Okayama Igakkai Zasshi (Journal of Okayama Medical Association)

The effect of L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid on ³H-proline uptake into rat incisor dentin

Hiroshi NAGAI, Kazunori SUZUKI, Hiroko SUDO

1983 Volume 95 Issue 1-2 Pages 1-15
Published: February 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.95.1-2_1

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In the present study the effect of L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid on uptake of ³H-proline into incisor dentin of young rats is investigated.
For the experiment, ³H-proline (50mCi/g) and L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (1 mg/g) were simultaneously injected into rats. The first rat was killed 10 min, the second one 30 min, the third one 1 hr, the fourth one 6 hr, and the last one 24 hr after the injection. The upper and lower incisors were used for light and electron microscopic autoradiography. In the control, the same procedure was performed but with an injection of 50mCi/g of ³H-proline only.
Quantitative analysis of ³H-proline incorporation into dentin and pulp of the upper incisors was done and radioactivity was counted by a liquid scintillation-counter.
In the control group, at 10 and 30 min after the injection, grains were found in odontoblasts. At 1 and 6 hr after the injection, they were distributed in the predentin, and the grains were in the dentin 24 hr after the injection.
In the treated group, on the other hand, grains were found in odontoblasts at 30 min and 6 hr. Moreover, the grains in the treated group were distributed rather sparsely. The result of the quantitative analysis by a liquid scintillation-counter indicated that the amount of ³H-proline incorporated into dentin in the treated group was about one third of that in the control. No significant difference was found in the pulps between the treated and the control animals.

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Studies on the immunological abnormalities in patients with Behçet's disease

Part 1. Complement system in patients with Behçet's disease

Michinori YAMAMOTO

1983 Volume 95 Issue 1-2 Pages 17-24
Published: February 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.95.1-2_17

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In a study of the complement system in patients with Behçet's disease, hemolytic activity of CH50 and ACH50 and the complement components C4, C3, C5, C8, C9 and factor B were assessed and compared to the CRP, α₂-globulin level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate which are parameters of inflammation.
As the controls, those suspected of having Behçet's disease and those with diabetes mellitus and rheumatoid arthritis were compared with those having Behçet's disease.
(1) In Behçet's disease, both CH50 and ACH50 were high. Of the complement components, not only C4 and C3 but also C5, C8, C9 and factor B showed an increase. Particularly, the increase of C9 and factor B were conspicious.
(2) The complement components showed an acute phase protein charactor which was stronger in C5, C8 and C9 than in C4 and C3. It appeared that the strongest was C9 among the complement components studied.
(3) The definite type of Behçet's disease showed higher values of CH50, C5 and C9 than the probable type of Behçet's disease. This fact will be helpful in differentiating one from the other.

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Studies on the immunological abnormalities in patients with Behçet's disease

Part 2. Autoantibodies and immune complexes in patients with Behçet's disease

Michinori YAMAMOTO

1983 Volume 95 Issue 1-2 Pages 25-34
Published: February 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.95.1-2_25

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The incidence of various autoantibodies and immune complexes in 66 patients with Behçet's disease was studied.
(1) Antilymphocyte antibody(ALA) was detected in 17(54.8%) out of 31 cases, antinuclear antibody(ANA) in 9(13.6%) out of 66 cases, antithyroglobulin antibody(TGHA) in 2(6.1%) out of 33 cases, antimicrosomal antibody(MCHA) in 5(13.9%) out of 36 cases and rheumatoid factor(RF) in 1(1.5%) out of 66 cases. These antibodies tended to be found in the incomplete type of Behçet's disease.
(2) Immune complexes were detected in 1(5.3%) out of 19 cases by C1q solid-phase radioimmunoassay and in 8(42.1%) out of 19 cases by conglutinin solid-phase radioimmunoassay, demonstrating a considerable difference in sensitivity depending on the assay system.
(3) Antinuclear antibody was found often in the cases without steroid therapy. The staining pattern was speckled, and the titer was low, up to 32 fold.
(4) Antilymphocyte antibody was of a lower titer than SLE but·showed the same titer as the patients positive for HBs antigen. The immunoglobulin class was mainly IgM, and 6 out of 15 cases showed cytotoxicity against T cell. ALA was not inversely proportional to the peripheral blood lymphocyte count and showed low values in patients administered steroid hormone.
Autoantibodies such as ALA and immune complexes were detected in patients with Behçet's disease, suggesting that the autoimmunization mechanism existed in patients with Behçet's disease. ALA was found at the high incidence of 72.2% in the incomplete type of Behçet's disease. Thus, it appears necessary to restudy this disease from the standpoint of viral infection.

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Identification of sphingoglycolipids in a patient regarded as having Fabry's disease

Junko FUJII, Kenichiro KIGUCHI, Akihide NAGATA, Reiko KARIYAMA, Yoshik ...

1983 Volume 95 Issue 1-2 Pages 35-40
Published: February 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.95.1-2_35

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Fabry's disease is one of the inherited diseases, in which sphingoglycolipids accumulate systemically in tissue as the result of defective α-galactosyl hydrolase. In this paper, we studied a 54 year-old female who had complaints of leg pain, palpebral edema and telangiectasis and in whom foam cells in renal biopsy as well as proteinuria in urinalysis were revealed. As an increase of sphingoglycolipids was discovered in her urinary sediment by biochemical analysis, this patient was shown to be suffering from Fabry's disease.

