Okayama Igakkai Zasshi (Journal of Okayama Medical Association)

Distribution of Bulimus striatulus var. japonicus and Incidence of Natural Infection of Dogs and Cats with Clonorchis sinensis in Okayama Prefecture

Seiiti Inatomi, Mitiya Kimura

1955 Volume 67 Issue 3-4 Pages 651-653
Published: April 30, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.67.3-4_651

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Okayam Prefecture is noted as a distribution area of Clonorchis sinensis.
We have found K. Nagano (1927) and S. Inatomi (1950) to report on the distribution of Bulimus striatulus var. japonicus. But, lately, we have noticed a change in this distribution during undergo. Then, we have investigated the distribution of Bulimus striatulus var. japonicus at OKayama Prefecture in 1954. By this we found the redusing and restriction of the distribution area of Bulimns striatulus var. japonicus and Clonorchis sinensis of 20.63% from the dogs and 45.54% from the cats of this area.

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Propagation of excitation and action of strong hydrostatic compression

Propagation of excitation and effect of high hydrostatic pressure on muscles. (I)

G. Nagao

1955 Volume 67 Issue 3-4 Pages 655-666
Published: April 30, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.67.3-4_655

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By means of the isolated chamber method after Sugi the propagation of the excitation and by routine method action potential were examined at compressed muscle. Following results are obtained;
1) Muscle contraction evoked by high hydrostatic pressure does not propagate along muscle fiber.
2) When muscle is immersed into solution in which the muscle reacts to pressurestimulation more sensitively but to electric stimulation less sensitively, its contraction does not propagate.
3) In case of the compression contraction no action current appears.
4) Muscle tissue becomes less acid by pressure contraction than by tetanic contraction.

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Propagation of excitation and action of strong hydrostatic compression

Propagation of excitation and effect of high hydrostatic pressure on muscles. (II)

G. Nagao

1955 Volume 67 Issue 3-4 Pages 667-671
Published: April 30, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.67.3-4_667

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1) In some solutions in which muscles contract without propagation, they react more sensitively to hydrostatic pressure, less to electric stimulation.
2) The conductivity of excitation waves of “tonic” or “non-tonic” muscles of toad shows no difference practically.
3) By immersion of muscles into some solutions in which their contraction does not propagate, the excitability of muscle does increase at the part stimulated.

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Propagation of excitation and action of strong hydrostatic compression

Responese of the muscle uniformly stimulated from its surrounding. (III)

G. Nagao

1955 Volume 67 Issue 3-4 Pages 673-678
Published: April 30, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.67.3-4_673

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When a muscle is stimulated uniformly from its surrounding with acetylcholine or ultrasound wave, its excitability increases but the propagation of its excitation wave fade away.
In other words, the muscle stimulated equally from its surrounding like by compression reacts easily by irritability of each muscle fiber, although the conduction of excitation is disturbed.

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Effect of high hydrostatic pressure on ciliary movement and secretion of frog's palatine mucous membrane

G. Nagao

1955 Volume 67 Issue 3-4 Pages 679-684
Published: April 30, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.67.3-4_679

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Excised palatine mucous membrane of frog suffers from following effects of hydrostatic pressure in Ringer's solution.
1) Pressure up to about 1000 atmospheric pressure inhibits ciliary movement of the mucous membrane. The higher the pressure is further, the earlier the ciliary movement stops.
2) At 1300 (30 minutes)-1500 (10 minutes) atmospheric pressure the secretion of mucous membrane is augmented, and its O₂-consumption increases at the same time.

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Effect upon muscle excitability of Ringer's solution in which many muscles are immersed one after another

G. Nagao

1955 Volume 67 Issue 3-4 Pages 685-691
Published: April 30, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.67.3-4_685

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When many excised muscles are immersed one after another into the same Ringer's solution or curare-Ringer's solution, this solution becomes to make fresh muscle more excitable to compression, and less excitable to electric stimulation. The effect appears to be due to potassium increase in that solution.

