of cold working reduction.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2185K) -
神保 龍太郎, 須藤 一, 根本 実1971 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 500-506
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーWhen alloys are vacuum-deposited on cooled substrates, super-rapidly cooled alloy films in the unequilibrium state can be obtained. As an application of this method, alloy films of Ag-Cu solid solution were prepared in the thickness of about 5 μ, and the changes in their microstructure and mechanical properties with tempering temperature were investigated. The results obtained are summarized as follows: (1) When alloys of about 50%Ag-50%Cu were deposited on metallic substrates placed on a copper plaque cooled with liquid nitrogen, solid solutions containing a small amount of amorphous phase were formed. (2) The solid solution was hardened by tempering at 150°C. The hardening is considered to occur when the solid solution begins to decompose into α and β phases. (3) The Knoop hardness number of a 40 at%Ag-Cu alloy film deposited on a cooled glass substrate was 390 kg/mm2. The as-deposited films were generally very hard but fractured under stresses below their elastic limits. (4) Liquid-quenched 50 at%Ag-Cu alloys consisted of a lamellar structure of α and β, and contained a small amount of γ-solid solution. They showed ductility.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2188K) -
須藤 一, 神保 龍太郎, 根本 実1971 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 506-511
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーBy applying the vacuum-deposition method, it may be possible to prepare alloys constituted of elements mutually insoluble in the liquid state. From this point of view, Ag-Ni and Ag-C alloys were successfully produced, and their structure and the mechanical properties were investigated. The following results were obtained: (1) The solid solution of silver containing up to 9 at%Ni could be produced. The solid solubility of carbon in silver could not be detected by means of the X-ray method, but the change in the electric resistivity of 1 and 2 at%C-Ag alloys with temperature indicated the decomposition of the solid solution into silver and carbon. (2) By alloying nickel and carbon in silver, the duplex grain structure in silver films as-deposited were normalized and refined. (3) After the tempering of 4 at%Ni-Ag alloy at 400°C and of 1 and 2 at%C-Ag alloys at 200°C, they were hardened by the precipitation of fine nickel and carbon particles. (4) The linear relationship between proof stress vs. (grain diameter)−1⁄2 for bulk silver polycrystals can be applied to vacuum-deposited films up to about 0.1 μ in grain diameter, but the proof stress of ultra-fine grained silver with grain diameters of less than 0.1 μ was smaller than the value expected from the Petch’s relation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1498K) -
飯島 嘉明, 平野 賢一1971 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 511-517
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーInterdiffusion in Co-Ni alloys was studied in the temperature range between 880° and 1300°C, using diffusion couples of pure cobalt and nickel. Matano’s method was employed to determine the interdiffusion coefficient, \ ildeD, as a function of concentration.
It was found that above 1190°C, \ ildeD behaved as in an ideal solid solution. Below 1145°C, the dependence of \ ildeD on the concentration showed a maximum value at 75 at%Ni, which might be attributed to the short range order. Below 1000°C, interdiffusion was enhanced by some short-circuiting diffusion. The effect of magnetic transformation on the interdiffusion was clearly detected.
The calculated values of \ ildeD based on Darken’s equation were compared with the experimental values for 1127°C, and the latter was shown to be smaller than the former in the whole range of composition. From the Arrhenius relationship, the activation energy \ ildeQ and the frequency factor \ ildeD0 for the interdiffusion were calculated. \ ildeQ shows a minimum at about 70 at%Ni supposedly corresponding to the maximum of \ ildeD at 75 at%Ni.
The Kirkendall voids were not formed and the Kirkendall markers were found to be almost immobile in this system, suggesting that the intrinsic diffusion coefficient of both elements in this system is nearly the same.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2452K) -
菊地 紀雄1971 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 518-522
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーRod-form single crystals of fcc 18-12 type stainless steel about 3 mm in diameter and 12 cm in length were prepared and the thermal expansion and Young’s modulus in the temperature range −150° to 500°C and the rigidity modulus at 20°C were measured by means of a dilatometer, a vibrator-controlled oscillator system and the torsion pendulum method, respectively. The values calculated from the measured ones show that the Young’s moduli at 20°C in the ⟨100⟩, ⟨110⟩ and ⟨111⟩ directions of the single crystals are 10.34, 21.00 and 32.00×105 kg/cm2, and the rigidity moduli at 20°C are 14.13, 5.92 and 6.70×105 kg/cm2, respectively, the elastic anisotropy being very large. The Young’s moduli in the three principal directions decrease monotonously with increasing temperature. The mean temperature coefficients of Young’s moduli at 0°∼40°C are −51.70, −37.80 and −24.90×10−5 in the ⟨100⟩, ⟨110⟩ and ⟨111⟩ directions, respectively. The calculated values of Young’s modulus for a polycrystal agree fairly well with the measured ones for the polycrystal specimen prepared by melting.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1555K) -
田中 皓, 岸田 靖雄, 山口 昭雄, 森山 徐一郎1971 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 523-527
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThermodynamic properties of the Cr-C system were determined by means of emf measurements using a single crystal of calcium fluoride as a solid electrolyte. The constructions of fluorine concentration cells were
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Using the emf values and its temperature dependences of the above cells between 880° and 1098°K, the standard free energies and enthalpies of formation of Cr3C2 and Cr7C3 were obtained as
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菊池 武昭1971 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 527-533
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe effects of iron,silicon,nickel and copper on the reaction of aluminum subchloride process were investigated by the flow method of aluminum trichloride at reduced pressure and in the temperature range of 900°∼1100°C.
In all cases, the extraction rate of aluminum decreased with the increase in the contents of alloying elements, and increased with increasing temperature and supplying rate of aluminum trichloride. The extraction rate of aluminum could be expressed by the following equation including activity of aluminum and partial pressure of aluminum trichloride. V = 1.28a_Al^2 ·P_AlCl_3^4/3 ·e^-11800/RT (Al g/cm^2 ·min)
The contents of silicon and iron in the deposited aluminum were about 0.2% and 0.05% respectively, and little amounts of copper and nickel transferred to the products. In addition, the experimental results were discussed using the thermodynamic calculation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2007K) -
菊池 武昭, 黒沢 利夫, 柳橋 哲夫1971 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 533-538
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe extraction of aluminum was carried out by the subchloride method. The source material was a crude aluminum alloy prepared from colloidal earth and bauxite by the use of the 70 KVA electric furnace.
The ratio of aluminum extraction increased with smaller alloy particles as well as a larger supply of aluminum trichloride, and reached more than 90% at 1300°C. Furthermore, its ratio depended not only on the aluminum content in the alloy but also on the Fe/Si ratio.
The reaction ratio of aluminum trichloride decreased with a larger supply and lowering temperature, but it increased when the reaction zone was lengthened.
The deposited aluminum contained small amounts of silicon and iron, in which the silicon content was larger than iron, and the purity of aluminum was more than 99.6%. Furthermore, the extracted aluminum was melted and made into a thin plate by rolling.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1858K) -
岡 暢, 石塚 勝一郎, 白川 勇記1971 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 539-540
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (203K) -
1971 年 35 巻 5 号 p. 540
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーPDF参照 （誤）Δθ, Δθ, 450°C×30 sec, [PDF参照] （正）Δ2θ, Δ2θ, 450°C×30 min, [PDF参照]抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (15K)
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