On the pseudomembranous laryngotracheitis after endotracheal anesthesia, 10 cases in our hospital and 54 cases in other hospitals were statistically studied. It was found in 10 cases among our 318 cases of endotracheal anesthesia i. e. 5 cases among 115 cases of hypotensive anesthesia and 5 cases among 203 usual methodes. Nine of them were female and one was male. Three of them were severe and cured by tracheotomy. For all cases we used ether mainly. The intubation was difficult in 2 of them and easy in other caces. The internal pressure of the cuff was about 50 mmHg except for 2 cases. The pressure seemed to be not so high and the duration of intubation was 2-8 hours. The histological findings of every pseudomembrane showed that it consisted of fibrinogen with many polymorphologic leucocytes. From the pseudomembrane bacteria were positive in 5 cases among 6 examined.
Statistics show that: this complication has occurred in 54 cases of 38, 473 cases and its rate is 0.14%. It was more in female. The pressure in cuff and continuation of anesthesia seemed to have no influence upon it.
In those cases, in which the tube was not sterilized and fluid paraffin or nothing was used for lubricant, it occured more frequently.

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Dogs were used for experiment. The influence of cuff and blood pressure and duration of anesthesia upon the occurrence of pseudomembrane were studied. Six kinds of bacteria, which were found ordinarily in upper respiratory canal, were scattered in the trachea after endotracheal anesthesia. They were comprared with those, to which no bacteria were administrated.
For the causal genesis of pseudomembranous larygotracheitis the infection of bacteria, which are ordinarily found in the upper respiratory canal, is seemed to play a main role, especiallv in dogs it occurs mostly by the haemolytic streptococci and yellow staphylococci. It tends to occur more frequently by the high cuff pressure, but we can not regard that it is caused only by the cuff pressure.
The hypotention and duration of intubation showed no definite relation to its occurrence.
Trauma at intubation, too high cuff pressure, too long duration of intubation, bad lubricant and low blood pressure etc. must have a secondary power to help its occurrence caused by bacterial infectiones.

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To prevent the pseudomembranous laryngotracheitis cares should first be taken against infection complete sterilisation of the tube and choosing suitable size of the tube, administration of antibiotics before operation, avoiding the trauma of mucous membrane of the trachea by tube, keeping the cuff pressure necessarily minimum and choosing the kind of the lubricant may be necessary. Namely to choose the tube, the lateral view of X-ray is profitable and the cuff pressure about 30 mmHg may be suitable by low tension cuff. For the lubricant xylocainjerry is most useful and administration of antibiotics may be more effective.
Using the above mentioned condition we performed experimentally 20 cases of endothracheal anesthesia and found no pseudomembranous laryngotracheitis at all.
In preliminary experiment the pressure of the cuff upon the wall of the trachea and the relationship of the cuff pressure to the space between the tube and the trachea were studied.

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With the use of various animal organs, the author studied the inhibition to the hemagglutination reaction by influenza virus. The results are summarized as follows:
1) In all of the mouse, the rat and the guinea-pig, and of all the organs tested, the brain. the lung, the liver, the kidney and the spleen, the lung showed the highest and the brain the lowest hemagglutination inhibition.
2) The inhibition titer diminished by heating; in the mouse lung emulsion and in the fowl liver emulsion, heating at 80°C for 30 minutes and that at 70°C for 30 minutes respectively destroyed the hemagglutinationinhibitory activity nearly completely.
3) In the range from pH 5.9 to 8.0, the fowl liver emulsion showed a stable hemagglutination inhibition.
4) In the virus inactivated by heating at 56°C for 30 minutes, by adding 2, 000×merzonin (kept refrigerated for 1 week) or by adding formalin (kept refrigerated for 1 week), no change was observed in the hemagglutination inhibition.
5) The hemagglutination-inhibiting substance was not filtrable through Seitz E. K.
6) Freezing and thawing of organ emulsions produced no effect on their hemagglutination inhibitory activity.
7) Sensitization of red cells with organ emulsions caused no change in the hemagglutination inhibition; the organ emulsions directly act on the virus.

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The author studied the mechanism of hemagglutination inhibition by organ emulsions in comparison with that of the culture media filtrate of cholera vibrio. The results are briefly summarized as follows:
1) The hemagglutination-inhibiting substance in organ emulsions acts directly on the virus.
2) The culture media filtrate of cholera vibrio inhibits the hemagglutination by acting on red cells.
3) Organ emulsions had no effect on the mouse-infectivity of inflnenza virus.
4) By still standing at 37°C for 2 hours, the viruses adsorbed on organ substance refloat out. The inactivated viruses, however, do not float out by this procedure.