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Studies on the effect of the nutrient vessels of the bone-marrow upon the bone-marrow circulation

Part 1: The nutrient vessels distributed in a rabbit femur, and the effect of the interception of the principal nutrient artery distributed in a rabbit femur upon the bone-marrow circulation

Toshiteru Takeda

1955 Volume 67 Issue 3-4 Pages 693-708
Published: April 30, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.67.3-4_693

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The following results were obtained by the investigation of the topographical anatomy of the nutrient vessels, distributed in a rabbit femur, and of the circulation recovery after the ligation of the principal nutrient artery by means of transparent specimens.
1) The principal nutrient vessel, diverging from A. et V. circumflexa femoris lateralis and sending two branches to the periosteal capillary bed on the way, reaches the foramen nutricium lateralis.
2) The vessels in the proximal metaphysis and diaphysis consist of three branches, diverged from A. et V. circumflexa femoris medialis, and vessels in the lig. teres.
3) The chief vessels in the distal metaphysis and diaphysis are the following three branches A. et V. genus superior med. et lat., and A. et V. intercondvlica.
4) The periosteal vessels form the muscular capillary bed with branches diverging from the femoral vessel, a part of which pours into the periosteal capillary bed.
5) The above-mentioned nutrient vessels enter into the bone-marrow through the foramen nutricium, the foramina nutricia accessoria, and Harversian canal.
6) When the principal nutrient artery of a fully grown rabbit femur is intercepted, over ten days are necessary for the recovery of the bone-marrow circulation, and this recovry is founded upon the collateral circulation from the vessels in the proximel metaphysis and diaphysis, and the periosteal vessels.
7) When the principal nutrient artery of a young rabbit is intercepted, the recovery of the bone-marrow circulation is rather slower than in the case of a fully grown rabbit.

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Studies on the effect of the nutrient vessels of the bone-marrow upon the bone-marrow circulation

Part 2: The blood-supplying percentage of the nutrient vessels of a rabbit femur upon the bone-marrow circulation

Toshiteru Takeda

1955 Volume 67 Issue 3-4 Pages 709-718
Published: April 30, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.67.3-4_709

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After investigating how the nutrient vessels distributed in a rabbit femur control the bone-marrow circulation with Radioisotope P³² as a tracer, the following results were obtained.
1) The difference of the blood quantity supplied into both femur marrows from the nutrient arteries is within 4%.
2) Observing the controlling state of the bone-marrow circulation of the nutrient arteries, the controlling power of the principal nutrient artery is 79%, the greatest percentage of all. Next, that of the periosteal artery is 14%, and that of the vessels in the metaphysis and diaphysis is 7%, being of the least significance.
3) When the principal nutrient vein is ligated, the bone-marrow stagnation is very slight. This is because the veins except the principal nutrient one are better developed than the arteries except the principal nutrient one, and the bone-marrow, being contained in bone, is difficult to increase in the volume.

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Studies on the effect of the nutrient vessels of the bone-marrow upon the bone-marrow circulation

Part 3: The change in point of the time of the bone-marrow circulation caused by ligating the principal nutrient vessel of a rabbit femur

Toshiteru Takeda

1955 Volume 67 Issue 3-4 Pages 719-729
Published: April 30, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.67.3-4_719

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In investigating how long it takes the bone-marrow circulation to recover after the ligating of the principal nutrient vessel of a rabbit femur with Radioisotope P³² as a tracer, the following results were obtained.
1) When the principal nutrient artery of a fully grown rabbit is ligated, the bone-marrow circulation is about 20% of control within the lapse of one day, but the recovery by the collateral circulation is by degrees seen and the complete recovery is realized in one month. But some recovers rather more quickly, the other slowly, by each individual difference.
2) When the principal nutrient artery of a young rabbit femur is ligated, the recovery of the bone-marrow circulation is rather slow than that in the case of a fully grown rabbit. That is to say, the connection of the principal nutrient artery with the other nutrient artery in a young rabbit is worse than that in the case of a fully grown rabbit.
3) When the principal nutrient vessel of a fully grown rabbit femur is ligated, the bone-marrow stagnation recovers in the early stage. This is caused by the same reason as that expressed in the 3) item of the part 2.

