巻号一覧
39 巻, 10 号
選択された号の論文の17件中1～17を表示しています
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前 義治, 竹内 庸1975 年 39 巻 10 号 p. 997-1002
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーTi-6Al-4V alloy was hot rolled in the β and α+β ranges, and the effects of cross rolling in the β range, rolling temperature and cross rolling in the α+β range on the tensile properties, bend properties, microstructures, anisotropy of hardness and the textures were examined.
Hot rolling in the β range was carried out at the early rolling process. At the finishing rolling process the finishing temperature was fixed at 800°C by taking the amount of β-phase into consideration and the heating temperature was varied from 900 to 950°C. Tensile properties, bend properties, microstructures, hardness and textures were observed in the specimens subjected to the following processes: [(a)] straight rolling in the β range, followed by straight rolling in the α+β range [(b)] straight rolling in the β range, followed by cross rolling in the α+β range [(c)] cross rolling in the β range, followed by straight rolling in the α+β range [(d)] cross rolling in the β range, followed by cross rolling in the α+β range The results are as follows:
(1) In this alloy the alignment of [0002] axes are observed not only in the normal direction but also in the rolling and transverse directions of the sheet. The sheet which was straight-rolled in the α+β range shows a higher pole intensity in the transverse direction than that in the rolling direction and a large planar anisotropy in the yield and tensile strengths. On the other hand, the sheet which was cross-rolled in the α+β range shows a nearly equal intensity in the rolling and transverse directions and little planar anisotropy in the yield and tensile strengths.
(2) Thus, an adequate manufacturing process for this material is concluded to be a process that involves cross rolling at an appropriate temperature in the α+β range.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1401K) -
横堀 武夫, 相沢 民王1975 年 39 巻 10 号 p. 1003-1010
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe influence of the temperature and the stress intensity factor upon the fatigue crack propagation rate dC⁄dN and the striation spacing in the same materials has experimentally been studied in order to get the similarity and dissimilarity between them. The material used is 304 stainless steel. Fractographic studies were also made.
Within the range of stress intensity factor used and the temperature range from 24 to 400°C, both dC⁄dN and the striation spacing are in good agreement with the Arrehenius type equation and the apparent activation energies are linear to the logarithm of stress intensity factor just similar to the case of aluminum alloy previously studied. From 500 to 700°C, dC⁄dN obeys another Arrehenius type equation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1027K) -
辻本 得蔵1975 年 39 巻 10 号 p. 1010-1018
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーAn interdiffusion coefficient \ ildeD of an unstable solid solution is changed from the positive sign to the negative sign with increasing solute concentration and decreasing temperature. A new precipitation theory, in which the temperature and composition dependence of \ ildeD plays an important role, is described. It is assumed that spinodal decomposition mechanism and nucleation-growth mechanism operate concurrently even in a spinodal region, and that nuclei grow slowly by methods such as an interfacial reaction or a combination of diffusion and thermal concentration fluctuation in the case of \ ildeD(c0)<0. Here, c0 is an average solute concentration of an alloy. From the consideration for solute concentration curves in the growth process of precipitates, it is shown that the 3-phase structure of G.P.zone is held for a long time at the initial stage of aging in the case of \ ildeD(c0)<0, and that the 3-phase structure begins to transfer easily to a 2-phase structure in the case of \ ildeD(c0)>0. From the consideration for diffusion rates of solute atoms flowing into a zone, it is shown that the precipitation rate increases with the beginning of the transfer to the 2-phase structure.
The process of the transfer is accompanied by a movement of main diffraction lines and a high rate of increase in integrated X-ray small-angle scattering intensities and Guinier radii of the inner-zone of zone-complexes. In a Cu-4%Ti alloy, the transfer occurs after a long incubation period on aging at the temperatures below 400°C, but the transfer begins immediately after aging at the temperatures above 450°C. The present theory can explain well the experimental results, when the chemical and coherent spinodal temperatures of the alloy are taken to be 425 and 350°C, respectively.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (804K) -
松井 啓, 松野 亮, 高橋 睦, 菅野 秀雄, 畠山 一美1975 年 39 巻 10 号 p. 1018-1024
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe damping capacity of material is closely related to the control of vibration and noise occurring on the members of various mechanical structures. Therefore, the authors have been studying the characteristics of the damping capacity of carbon steels from a practical viewpoint of reducing the vibration and noise.