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The author studied the inhibitory action of nucleic acid to hemagglutination by influenza virus. Just like animal organ emulsions, nucleic acids (commercially obtained) inhibited the hemagglutination by influenza virus, and the viruses adsorbed on ribonucleic acid re-floated out by still standing at 37°C for 2 hours.
These results suggest that the hemagglutination-inhibiting substance in organ emisions is ribonucleic acid or its relating compounds.

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1. The author estimated the amount of pyruvate and α-ketoglutaric acid in the blood of normal persons and schizophrenic patients at rest with empty stomach and obtained the following results.
Normal persons: In the case of normal persons the amount of pyruvate in blood gave the value, 0.84±0.05 mg/dl, whereas the amount of α-Ketoglutaric acid in blood proved to be 0.45±0.014 mg/dl.
Schizophrenic patients: In the case of schizophrenia, the amount of pyruvate in blood yielded the value, 0.79±0.039 mg/dl, whereas the amount of α-ketoglutaric acid in blood proved to be 0.42±0.03 mg/dl.
In other words, the average value of Pyruvate or α-ketoglutraic acid in schizophrenic patients and that in normal persons is approximately equal, showing no significant difference between the two.
2. After performing lobotomy on 9 cases of schizophrenic patients showing no disturbances in organ, blood from elbow vein, spinal fluid of lumbar region, and ventricle fluid were taken from these patients about the same time. The amounts of pyruvate and α-ketoglutaric acid in these fluids were measured; and the following results were obtained.
The average value of pyruvate in blood=1.29±0.11 mg/dl; the average value of α-keto glutaric acid in blood=0.59±0.10 mg/dl; the averge value of pyruvate in spinal fluid of lumbal regions=0.80±0.06 mg/dl; the average value of α-Ketoglutaric acid in spinal fluid of lumbal regions=0.48±0.09 mg/dl the average value of pyruvate in ventricle fluid=0.91±0.11 mg/dl; and the average value of α-ketoglutaric acid in ventricle fluid=1.47±0.17 mg/dl.
Namely, the concentration of puruvate in these fluids has been found to be in the decrea sing order of blood. ventricle fluid, and spinal fluid of lumbar regions; whereas the concentration of α-ketoglutaric acid has been found highest in ventricle fluid followed by that in blood spinal fluid of lumbar region in that order.
3. After extracting blood from elbow vein, spinal fluid from lumbar regions, ventricle fluid, and subarachnoid fluid from the surface of the brain under various conditions, the amounts of two acids contained in the subarachnoid fluid are about equal to those in the spinal fluid of lumbar region.

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With the purpose to study the effect of chlorpromazine on body fluids in vivo, especially the changes in the amounts of pyruvate and α-ketoglutaric acid in ventricle fluid, spinal fluid of lumbar region and blood, the author estimated according to Shimazono-Shimizu method the amounts of pyruvate and α-ketoglutaric acid in blood and spinal fluids obtained from schizophrenic patients at rest or after adminstration of the optimum dosage of chlorpromazine (C. P.) or iaomytal (Iso) and given lobotomy. The results are as follows:
1. No marked difference between the amount of pyruvate or α-ketoglutaraic acid in the venous blood obtained from the persons at rest with empty stomach and the same obtained after the administration of 200 mg C. P for lO days or intramascular injection of 50 mg C. P.
2. In the estimation of two acid amounts in ventricle fluid, spinal fluid of lumbar regions and elbow venous blood obtained at about the same time after intramascular injection of 100 mg C. P, it has been found to be in the order of the amount of pyruvate in blood>the same in ventricle fluid>that in spinal fluid of lumbar region. The amount of α-ketoglutaric acid proves to be in the order of that in ventricle fluid>that in blood>that in spinal fluid of lumbar region. Each of these values shows a slightly decreasing tendency as compared with those in the control to which no drug has been administered.
3. After the intravenous administration of 0.5 g Isomytal (Iso) the amounts of both acids distributed at various sites have been estimated in the same manner as above. In this instance the amounts of pyruvate and α-ketoglutaric acid distributed at different sites show about the same tendency as observed in the control as well as in the cases given C. P. However, when these values are compared with those given C, P. and those at each site, the values of both acids in blood and in spinal fluid at lumbar region show a decreasing teudency as compared with the control, but in ventricle fluid the amount of α-ketoglutaric acid is slightly increased.
In other words, it appears that the changes in the amount of α-ketoglutaric acid in cerbral fluid behave differently from those in the case given C. P. Moreover, this phenomenon seems to be due to the difference in the mechanism of C. P. and Iso. acting on the brain.