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Experimental Study on the Auditory Disorder due to Electric Disaster

Masuo Uetsuka

1955 Volume 67 Issue 3-4 Pages 731-748
Published: April 30, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.67.3-4_731

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There has been certain basic investigations taken on the auditory disorders caused by weak electric current, by such scholars as Runge, Oda and Wittmaack; but little has been done toward the experimental study on the same caused by electric disaster.
A) Employing guinea-pigs, I applied.
D. C. 100V. 100 M. A. -250 M. A. from 30 seconds to 10 minutes.
D. C. 70.000-110.000V. 4 M. A. -100M. A. 10 seconds to 10 minutes.
A. C. 110V. 250 M. A. 2 minutes.
A. C. 220V. 450 M. A. from 20 seconds to 30 seconds.
on their auditory organ, and these guinea-pigs were killed immediately after the experiment for vital fixation.
1) D. C. Experiment.
Cells of spiralganglion and vestibularganglion, maculae acusticae, as well as crista have appeared to have been swollen on anode, while on cathode, they looked in a state of shrinkage.
2) A. C. Experiment.
In the cells of spiralganglion and vestibularganglion, one part of them showed swelling while the other part showed a shrinkage and these opposite findings existed in mixed form.
B) In order to know the influence of Joule's heat produced by this experiment, I have conducted a heated test using “diathermy” without catching any such histological changes mentioned above.
C) Having fed a guinea-pig that has undergone these electroshock for a long time and pursuing its histoloigcal changes, could discover otitis media in all cases; while labyrinthitis in 2/3 cases. As to one third cases where labyrinthitis could not be detected, no change happened to their maculae acusticae, crista, or cells of vestibular-ganglion.
D) Next, a test has been performed using rabbit.
D. C. 100V. 400 M. A. 20 seconds-40 seconds.
D. C. 110.000V. 4 M. A. 10 minutes-40 minutes.
The histological changes seen in those cases which have suffered vital fixation immediately after the experiment, have proved as the same with those observed in guinea-pig test. A devastation of cells of spiral ganglion on anode was noticed in a rabbit that underwent a vital fixation 60 days after having been administered D. C. 110.000V. 4 M. A.

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On Cases of Human Auditory Disturbances Caused by Electric Disorders

Masao Uetsuka

1955 Volume 67 Issue 3-4 Pages 749-751
Published: April 30, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.67.3-4_749

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There are two types in human auditory disturbances owing to electric disasters, one of which is what one may call immediate injury, appearing on the heel of those disasters; the other, used to appear days or months after disaster, and often spoken of as after injury. The author have had chance to take a survey of 4 cases that suffered violent electric disaster.
1) 65 years-old male; has become victim to A. C. 300V. immediately after the event, felt right-ear tinnitus, slight vertigo and tendency to fall down on the right side. Though he could recover in a few days from symptoms, a tinnitus as well as difficult-hearing of right ear began a year afterward. By examination, it has been proved that his right ear had a marked auditory disability in the area higher than c² and complete deaf at c⁶.
2) 50 years-old male; experienced 4 electric shocks, i. e.,
A. C. 3.300V. 3 times; A. C. 60.000V. once.
In every time, he felt an obstruction feeling of ear, tinnitus, as well as vertigo after the disaster. These symptoms disappeared spontaneously in a few days, and at present he enjoys normal hearing.
3) 20 years-old male; struck with A. C. 3.300V.
No otologic symptoms felt after the accident. At present, his hearing is normal.
4) 28 years-old male; struck with A. C. 3.300V.
No sensible diorder happened. At present, normal hearing.
Cases 1) and 2) may be said as immediate injuries due to electric disaster, and Case 1) may be considered to have induced after injury besides.