This report deals with a research into the influences of the strain-amplitude, the magnetic field and the microstructure upon the damping capacity of annealed and normalized carbon steels at room temperature. The damping capacity was measured by transverse vibration and torsional vibration. The main results obtained were as follows:
(1) The damping capacity of carbon steels in the region of low strain-amplitude was independent of the strain-amplitude and its magnitudes were almost equal, while in the region of high strain-amplitude it was dependent on the strain-amplitude when the carbon content decreased.
(2) The damping capacity of low carbon steels in the amplitude-dependent region considerably decreased in a saturated magnetic field. This is due to the disappearance of the magneto-mechanical hysteresis loss in the pro-eutectoid ferrite.
(3) Within the range of the carbon content lower than about 0.5%, the damping capacity decreased in the order of annealed, globuralized and normalized materials owing to the influences of the distribution and the shape of pearlite, but it became nearly equal when the carbon content became higher than 0.5%. By these observations, it may be concluded that the distribution and the shape of pearlite is closely related to the magneto-mechanical hysteresis loss in the pro-eutectoid ferrite.
(4) The observed damping capacity (QT−1) of a carbon steel can be separated into two parts, the amplitude independent part (QI−1) and the amplitude dependent part (QD−1), and QD−1 can further be separated into two parts, the magneto-mechanical damping capacity (QM−1) and the background damping capacity (QB−1). This relationship can be expressed as follows:
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三浦 維四, 浅岡 憲三1975 年 39 巻 10 号 p. 1025-1032
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーIt is an indispensable problem for the ductile fracture that the role of inclusions and voids is examined by micromechanical calculations of the stresses which develop around an inclusion and a void. But work of this kind has not yet been done, because the problems of plastic yielding around an inclusion and a void were not solved, to our knowledge, till quite recently. Lately, the numerical solution by computer has rapidly advanced. So the mechanism of ductile fracture in tension was studied by means of the elastic-plastic finite element method simulation. The strain-hardening characteristics of the aluminium matrix were assumed to be expressed by σ=11.2×(α+ε)0.30 (α; constant) for plastic state.
For the initiation of ductile fracture voids, the maximum equivalent stress in the particle, the maximum shear stress at the matrix-particle interface and the maximum equivalent stress in the matrix were studied at the various tensile stress stages. As a result of this simulation, the initiation mechanism of ductile fracture voids was explained. Then the initiation of the ductile fracture of voids was determined by the relative relations of the strength of the particle, of the shear strength at the interface, and of the strength of the matrix.
For the growth of ductile fracture voids, the stress and the strain distribution around a void and the change of geometry of a void were calculated in detail from the elastic state to 3.2% plastic strain. As a result of this simulation, the void grew in the tensile direction but the plastic strain was less at the top of the void. The side of the void was the part where the stress and the strain concentrated. And the strain in that part was increased more rapidly than that in the other part. So the fracture of the specimen might be accomplished from the initiation of a shear crack at the side of the void.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (710K) -
檀崎 祐悦, 広川 吉之助1975 年 39 巻 10 号 p. 1033-1038
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーIn X-ray fluorescence analysis of metal elements in solutions, the interferences with the diverse elements and the geometrical condition of the Mylar film spread on sample cells must be taken into consideration. By the correction of these effects, a scattered X-ray internal standard method is improved and applied to alloy samples. A simplification of calibration curves was also tried by utilizing an equation for X-ray intensity and the concentration of the element.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (394K) -
井口 征夫1975 年 39 巻 10 号 p. 1039-1045
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーSnoek peaks of nitrogen in Fe-Al-N ternary alloys were measured with the torsional pendulum at temperatures ranging from −30 to 120°C. Besides the normal nitrogen peak of Fe-N alloys, an additional peak was found at higher temperatures. The activation energies were determined as 17.7 and 19∼20 kcal/mol for low and high temperatures respectively. It is considered that the low temperature peak is due to the stress-induced diffusion of N atoms in Fe-Fe interstices and the high temperature peak due to that in Al-Fe interstices. Although the shape of the normal nitrogen peak of Fe-N binary alloys is in good agreement with that calculated as the internal friction has a single relaxation time, the low temperature peaks in Fe-Al-N ternary alloys are slightly broader than that of the Fe-N binary alloys, and the high temperature peaks are much broader. The broadening can be explained by introducing the relaxation times which have an appropriate error functional distribution.