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In order to study the mechanism of glutamic acids involved in the metabolisms of pyruvate and α-ketoglutaric acid in blood, spinal fluid of lumbar region, and ventricle fluid, the author gave oral administration of dailydosage of 15 g sodium glutamate for five days to schizophrenic patients without any apparent disorders of organs, and determined the amounts of both acids in blood when the patients were at rest both before and after the sodium glutamate administration. Then after lobotomy, blood, spinal fluid of lumbar regions and ventricle Fluid were drawn and the contents of both acids in these fluids were determined in the same manner as mentioned above. As the results:
1. In the estimations of both acids in the blood drawn both before and after the administration of sodium glutamate to the patient at rest, no fixed tendency suggestive of the effect of this drug could be recognized.
2. In the cases where lobotomy had been performed after administration of sodium glutamate and the contents of both acids were determined, and the following results were obtained:
1. The amount of pyruvate in blood=1.00±0.06 mg/dl;
the amount of α-ketoglutarate in blood=0.41±0.06 mg/dl;
the amount of pyruvate in spinal fluid of lumbar region=0.69±0.02 mg/dl;
the amount of α-ketoglutaric acid in spinal fluid of lumbar region=0.35±0.03 mg/dl;
pyruvate in ventricle fluid=0.80±0.02 mg/dl; and
α-ketoglutaric acid in ventricle fluid=1.83±0.13 mg/dl.
On comparing each of these values with respective values of the control reported in Part 1, both amounts of pyruvate and α-ketoglutaric acid in blood and spinal fluid of lumbar region show a decreasing tendency. This phenomenon seems to be due to the tranquilizing effect of sodium glutamate on the central nervous system or to improved liver function due to this drug. On the other hand, in the case of the ventricle fluid the pyruvate content was less than that in the control, and the content of α-ketoglutaric acid was somewhat increased. This fact seems to indicate that glutamic acid is involved in the metabolism of ketoacid in the cerebral fluid and is also associated with the glutamic acid metabolism in the brain, and also it is suggestive of some significance relative to the supply of glutamic acids in the brain.

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In order to study the effect on growth of bacteria of some compounds served as nitrogen source, the author observed the effects of addition of these compounds by paper disc method on the synthetic agar media containing 0.1% glucose and 0.04% peptone. The species of bacteria used were Staph. aureus, Staph. albus, Sal. enteritidis, Sal. typhi 57 S and R, Sal. paratyphi A, Sal. paratyphi B, Sal. paratyphy C, Sal. typhi murium, Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri 2 a, which were stock-cultured in the author's laboratory. And the results were as follows.
1) The paper disc method, the author adopted, showed the advantages, in that the method could detect the effect of several nitrogen sources very easily and simultaneously.
2) In this examinations, it was beneficial for reading the effect to prepare the basal nutrient media to each species tested, so as to grow the bacteria merely around the paper disc.
3) Nicotinic acid exerted the marked effect of growth stimulation on Staphylococcus and Shigella.
And cystine showed some effect of stimulation on almost all species.

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Using the fluid media containing any one member out of eleven amino acids and nicotic acid or certain combination of them, the author studied the effect of these nitrogen sources on the growth of some species of Staphylococcus, Salmonella and Shigella, that were the departmental stock of author's laboratory.
And the following results were obtained.
1) It was found that Staph. aureus and Staph. albus required many species of amino nitrogen and growth factors. The author failed to culture them in the media described above, for the lack of some required components for their growth.
2) Sal. enteritidis and Sal. typhi murium could grow sufficiently in the media containing merely ammonium nitrogen, but the extra addition of cystine to the media showed the marked increase of growth.
3) The growth of Sal. typhi 57 S and R were accelerated by the addition of sulfur containing amino acids, cystine and methionine, And also glutamic acid and aspartic acid could serve to these micro-organisms as nitrogen source.
Sal. paratyphi A reqired cystine as the essential amino acid, but in the case of Sal. paratyphi B and C it was effective to add glutamic acid and phenylalanine to the basal media.
4) Nicotinic acid seved as the essential factor to the Shigella species, Shigella sonnei and Shgella flexneri 2 a; in addition, aspartic acid showed the stimulation for growth.