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Physiological Experimental Study on Localization of Labyrinth to be Affected by the Electric Current

Masuo Uetsuka

1955 Volume 67 Issue 3-4 Pages 753-757
Published: April 30, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.67.3-4_753

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As to the shock caused by the electric current toward the ear, it has been clarified, by Oda, Wittmaack, Minami as well as myself, that there appear certain different histological changes on maculae acustica at either anode or cathode. From this, one could imagine that positive as well as negative electric current give certain stimulus quite contradictory toward maculae acustica. Then, if certain electric stimulus of same pole and same intensity are administered to both the ears simultaneously, one might surmise that certain utterly different stimulus (control or excite) would be given on both maculae acustica, under either positive or negative current. If any rotatory stimulus is added (which is a pure stimulus for the maculae acustica), it may be supposed that pictures contrary to each other might appear in its compensatory eye deviation, according to the kind of current which is either positive or negaive.
Having activated 2 M. A. same pole current on a rabbit's both ears (laying indifferent electrode on the back) I fixed it on the rotatory table invented by Hoeve and de Kleyn and photographed rotatory eye deviation. Unluckily, in my experiment, I failed to recognize any difference in the eye deviation between positive or negative current. However, as I thought the method to be interesting, I have recorded it duly.

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Appearance and its inhibited factors (Foliamin and X ray) of Heinz bodies within erythrocytes

Hisaya MIKI

1955 Volume 67 Issue 3-4 Pages 759-768
Published: April 30, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.67.3-4_759

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1. In case Trinitrotoluene (TNT) would be orally given to a rabbit, Heinz bodies may appear in most of its erythrocytes; if the dose of TNT should prove large in amount, Heinz bodies yield themselves earlier in erythrocytes; the number of Heinz body holding erythrocytes larger; and the time in which erythrocytes that hold Heinz bodies may be observed longer.
2. The administration of Foliamin, one of folic acid preparation, affects nicely toward the rabbit's anemia due to TNT administration; moreover, affects inhibittingly toward the appearance of Heinz bodies within erythrocytes.
3. Any X-irradiation over the liver region gives an influence on the appearance of Heinz bodies within the erythrocytes of a rabbit administered with TNT; in small-dose irradiation (60r), in view to the appearance of Heinz bodies within erythrocytes, improves liver function; while, a moderate dose irradiation (200r), is considered to lower it.

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Trinitrotoluene (TNT) and Heinz bodies in Erythrocytes of Frog and Cock

Hisaya MIKI

1955 Volume 67 Issue 3-4 Pages 769-775
Published: April 30, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.67.3-4_769

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1. By adding TNT to frog's blood in vitro, certain Heinz bodies would be seen within the erythrocytes, though very few.
2. In case a cock has been reduced to a chronic TNT poisoning, the number of erythrocytes as well as the value of hemoglobin in % would prove a decrease as the degree of poisoning progresses; Heinz bodies appear though slightly within but in the periphery of the erythrocytes.

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Studies on Polysaccharides Extracted from Bone Marrow

Part I: Methode to Extract Polysaccharides of Bone Marrow; its Property and Paper Chromatography

Ryoji Takagi

1955 Volume 67 Issue 3-4 Pages 777-794
Published: April 30, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.67.3-4_777