The precipitation of iron nitrides (Fe16N2, Fe4N) and AlN in Fe-Al-N ternary alloys was investigated by measuring the electrical resistivity. The Snoek peaks were also measured to clarify the precipitation process of AlN. Though the precipitation of Fe16N2 at about 150°C is accelerated very slightly with increasing Al content, that of Fe4N at about 250°C is not affected by Al. On the other hand, the precipitation of AlN is accelerated by increasing the Al content. The precipitation process of AlN in specimens of above 0.5%Al is divided into two stages which are characterised as large and small decrements of both electrical resistivity and the Snoek peak. The former and the latter stages are assumed to be due to the pre-precipitation clustering of Al and N and the growth of hexagonal AlN, respectively.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (630K) -
関根 和喜, 上城 太一1975 年 39 巻 10 号 p. 1045-1052
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe problem of constrained deformation of crystals based on the Bishop-Hill’s maximum work principle or Taylor’s minimum shear principle is interpreted as a constrained optimization problem for a process system consisting of many elementary processes such as simple glides on a crystallographic slip system. The mathematical method for analysis of crystal rotations under constrained deformation is introduced based on the consideration that when the plastic distortion components are prescribed, the corresponding stress and rotation vector components are the optimized responses of its process. The proposed method is applied to the simulation of rolling texture development in bcc metals deformed by the ⟨111⟩ pencil glide, using a function minimization program capable of dealing with multimodal function and non-linear constraints.
The predicted rolling textures of bcc metals are in good agreement with the experimentally determined ones of iron. Therefore, this computational method can be expected to yield realistic information about other deformation texture problems.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (632K) -
上條 至朗, 大塚 陸郎1975 年 39 巻 10 号 p. 1052-1059
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe protective film formed on stainless steels (SUS 340 and 430) was investigated by means of TSEE (thermally stimulated exo-electron emission). Specimens were excited with γ-ray of Co60. The TSEE glow curves obtained from the surface of the specimens were compared with those for the oxidized surface of pure iron, chromium and nickel which were main components of stainless steel, and with those for the oxide powders of these metals. The surface of Ni-Cr (80:20) alloy was also investigated. The results obtained are as follows:
(1) The TSEE glow curves for the two kinds of stainless steels oxidized at high temperatures were composed of those obtained from the oxidized surface of pure iron, chromium and nickel. The difference in the composition of the stainless steels was apparent in the glow curves.
(2) The surface of pure metals oxidized at 500°C usually gave glow curves different from those for their oxide powders. It was surmised that the surface oxide film differed in defect structure from oxide powders.
(3) When the metals and alloys were oxidized at higher temperature (800°C), exo-emission decreased extremely and the glow curves had a tendency to approach those of their oxide powders.
(4) The important role of chromium in the corrosion resistance of stainless steel was demonstrated by the fact that the protective film formed in air and in sulfuric acid solution at room temperature gave glow curves similar to those for chromium oxidized at high temperatures.
(5) The oxidized surface of Ni-Cr alloy gave glow curves identical with those of pure nickel.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (670K) -
添野 浩1975 年 39 巻 10 号 p. 1059-1065
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーPrecipitation processes in ternary iron-nickel-titanium maraging steels containing 20 to 5% nickel and 1.8% titanium have been investigated by measuring electrical resistivity at liquid nitrogen temperature and hardness.
Resistivity decrease is observed around 400°C in isochronal aging of iron-nickel binary alloys quenched from 950°C, the nickel contents of which are varied from 20 to 5%. Similar resistivity decrease is also observed in isochronal aging of the 15 to 5% nickel-1.8% titanium ternary maraging steels. However, resistivity increase is observed around 400°C in isochronal aging of the 17.5%Ni-0.4%Ti, 17.5%Ni-1.8%Ti and 20%Ni-1.8%Ti ternary maraging steels. The resistivity changes in isochronal aging are discussed.