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Using eleven species of bacteria described in the preceeding paper, the author observed the fluctuation of the growth of bacteria cultured by serial transfer through ten generations on the synthetic fluid media prepared carefully its amino nitrogen contents, and investigated the fluctuation of the enzyme activity of bacteria.
1) The all species of bacteria except Staphylococcus could be cultured succesfully through ten generations on the synthetic fluid media contained simply few species of amino acids. Moreover, the cellular amount yielded was fairly abundant, so it was suitable preparation for study of its metabolism. It was observed on Sal. enteritidis and Sal. typhi murium that the growth of bacteria increased with the progress of transfers.
2) In the light of O₂-uptake by Warburg's manometer, the author compared the enzyme activity to four substrates, i. e. glucose, lactic acid, succinic acid and glutamic acid, of the bacteria cultured in the synthetic fluid media by serial trasfers with that of the bacteria cultured normally. Generally, that activity of the former was reduced than that of the latter. But the activities of Sal. typhi 57 S and Shigella flexineri 2 a to glucose and that of Shigella sonnei to glucose and glutamic acid were risen.

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After injecting intravenously an appropriate dose of the antigen serum calculated from the binding zone and the blood volume by Ogata's antibody dilution method to 23 dogs sensitized with bovine serum, it was possible to bring about the maximum fall of blood pressure well over 80 per cent (average, 88.8 per cent) within 30 minutes. In the case of other 21 sensitized dogs given intravenous injection of 10 mg/kg Benadryl 30 minutes prior to the reinjection, the maximum fall of blood pressure in 1-79 per cent (average, 43 per cent) was elicited after injecting the same dose of the antigen; and in a few instances the fall of blood pressure was practically protected. Such a suppressive effect of Benadryl was evidently more marked than the effect on the blood pressure fall induced by histamine.
In Benadryl-treated dogs, a rise of the portal pressure in anaphylaxis was slower and milder although the inhibition of the elevation by histamine was more complete.
Benadryl in anaphylaxis showed a more incomplete inhibition on the acceleration of the lymph flow from the thoracic duct and on the increase in protein of the lymph than that on the similar changes induced by histamine. The duration of incoagulation of the lymph in anaphylaxis was shortened in Benadryl-treated dogs.
When Benadryl was added to antibody serum in vitro or in vivo (by intravenous injection), the precipitin reaction (by the method of diluting antibody) was suppressed. In the case of sensitized dogs previously injected with Benadryl, after antigen reinjection a considerable amount of antibody (precipitin) not consumed in reaction remained in circulating blood, gradually decreasing up to 48 hours later; whereas in unprotected dogs precipitin was found to have disappeared promptly after the reinjection.
These findings indicate that Benadryl inhibits the union of antigen and antibody through some reversible means. Consequently, it appears that this anti-anaphylactic effect of Benadryl observed in dogs is caused not solely by the counteraction against histamine being released. The fact that. Benadryl has only shown a much weaker inhibition on the congestion of the liver as reflected by the increase in portal pressure and thoracic lymph flow than that on the fall of arterial pressure suggests that the sluice reaction of hepatic vein is caused by “intrinsic histamine” released and/or some smooth muscle stimulating factors other than histamine.

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In the bovine serum anaphylaxis of the dog the histamine content in blood plasma was increased about 33 times and in the thoracic lymph 40 times that before reinjection. In the dogs injected with 10 mg/kg Benadryl 30 minutes prior to reinjection the maximum increase of the plasma histamine was only 4.5 times and that of lymph histamine also only 4.5 time (the average of three cases in each).
In the unprotected sensitized dogs the histamine content of the liver was reduced by 54 per cent and about 6 mg of histamine was depleted of the whole liver, and 29 per cent of the skin histamine and 1 mg histamine reduced from the whole skin, under a similar shock. Histamine release from the skeletal muscle could not be recognized in any dog. In Benadrylprotected dogs 17.4 per cent of histamine was released from the liver; 2.2 mg from the whole liver; 14 per cent from the skin; and 0.3 mg from the whole skin (the average of 3 cases in each).
These results support the contention that Benadryl inhibits the union of antibody (precipitin) and antigen in the dog in anaphylaxis as reported in the preceding part of this series of studies.

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Experiment was carried out to see the changes in anaphylactic reactions and in the release of histamine from the liver and skin in the dogs of which histamine was previously depleted by a histamine liberator, sinomenine; and in addition, the effects of combined use of sinomenine and antihistamines were studied.
In the sensitized dogs receiving a single intravenous injection of 3 mg/kg sinomenine or repeated injections of the same dose for 5 days, general symptoms of anaphylaxis were evidently milder than those in untreated control; and the maximum fall of blood pressure in 11 dogs was 4-58 per cent (average 24.4 per cent), whereas it was 80-100 per cent (average 88.8 per cent) in 23 dogs of untreated controls.
In these sinomenine-treated dogs the increase in flow of the thoracic lymph and the rise of protein content of the lymph in anaphylaxis were lesser and the duration of incoagulation of lymph was shorter than in the case of the control.
In the dogs given repeated subcutaneous injections of sinomeine the, histamine release from the liver and skin in anaphylaxis was clearly less than that in untreated controls. Approximately the same results were obtained in the case of combined use of sinomenine with 3 mg/kg of Benadryl or Neoantergan. The precipitin reaction in sensitized dogs was not interfered by pretreatment with sinomenine.
From these results it was concluded that the release of tissue histamine is largely responsible for anaphylactic reactions in dogs.