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1) I have succeeded in the extraction of bone marrow polysaccharides out of red bone marrow of a calf due to method in which first of all I make them issue out into the water after it have been heated into the distillated water, remove the protein content owing to CuSo₄ and NaoH; then, removing the salt by ion-exchange resin, cause it to precipitate due to alcohol and ether.
2) This substance is exhibited as white powder with non-crystal nature, which sustains a slight degree of wet-absorbing property, and able to dissolve easy in water, but is indisoluble toward ether, alcohol and aceton.
Also, it invariably has proved to be (+) in Molisch reaction, but to be (-) in any these reactionse of Biurt, Sulfosalicyl acid, Xanthoprotein and Ninhydrin.
Furthermore, by hydrolysis, it has reduced to Fehling solution and after analysis of element I cannot detect any nitrogen.
3) In case a proper amount of this aubstance (per Kg 1mg) be injected into ear veins of a normal rabbit, an increase of erythrocytes has been detected for a few hours after the injection. This function has proved rather tough toward alkali or heat, but is lost by being heated due to acid.
4) I could detect Galactose, Rhamnose, Glucuronic acid and Galacturonic acid for its constituent sugars, owing to paper chromatography.

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Studies on Polysaccharides Extracted from Bone Marrow

Part II: Influence of Polysaccharides Extracted from Bone Marrow, on Hematopoietic Function

Ryoji Takagi

1955 Volume 67 Issue 3-4 Pages 795-814
Published: April 30, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.67.3-4_795

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1) This polysaccharides extracted from the bone marrow as stated in part I can induce the increase of erythrocytes which continue for a few hours after its injection, in the rabbit which has undergone a disturbance in the liver owing to C Cl₄, and which has been extirpated its spleen before 48 hours and 30 days.
2) If this substance be injected in a rabbit who suffers from reticulo-endotherial system due to indian ink, these would be detected no trace of increase of erythrocytes.
Further, by circulation test of bone marrow with thiasin, due to our departmental invention, found that this injection could improve the blood circlatin within bone marrow.
3) With rabbits suffering from venesation anemia, phenylhydrazin anemia and collargol anemia, the injection of this substance has certain effect in urging recovery from anemia.

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Studies on Polysaccharides Extracted from Bone Marrow

Part III: Influence of Polysaccharides Extracted from Bone Marrow, Function on Liver

Ryoji Takagi

1955 Volume 67 Issue 3-4 Pages 815-828
Published: April 30, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.67.3-4_815

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1) In case Polysaccharides extracted from bone marrow is injected to a normal rabbit, those functions, i.e., Santoninacidnatrium antidotal function, bromsulfalein excretion function and Galactose management function prove to augment.
2) In case continuing to be injected once each day, abovementioned Santoninacidnatrium antidotal function as well as bromsulfalein excretion function indicate at their maximum height in 3 or 4 days later; but as to Galactose management function no greater difference from the once-injected case would be seen; again, each function, if they attain to certain limit, in its frequency, its effects prove to reduce in gradual degree, giving place to a phenomenon to be called habit.
3) As for the rabbit suffering from liver injury owing to CCl₄, injection of this substance could improve above-mentioned three functions.

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The effect of fatigue upon the change of near point

Susumu Kuwahara

1955 Volume 67 Issue 3-4 Pages 829-841
Published: April 30, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.67.3-4_829

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I made the studies on the fatigue of transfomer substation employees, baseball players, and locomotive crew, and on the fatigue which was caused mentally and physically by the experiment, using near point measuring and other methods. The results were as follows:
1. Near point seems to show sensitive change according to mental and physical load.
2. The mode of its change is not simple and differs according to various factors. But, generally speaking, the near point seems to come nearer in light fatigue and retreat in heavy one.
3. Retreated near point regains its original position usually in 30-40 minutes, the quickest being 20 minutes and the slowest 60 minutes.
4. It was proved that there are three different types of near point recovering curve.
5. The near point method is an excellent means of fatigue test, but it will be ideal if used together with other method in fatigue tests.