The greater part of precipitation hardening is produced by aging in temperatures above 400°C. It is considered from resistivity decrease above 400°C in isochronal and isothermal agings that the precipitation in the 5%Ni-1.8%Ti maraging steel proceedes in a single stage but that in the 10%Ni-1.8%Ti, 15%Ni-1.8%Ti and 20%Ni-1.8%Ti maraging steels proceed in two stages. Great resolution of a precipitate formed in the first stage of the 10%Ni-1.8%Ti maraging steel is observed in reversion experiment. However, the reversion of precipitates formed in the first stages of the 15%Ni-1.8%Ti and 20%Ni-1.8%Ti maraging steels is relatively small. Precipitates in the ternary maraging steels are also considered by reference to investigations published.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (572K) -
増本 量, 渡辺 清1975 年 39 巻 10 号 p. 1065-1069
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーCrystal structures and magnetic properties of Rh-Mn-Sb alloys have been investigated by means of X-ray diffraction and magnetic measurements. It has been found that alloys in the composition range of Rh1.00Mn0.66Sb0.34∼Rh1.00Mn0.55Sb0.45 have the crystal structure of face centered tetragonal L10-type with the lattice parameters a=4.200∼4.182 Å and c⁄a=0.806∼0.829. The typical Rh1.00Mn0.55Sb0.45 alloy has a saturation magnetization of 52.3 emu/g at absolute zero, a magnetic moment of 3.20μB per Mn atom, a Curie temperature of 330 K and a paramagnetic Curie temperature of 286 K.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (311K) -
財満 鎮雄, 加茂 進, 飯尾 政次1975 年 39 巻 10 号 p. 1070-1075
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe behaviour of built-up edge in the drilling of the four commercial wrought aluminium materials, 2024-T4, 5052-F, 5056-F and 6061-T6, is discussed comparing with the behaviour of the built-up edge in orthogonal cutting (plunge cut) in order to examine the aluminium drilling mechanism. The results obtained are as follows: The figures of the built-up edge on every cutting edge of drill are very similar to those in orthogonal cutting under cutting conditions equivalent to the rake angle at the drill cutting edge and the cutting speed in drilling. The variation periods of built-up edge obtained from variation marks of built-up edge on the drilled surface are similar to the variation periods of the built-up edge obtained from variation marks on the finished surface and the chip surface in orthogonal cutting. And the variation periods of the built-up edge are large at a low cutting speed, but, when the cutting speed increases, these periods decrease abruptly. In the present experiments, the built-up edge is small in the case of heat-treated alloys 2024-T4 and 6061-T6 and is large in the case of non-heattreated alloys 5052-F and 5056-F.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (521K) -
相根 博道, 山村 明彦, 沖 憲典, 江口 鉄男1975 年 39 巻 10 号 p. 1076-1082
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーA sequence of structural changes and the antiphase boundary (APB) contrast associated with order-disorder transitions in Fe3Al alloy were investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy, and the results are discussed in combination with those of our previous X-ray diffraction study. In the transitions B2→DO3 and α+B2→DO3, the ordering was observed to take place by nucleation and growth of the DO3 domains in the B2 and α+B2 matrix, respectively. In the latter transition the difference in size of the DO3 domains which have nucleated in the α and B2 matrices suggests that the ordering from B2 to DO3 phase is easier than that from α to DO3. In the transition B2→α+DO3, the DO3 domains nucleate at the early stage, and in their growing process the α phase precipitates in both the B2 and DO3 type APB’s. The 111 dark field image shows that the B2 type APB’s with phase angle ±π⁄2 do not produce such a clear contrast as is exhibited by the DO3 type APB’s with phase angle ±π, and the fact is qualitatively explained by the two-beam dynamical theory.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1318K) -
藤田 英一1975 年 39 巻 10 号 p. 1082-1087
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe lattice deformation in the martensitic transformation in steel is the conversion of the lattice form from the fcc to the bcc structure by a certain mechanism including planar atomic displacements such as by a uniform lattice shear or dislocation motion and axial expansions and contractions. Based upon the main inter-planar displacement along the (111)f or (101)b plane and the [11\bar2]f or [10\bar1]b direction, the lattice transform from fcc to bcc is dealt with by using a simple mathematical expression which can commonly treat the fcc, hcp, bcc, and their stacking modification structures and, at the same time, can comprehend various lattice transformation mechanisms so far proposed. The expression consists of the deformation operators and the stacking sequence matrices, both of which are measured in the units of the displacement vector, a⁄12·⟨112⟩f. For instance, the Kurdjumov-Sachs or Nishiyama mechanism is expressed by [2]f[1+][D]=[3]b, where [2]f represents the ABCABC… stacking structure of fcc, [1+] means the deformation operator corresponding to the first shear of 19°28′ along (111)f and [11\bar2]f, [D] corresponds to other deformations by the axial expansion, contraction or small shear of another kind which are necessary to reach the bcc lattice dimensions and symmetry, and the final transform, [3]b is the AbAbAb… stacking sequence of (101)b in the bcc structure.