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The author, in view of the interesting influence of Photosensitizing dye, Platonin (thiazolocyanine) upon blood disk made an experiment also on O₂ uptake of the blood in vitro and in vivo, and obtained results as follows:
1) There were about 9.0 ul O₂ uptake during one hour of 1.0 ml defibrinated blood of normal rabbit.
2) The addition of Platonin to the normal rabbit's blood in vitro serves to decrease O₂ uptake and has proved that preservable time is prolonged in ice box.
3) Putting CO gas into normal rabbit's blood in vitro has proved to increase O₂ uptake and to reduce the preservable time in ice box.
4) Putting CO gas into the rabbit's blood in vitro which previously administrated Platonin has scarcely influenced Platonin upon O₂ uptake of blood.
5) On the contrary, the addition of Platonin to the blood in vitro which put CO gas into blood beforehand, has also shown no effect from Platonin upon O₂ uptake.
6) The injection of CO gas to normal rabbit has shown quickening in O₂ uptake of blood, and the longer the time of gas injection is, the greater the degree of quickening of O₂ uptake is.
7) The administration of Platonin to the normal rabbit has proved to decrease O₂ uptake, especially in the administration of pro kg 10 γ and 25γ than 5γ and 50γ.
8) After the administration of Platonin to normal rabbits, the injection of CO gas has proved the marked decrease of O₂ uptake of the blood.
9) After the injecting CO gas to normal rabbits, the administration of Platonin has scarcely shown effect of O₂ uptake of the blood.

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The author carried out the follow-up macroscopic aspects on 209 scars of incised wounds on the skin in 114 patients (of them 94 patients were of the age ranging from 6 years to 18 years old) for a quite long period of time from the time immediately after operation. In the compatative studies conducted on the microscopic aspects on 93 human scars (of these the longest one was followed up for 23 years and the shortest for 18 days after operation) and on the aspects of the biopsy of experimental young dogs (the biopsy was taken frequently for the duration of 100 days after operation), it has been found that these scars following aseptical incision, does not contract but widen in its width and bulge up. This finding does not agree with the opinion that generally the scars have the tendency to contract. Therefore, with the purpose to clarify the cause for this strange tendency, the author carried out periodical observations on the regenerated corium, and obtained the following results.
1. In macroscopic aspects it has been reveased that the widening and bulging up of scar of incised wound have a great deal to do with the direction of the wound and Langer's line and that even the direction of the wound follows the Langer's line the widening and bulging also differ according to the different sites of the wound.
2. Although the epithelium is regenerated 7-10 days after operation, in the corium the regeneration of collagenous fibers is a good deal delayed, especially those in Stratum reticularis are hardly regenerated.
3. Threads are usually pulled out at this stage, and therefore, it is but natural to have the width of scar widen after pulling threads out.
4. In the case of bulging scar, fibroblasts in the middle layer of the corium are excessively proliferated, and this due to the marginal tension of the scar; especially in the case where the regeneration of the mddle layer of the corium is delayed, and this layer as the locus minoris is stimulated and fibroblasts proliferate there excessively.
5. The direct cause of the widening and bulging is the marginal tension pulling the scar apart, and in the case of asceptically incised wound the extent to which the scar is widened and bulged depends not only on the degree of the marginal tension but also on other factors involved in the regeneration of collagenous and elastic fibers of an individual.
6. The one that plays a main role in the regeneration of the corium layer of the wound is the collagenous fibers of both margins of the wound, and the epithelium and subcutaneous fat tissues are not involved in this process.
With the purpose to suture securely the margins of the incised wound for 4 months, the time required by the regenerated connective tissues of the wound to acquire a sullicient ability to connect both margins of scar, the author devised “a completely-embedded intracutaneous continuous suture” with fine stainless wire less stimulating in vivo, and applied this method of suturing to cutting edges of young dogs and man. As the results the author successfully obtained a fine and lineal scar which not only substantiates the above theory that the direct carsative factor of the widening and bulging is the marginal tension of the incised wound but also gives satisfactory cosmetic results.