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Studies on the Hearing Test with Speech Sound

Part. 1. On the Relations between Pure Tone Hearing, Speech Sound Hearing and Speech Understanding

M. Miyamoto

1955 Volume 67 Issue 3-4 Pages 843-848
Published: April 30, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.67.3-4_843

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We have already recognized the necessity of the hearing test with voice as well as pure tone. Speech hearing is influenced not only by the threshold of pure tone hearing and the character of frequencies, but by the character of vowels and consonants forming the speech sounds, and is not necessarily the same as the pure tone hearing.
When meaning words are used in the test, mental power works together with the speech sound hearing, resulting in the test of the speech understanding, and not the determination of the true speech hearing.
As the result of tests conducted on many cases of hearing difficulty, it was ascertained that pure tone hearing, speech sound hearing and speech understanding do not come to the equal result, and that there exists no definite relation between the results obtained by the above three tests.

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Studies on the Hearing Test with Speech Sound

Part. 2. Discussion on the Existing Methods of Voice Test

M. Miyamoto

1955 Volume 67 Issue 3-4 Pages 849-853
Published: April 30, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.67.3-4_849

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In the voice tests, meaning words have been used for the long time and the maximum hearing distance is understood to show the degree of hearing.
But when meaning words are used, the speech sounds are likely to be understood as words by the help of mental power, even though the hearing is not sufficiently enough to catch the individual speech sounds. Thus, slight impairment of hearing is liable to be overlooked and the results do not mean the true hearing, but the degree of speech understanding.
When cautious considerations are brought on the facts that speech sounds are compound sounds, the clearness or intensity of the testers' voice have individual differences, and the architectural acoustics of the test room is not constant, it seems to be impossible to determine the degree of hearing simply by the distances of hearing.
By various experiments the author ascertained the following facts: -
(1) There is not necessarily any relation which is implied by straight line òr logarithm between the intensity of sound and the distance from the source of sound.
These two factors, namely, intensity and distance are variable according to the conditions of test room.
(2) Considerable individual differences are seen in the intensity of testers voice. Even when the same person carries on the test, the intensity of sound differs according to the kinds of speech sounds.
(3) The maximum distances of hearing for a certain voice differ according to the conditions of the test room.
By the above mentioned experiments, it can be pointed out that the exsisting methods of voice test involve various defects.

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Studies on the Healing Test with Speech Sound

Part. 3. Hearing Test with Speech Sound of Japanese

M. Miyamoto

1955 Volume 67 Issue 3-4 Pages 855-867
Published: April 30, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.67.3-4_855

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In this test, senseless monosyllabic sounds of Japanese speech are used. Generally, 100 sounds are used in one test.
As to the test-distance, the point where the difference between normal hearing and slightly impaired hearing begins to be noticed, is determined as standard distance at each test room by each tester.
In proportion as the noise of the test room increases, the standard distance is getting shorter. The experiments show that the result of the test is reliable when the standard distance of test room is longer than 1/3 of the standard distance in the sound proof room.
The degree of hearing difficulty is expressed in the name of “mis-hearing rate, ” which indicates the proportion of the sum of hearing loss and mis-hearing to the tested words' number in percentage.
From the results obtained by the above described method, I could classify the patients into 5 categories according to the percentage of hearing loss:
normal hearing, less than 5%; very slight difficulty, 5-10%; slight difficulty, 20-30%; moderate difficulty, more than 50%; severe difficulty, 100%.

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese], [in Japanese]

1955 Volume 67 Issue 3-4 Pages 869-872
Published: April 30, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.67.3-4_869

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On the Preventive Effect of Sinomenine Against Guinea-pig Anaphylaxis

Yukio Kamimura, Ryosaku Nishiyama

1955 Volume 67 Issue 3-4 Pages 873-881
Published: April 30, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.67.3-4_873