By means of the mathematical treatment such as above, all possible transformation paths from fcc to bcc, which include any of the uniform shear, regular motions of half dislocations and shuffling, are searched, and it is concluded that only three paths are allowed. They are the K-S or N mechanism, Venables’ mechanism through the hcp structure, and a new mechanism through a six stacking layer structure proposed by the author. Furthermore, the above three mechanisms are carefully examined and discussed by taking account of the transition of positions of the interstitial carbon atoms during the transformation, the experimental evidence for the appearence of the intermediate phases, and their structural stabilities, especially in regard to the new six-layer structure.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (536K) -
船水 康宏, 渡辺 勝也1975 年 39 巻 10 号 p. 1087-1092
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe behaviour of interdiffusion and layer growth of β and β′ phases in the Cu-Zn system was investigated in the temperature range of 325 to 651°C, and the effect of the order-disorder transformation upon the diffusion behaviour in this alloy was also studied.
The rate of the layer growth and the interdiffusion coefficient of this alloy were influenced by the order-disorder transformation and both values were remarkably reduced at the temperature of transformation.
The interdiffusion coefficient increased monotonically with the increase of Zn concentration in both phases of β and β′. The activation energy for interdiffusion increased in the β′ phase while the value decreased in β phase with the increase of Zn concentration. The activation energy for interdiffusion in the ordered β′ phase was about 1.5 times higher than that in the disordered β phase.
The intrinsic diffusion coefficient of Zn atom showed the value of about 2 times higher than that of Cu atom in the disordered phase, while these two factors were nearly coincided with each other in the ordered phase.
It was shown from the measurement of the Kirkendall effect that the diffusion was controlled by a vacancy mechanism in the disordered phase and by the six atoms-vacancy jump mechanism in the ordered phase.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (456K) -
津野 勝重, 木村 修, 竹村 等1975 年 39 巻 10 号 p. 1093-1098
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーUniformity of magnetic properties of pole piece material is required for producing a high field homogeneity in electromagnet. It is useful to measuring a residual magnetization distribution on a pole face in order to check the uniformity of pole piece material. The relation between residual magnetization distribution and magnetic properties of pole piece material was studied. In the pole pieces having an axial symmetrical easy axis distribution, the difference of coefficients of magnetic anisotropy with direction produces the directional component of residual magnetization. A directional component of 180° symmetry was also induced by the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy of pole piece material. A lower value of axially symmetric component of residual magnetization was obtained in the pole pieces cut from a material of large diameter than that in those cut from a material of small diameter.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (530K) -
水流 徹, 春山 志郎1975 年 39 巻 10 号 p. 1098-1103
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe methode based on the conductance measurement of the metallic film electrode, called the resistmetry, was applied to the galvanostatic oxidation and reduction of Zn and Sn in a neutral borate buffer solution of pH 8.39. An analysis was made on the conductance- and potential-coulomb diagrams. The results are summarized as follows:
The anodic oxide film on Zn was ascertained as Zn(OH)2, which was formed by anodic oxidation and reduced to metallic Zn by cathodic reduction both with 100% current efficiency. The potential arrests of the anodic and cathodic chronopotentiogram, which corresponds to the reaction
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\ oindentdepended on the current density following to the Tafel relation. It was found from the results that the equilibrium potential of the reaction is −1.16 V at which the apparent exchange current density is 10 μA/cm2. By anodic oxidation, Sn was covered with the SnO film at first, and, when the thickness of the film reached a certain value, it started to dissolve as Sn (IV) ion. During the anodic dissolution, the SnO layer was kept at a constant thickness. SnO was cathodically reduced to metal completly. The current efficiencies of both the anodic oxidation and the cathodic reduction were found to be close to 100%. It was proved that the resistmetry could be successfully used as an in-situ methode for investigating anodic oxide films by combining with the coulometry.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (492K)
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