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The flagella of Bacillus Proteus were purified according to Fukumi's method. To these purified flagella, antiserum and human γ-globulin were added, and the morphological change was electron microscopically observed. The results were briefly summarized as follows:
1) For the purification of flagella, homogenation for 15 seconds is the best.
2) The purified flagella of Bacillus proteus had a rope structure.
3) After the addition of antiserum, agglutination figure of flagella was electron-microscopically observed.
4) The enlargement of flagella, however, could not be observed after the addition of antiserum.
5) The grade of agglutination of flagella goes in parallel with the grade of dilution of antiserum
6) The addition of human γ-globulin did not cause agglutination, and there was observed only the adsorbing figure of globulin particles on them.

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In the experiment of massive transfusion of compatible preserved blood on dogs, Na-, Cl-, K-, total Ca- and Ca-ion-concentration were determined, and electrocardiograms were taken of each case as reference simultaneously. These electrolytes were also determined on patients needed massive transfusion during surgery, and Na- and K-concentration in plasma of preserved blood were traced day by day. Results obtained are as follows:
1) In the blood stored in ice box of 2° to 5°C of temperature the serum potassium was increased, on the contrary lowered the serum sodium.
2) On massive transfusion of preserved blood, concentration of serum electrolytes of recipients showed minimum fluctuation.
3) The fluctuation of electrolytes was not significantly related to the transfusion rate, nor the preservation period of blood transfused.
4) Serum calcium-ion level was determined on the patients showed hemorrhagic tendency during surgery, but no noticeable correlation was observed.
5) The electrocardiograms showed no significant findings.
6) In the control experiment of fresh blood transfusion, the serum electrolytes did not show marked changes.
From the results obtained above, it is concluded that massive transfusion of preserved blood is not dangerous in a sense of serum electrolyte level, although it is preferable to transfuse fresh blood in the following cases; cases in the conditions which will cause hyperpotassemia, infant, cases under hypothermia and impaired calcium metabolism, or cases with circulatory disturbances.

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In the experiment of massive transfusion of preserved blood on dogs, Na- and K-concentration in blood cells, Na-, Cl-, K- and Ca- concentration in urine, and water volume and Na-, Cl-, K- and Ca-concent ration in tissues were determined. Results obtained are as follows:
1) Following blood transfusion, Na-concentration was decreased and K-concentration increased in blood cells of recipients.
2) After blood transfusion, Na- and Cl-concentration were decreased, K- and Ca-concentration increased in the urine.
3) Water content was increased in every tissue investigated after blood transfusion.
4) After blood transfusion, Na-, Cl- and K-concentration in tissues were increased, Ca-concentration decreased.
5) In the control experiment of fresh blood transfusion, the changes of Na- and K-concentration in blood cells, in urine and in tissues were nearly neglectable.
From the above, it was concluded that the serum electrolytes were well regulated in mechanism of their intercurrence and excretion intra and extra-cellularly.

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A review of nine cases who developed reactivation of residual foci in the ipsilateral lung after pulmonary resection was given. The incidence was 1.3 per cent among 700 resections for pulmonary tuberculosis performed in National Okayama Sanatorium up to 1956. Following results were obtained.
1) Reactivation occurred between from 8 months to 2 years and 2 months after surgery. Conversion to positive sputum was noted earlier than the changes in roentgenogram in most cases.
2) All had cavitary diseases for which resection was done and most of them discharged strongly positive sputum before surgery.
3) Chemotherapy before resection was short term with small doses in most cases except the last four who had relativery large amount of antimicrobial drugs during postoperative priod. None of five cases where sensitibity test to antituberculous drugs were made, developed resistancy to more than two kinds of drugs.
4) Expansion of the remaining lung was considered to be overexpansion in none of them though expansion of each segment was not uniform but it was marked in the adjacent segment to the resected one.
5) Reactivation of residual foci occurred only in the adjacent segment inspite of that residual foci in the other segment or in the contralateral lung showed improvement in some of them.
6) Reactivations were controlled in two by chemotherapy, one by resection, two by cavitary drainage and two by thoracoplasty. One who was treated by thoracoplasty combined with long term chemotherapy got worse and the other one who was not rehospitalized showed no change.

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It was recognized that overxpansion of the remaining lung might be predominant cause for reactivation of residual foci. Comparative studies were made on sixty-eight cases among 700 resections who were followed up more than one year after resection and had been known to have residual foci. All had brochographic examinations before and after operation. Following results were obtained.
1) None of factors except overexpansion could be considered to be in intimate relation with reactivation of residual foci.
2) The mode of reexpansion of the remaining lung was classified into five types. Uniform expansion and displacement of each segment were seen in very few cases. Compensatory expansion of the adjacent segment to the resected one were seen in most cases, especially displacement of segments located anteriorly was frequently encountered.
3) Diameter of peripheral bronchus was measured on both pre-and postoperative bronchograms and the ratio was calculated. It increased in proportion to the degree of displacement and expansion of the remaining lung, that is, expansion of the lung was followed by dilatation of the bronchus.
4) Diameter of the bronchus of compensatorily expanded segment was within 1.4 times compared to preoperative value in non-reactivated group and more than 1.5 times in rectivation group.
5) Reactivation of residual foci developed in the segment associated with compensatory dilatation of the bronchus. As dilatation of the bronchus was merely secodary change, it could be concluded that reactivation in the ipsilateral lung was caused by overexpansion.