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Anti-anaphylactic effect of sinomenine was studied in guinea-pigs sensitized with bovine serum. Fairly constant severity of shock was obtained in the control animals by determining challenging dose based on Prof. Ogata's so-called binding zone: the highest mutiplication of the antigen giving positive reaction with the highest dilution of the antibody. Standard dose for challenge was calculated by the formula. body weight (g)×1/13×1/binding zone.
Sinomenine was effective in preventing the guinea-pig's anaphylactic shock, but not so remarkably. Five daily subcutaneous injections of 50mg/kg sinomenine were required to prevent death from the active anaphylactic shock induced by the standard antigen dose. Under this pretreatment only about half number of the animals have survived death from the passive anaphylaxis shocked by the same antigen dose. Therefore, sinomenine seemed to be less effective in preventing guinea-pig anaphylaxis than canine anaphylaxis, against which marked protection was observed by one of us (R. N.)
In the guinea-pig injected sinomenine 50mg/kg for 5 consecutive days, histamine content of skin of the head region was reduced by ca. 26%, but no reduction was observed in the abdominal skin and lung tissues. This degree of histamine release was much less than in the dog. The guinea-pig became more susceptible to histamine after the repeated injection of sinomenine, but this phenomenon is not specific to this species. Sinomenine did not inhibit the precipitin reaction in the guinea-pig anaphylaxis.
From these, it may be concluded that the protective effect of sinomenine against guinea-pig anaphylaxis is less marked than against canine anaphylaxis and this is chiefly due to lesser ability of sinomenine in releasing histamine in this species.

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On the Effect of X-irradiation upon the Urease Activity

Y. Nakanishi, M. Kanda, K. Mimura, M. Yamamoto, T. Murakami

1955 Volume 67 Issue 3-4 Pages 883-888
Published: April 30, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.67.3-4_883

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In order to investigate the influence of X-irradiation upon the urease, the authors performed several experiments and obtained the following conclusion:
1) The urease action are influenced by X-irradiation.
2) The activity of urease is strengthened in the case of irradiation with from 40r to 120r, and inhibited in the case of irradiation ranging from 140r to 200r or 400r.
3) The effect of X-irradiation upon urease action is caused by the irradiation of urease itself, and not of the substrate (urea).
4) When KCN is added to the urease urea mixture, the urease activity is activated in proportion to the concentration of KCN. In the case of an addition of KCN to the urease urea mixture, the effect of X-irradiation upon the urease activity is slight in case of strong concentration of KCN, but appears distinctly in case of weak concentration of KCN.
5) When CuSO₄ is added to the urease urea mixture, the urease activity is inhibited in proportion to the concentration of CuSO₄. In the case of addition of CuSO₄ to the urease urea mixture, the effect of X-irradiation upon the urease activity is seen slightly in case of strong concentration of CuSO₄, but distinctly in case of weak concentration of CuSO₄.
6) In the case of solar radiation, the urease activity is inhibited in proportion to the time of solar radiation, and the urease activity which is inhibited by solar radiation for 30 minutes, is reactivated by X-irradiation with 80r.

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Estimation of the Postmortem Interval of a Human Corpse by Determination of the Nonprotein Nitrogen of the Organs

Y. Nakanishi, H. Miki

1955 Volume 67 Issue 3-4 Pages 889-897
Published: April 30, 1955
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.67.3-4_889

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

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In order to verify the opinion of Ido, Momoi & Nishisaki (Okayama-Igakkai-Zasshi 43, 163, 1931; 45, 490 & 1280, 1933; 50, 2103, 1938), that the postmortem interval of a dead body is to be estimated by means of determination of the nonprotein nitrogen of the brain, lung, liver and kidney, the authors estimated the postmortem interval of 100 dead bodies giving consideration on the weather, temperature, humidity and the other circumstances etc.
In 91 out of the 100 cases each estimation gave a satisfactory result. In cases where postmortem decomposition of the corpse proved an increase (in sepsis, phosphorus poisoning, burning and parathion poisoning etc.), it is required to take special considerations in regard to the amount of nonprotein nitrogen; in the cases of dead bodies found in the water somewhat satisfactory result was obtained by applying the correction of Casper and Walcher who had observed that postmortem decomposition having been occured in the water, in which case it took place with slower speed of a third or a quarter than in the air; and in the cases in which any one or more of the 4 organs were missed or abnormal the rest organs might be used for the determination.

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