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For further consideration of other factors except overexpansion, a review of 119 cases among 700 resections was made where small foci were palpated in the remaining lung at the time of operation and who were followed up more than one year after surgery. Copmarative studies were made regarding to incidence of postoperative complications and the rate of improvement of residual foci on these cases. Following results were obtained.
1) Reactivation occurred more frequenfly in the group of patients with cavitary disease discharging strongly positive sputum. As it was the case in incidence of postoperative complications, these factors were not considered to be predominant to reactivation. No relationship was noticed between reactivation and extent of residual lesions.
2) Incidence of reactivation and postoperative complications were different depending upon doses and duration of chemotherapy given pre and postoperatively. However, no correlation was found between improvement of residual foci and doses of chemotherapy.
3) There was found no correlation between the rate of reactivation and the duration of postoperative hospitalization.
4) The rate of reactivation was the same in both the cases who had postresectional thoracoplasty with resection of less than 4 ribs and who did not have thoracoplasty.
5) Reactivation occurred in the cases where displacement of the remaining lung was more than moderate degree, however, it was found only 18.2 per cent even in those where displacement of the lung was marked.
These findings suggest of that several factors except overexpansion of the remaining lung were not definte causes of reactivation, though they might favor to its occurrence.

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The author has studied on the Capillary Permeability Promoting (C. P. P.) Action of cancer toxin and its genesis, obtaining following results.
1) Cancer extract, toxohormone and urine extract of cancer patients have C. P. P. action.
2) A capillary permeable substance, which is heat-resisting and diffusive, is extracted from cancer tissue. This substance has a notable difference in sampling as compared with the capillary permeability of toxohormone and urine extract of cancer patients, and is contained in the globulin fraction on ammonium sulfate method. The substance is found to belong in the polypeptides group according to the results obtained above and to proteineand amino acid tests.
3) In the serum of rabbit administered cancer toxin C. P. P. action and fibrinolysis are observed, and these two actions are significantly interrelated in sampling
4) The C. P. P. action and fibrinolysis produced by administration of cancer toxin are thought to be derived from activation of profibrinolysin to fibrinolysin followed by appearance of permeability of cappillaries.
5) On the study of C. P. P. substance in cancer tissue, used radioactive isotope P³² as a tracer, function of reticuloendothelial cells is declined and that of mesenchymal cells is accelerated.
From the expermental results described above, the action of C. P. P. substance in cancer tissue is considered to play an important role on the growth of cancer and occurrence of cachexia, on thinking the fibrinolysis and the functional decline of cells of the reticuloendothelial system.

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The fixed points of the human cerebral motor area were stimulated electrically by square waves and the effects of altering parameters upon motor response were studied.
1) Under constant frequency of stimulation longer duration required a lower threshold. It was shown also by subcortical stimulation but the threshold was higher than that by cortical stimulation.
2) Under constant frequency of stimulation, changing of stimulating duration produced no altering of motor response at all.
3) Under constant duration of stimulation, low frequency produced a movement of distal joint but higher frequency produced proximal joint.
4) At the low frequencies, the responses followed the rate of stmulation; at higher frequencies smooth movements occurred; at very high frequencies quick jerky movements were observed.
5) At high frequencies, higher threshold produced also a motor response of proximal joint. From this fact it is regarded that the altering of motor response is not influenced by liminal voltage.
From above mentioned the mechanism of altering effects upon motor responses caused by changing of stimulating frequencies is easily cleared. The reasons are due to the intricating arrangement of representations in motor cortex and the differences of threshold in every center depend upon number of cells, which are required for the motor response.

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In order to study some physiological aspects of bacteria, using Sal. typhi 57 S as the test organism, the author measured the oxidation-reduction potential of the culture media with the lapse time. Salt solution, bouillon and M/50 phosphate buffer were used as the fundamental culture media, and lactate and glucose as the substrates. The results were as follows:
1) The potential of the liquid media of Sal. typhi 57 S is lower in longer time culture. By separation of bactera, this potential rapidly rises by about 60 to 70%, and then becomes stable, though still shows the tendency of some rise. By re-pouring the separated bacteria into the original culture media, the potential falls again, and this fall is generally milder when the first culture time is shorter.
2) There are a symmetrical correlation between the increasing rate of growing bacteria and the rising rate of potential of the culture media by separation of bacteria.
3) In a medium, in which a collodion membrane is placed to separate the bacteriacontaining and non-containing part, the fall of potential is more marked in the part far from the bacteria-containing part, and, on the contrary, the potential of the bacteria-containing part shows a rising tendency. This phenomenon is marked when the two parts are separated by cellophane or bladder membrane, and not so marked by filter paper.

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Using Salmonella typhi 57 S and Staphylococcns aureus (Terashima) as the test organisms, the author measured the fall of potential in the upper, midle and lower layers of salt solution media. The results are summarized as follows:
1) In the culture media of Sal. typhi 57 S containing 10^-2M glucose, the potential fall in each layer is a few times greater than that in the media without any substrate. This phenomenon is more marked in the media containing 200 mg bacteria than in those containing 100 or 150 mg.
2) In the media containing pyruvate, lactate or succinate, the fall of potential is greater in the upper layer, namely in an aerobic part, with the exception of the media of Staph. aureus containing succinate as its substrate.
3) In the upper and middle layers of the culture media of Sal. typhi containing glutamate as its substrate, asparagine was proved paper-chromatographically. In the lower layer, asparagine could not be proved, and there was observed the fall of integration potential about 2.2 times that in the upper and middle layers.
4) In the culture media of Sal. typhi containing 10^-2M glucose and alanine, glutamate was paper-chromatographically proved in all of the upper, middle and lower layers, and the fall of integration potential in the middle and lower layers was 2.2 to 2.5 times greater than that in the upper layer. In the combined administrations of glucose and other amino acids than alanine, the fall of integration potential in the middle and lowe layers was never beyond 1.6 times of that in the upper layer.

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The author has had an experiment on the changes by death, of the vegetative Plankton (Diatoms) in the organs of drowned bodies at spring and autumn, and has acquired the following results:
1) There were 11 diatoms from the water of the river which has been had for this experiment. Among these 11, 8 diatoms such as Cymbella naviculiformis, Cymbella parva, Navicula Placentula, Navicula radiosa, Nitzschia filiformis, Melosira islandica, Cyclotella comta and Rhopalodia gibba were found in the lung on the 20 th day after death and in the femur on 60 th day.
2) There were 24 among 11 kinds of diatoms which were found in the heart, liver and kidney on the 20 th day after death, the utmost limited time for use.
3) The diatoms which has been considered in the strength for resisting to decomposition were Cymbella parva, Melosira islandica, Cyclotella comta and Rhopalodia gibba.
4) From the results of these observations, the author has acquired the knowledges, which discovered the diatoms from the organs such as lung, heart, liver, kidney and femur of drowned bodies as far as they can be taken (used). This is supposed to be the basis in determining whether drowning is the cause of death.

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There are many kinds of free amino-acids in the brain, most of which are glutamic acid, glutamine, asparatic acid. asparagine, γ-aminobutyric acid etc. The author has investigated the influences of these amino-acids upon the glucose metabolism in the brain of the normal and the cerebral local anaphylactic (C. L. A.) rabbits.
Glutamic acid, glutamine and γ-aminobutyric acid accelerate the utilization of glucose in the brain of the normal as well as the C. L. A. rabbits, aspartic acid and asparagine accelerate that of glucose in the C. L. A. rabbits, while they have no influence on that in the normal.
It is clarified that all of these amino-acids have the function to restore the decreased utilization of glucose in the C. L. A. rabbits to more than the normal level.

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The influences of the free amino-acids upon the glucose metabolism were investigated in the cerebral cortex removed from the epileptogenics and non-epileptogenics.
Glucose metabolism decreased in the epileptogenic cerebral cortex, compared with the nonepileptogenic one.
In the non-epileptogenic cerebral cortex, these free aminoacids accelerate the utilization of glucose, in the following order of γ-aminobutyric acid, aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamine, glutamic acid from the most to the least, while in the epileptogenic one in the order of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, asparagine, γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamine.
These amino-acids have more pronounced function to accelerate the glucose metabolism in the epileptogenic brain than the nonepileptogenic.

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Recently chlorpromazine is being widely used in clinics and the literature on its side effect is quite abundant, but the report on the acute intoxication caused by this drug is extremely rare.
In the present paper we have made a case report on an acute intoxication encountered with a schizophrenic patient who took 1, 750 mg of chlorpromazine in an attempt to commit suicide, but was cured about three days later. Rare experiences we had with this case have been discussed.

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