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Cytochalasin B-induced morphological changes of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells

Masaaki IMANAKA

1983 Volume 95 Issue 1-2 Pages 41-59
Published: February 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.95.1-2_41

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Cell morphological changes induced by cytochalasin B were investigated in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells with light and electron microscopes. Cytochalasin B (10 μg/ml) induced zeiotic knobs around the cell surface. These knobs gathered to one pole of the cell surface where cells were treated at 37°C for 10 min but not at low temperature and low concentration of cytochalasin B. The migration of knobs was concomitant with the grouping of microvilli and, as a result, the cell surface became smooth except for the knob grouping area.
To study the behavior of cell surface molecules during the knob formation induced by cytochalasin B, cells labeled with cationized ferritins were treated with cytochalasin B. Cationized ferritins themselves induced cap formation in these cells. Zeiotic knobs formed by cytochalasin B gathered at the cationized ferritin-induced cap area.
These results suggest that cationized ferritin-induced capping and cytochalasin B-induced knob migration were closely related. The linkage of cell surface molecules to the action site of cytochalasin B was also suggested. The action site of cytochalasin B was discussed in relation to the above results and in relation to experiments using Concanavalin A.

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Studies on leukemia in the aged

1. Clinical studies on hypoplastic leukemia

Toshio NAKANISHI

1983 Volume 95 Issue 1-2 Pages 61-70
Published: February 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.95.1-2_61

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Hypoplastic leukemia has been found frequently in the aged, but its clinical characteristics in relation to age are still obscure. In the present study, clinical and hematological findings from 17 elderly hypoplastic acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) patients were compared with those from 25 elderly typical AML patients. In hypoplastic AML in the old, fever, bleeding tendency, splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy tended to be less frequent. Leukocytopenia, a low percentage of leukemic cells, and lymphocytosis and monocytosis in the peripheral blood seemed to be characteristic of hypoplastic AML. Erythroid hyperplasia with maturation arrest and an increase of type III sideroblasts in the bone marrow were also recognized in hypoplastic cases. In cases without systemic chemotherapy, the median survival from the presumptive onset of leukemia were 12.0 months in hypoplastic patients and 2.5 months in typical patients. In cases with systemic chemotherapy, the median survival of hypoplastic patients was 8.0 months and that of typical patients, 6.5 months. These findings suggest that there is a close relationship between hypoplastic AML in the old and smoldering acute leukemia. On the basis of the present results, hypoplastic AML in the old is thought to be different from typical AML in the old not only clinically and hematologically but also in the response to chemotherapy. The stratification of the hypoplasia in the bone marrow should be examined in order to establish the optimal chemotherapeutic regimen for acute leukemia in the old.

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Studies on leukemia in the aged

2. Prognostic factors in leukemia

Toshio NAKANISHI

1983 Volume 95 Issue 1-2 Pages 71-78
Published: February 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.95.1-2_71

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The prognostic factors in acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) in the old were evaluated in order to examine its optimal treatment. Items studied in the present paper were sex, age, fever, organomegaly, peripheral white blood cell counts, percentage of leukemic cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow, platelet counts, the presence of Auer bodies and combination chemotherapy and its clinical efficacy. In typical AML in the old, prolongation of survival was recognized in patients treated with a systemic combination chemotherapy, and fever was thought to be a sign of an unfavorable prognosis. On the other hand, clinical efficacy of the systemic combination chemotherapy was not recognized in hypoplastic AML in the old. Organomegaly was determined to be a sign of an unfavorable prognosis. These results suggested that the optimal treatment schedule should be established on the basis of not only the bone marrow status but also the prognostic factors presented here.

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Conversion of phosphatidylglycerol to cardiolipin in the cell membrane of Staphylococcus aureus

Kenichiro KIGUCHI

1983 Volume 95 Issue 1-2 Pages 79-87
Published: February 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.95.1-2_79

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The conversion of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) to cardiolipin (CL) in isolated Staphylococcal cell membrane was studied to clarify the physiological role of the reaction in the membrane. CL content in the isolated membrane was about 20% of the total phospholipids and that of PG was 50%. When the isolated membrane was kept at optimal conditions, the CL content increased to 50% and that of PG decreased to 20%. The optimal pH range of the reaction was between 3.0 and 5.0, and the optimal temperature was between 30 and 50°C. The reaction appeared to be completed within three minutes with an apparent Vmax of 74 nmoles CL produced/min/mg of membrane protein. The maximum CL content that could be reached in the membrane was no more than 60%. The reaction was mediated by cardiolipin synthetase in the membrane. The mode of the reaction seemed to be different from that of previous reports (Short S. A. and White D. C. J. Bacteriol. 1972, and Burrit M. F. and Henderson T. O. J. Bacteriol. 1975) in which the reaction was examined by solubilized enzyme with exogenous PG as the substrate. In comparing the mode of reaction in the membrane with that in the solubilized system, it is reasonable to conclude that CL synthetase is buried in the lipid bilayer with its active site facing toward the inside of the cell. The activity of CL synthetase probably is regulated by the pH of the microenvironment brought about by the chemiosmotic potential of the membrane together with the fluidity of the lipid bilayer.

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Effect of Chlorpromazine on myocardial contractility and hemodynamics

Koichiro YASUHARA

1983 Volume 95 Issue 1-2 Pages 89-97
Published: February 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.95.1-2_89

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Hemodynamic effects of Chlorpromazine (CP) were studied in anesthetized open-chestdogs. Intravenous injection of 1.0mg/kg CP increased heart rate by 20.7%, cardiac output by 14.7%, LVdp/dt/50 by 11.3% and QTc by 0.012, respectively. Systolic shortening of a segment of the heart muscle increased by 9.8% with decreases in end-diastolic length. These changes were inhibited completely by Propranolol and incompletely by Reserpine pretreatment. Blood pressure was lowered by CP, but no response to intravenous Methoxamine was observed 10 min after CP. However, with 10mg/kg of CP injected intravenously, heart rate and LVdp/dt/50 initially decreased markedly, and systolic shortening decreased in association with increases in end-diastolic length. Ten min later, the measurements increased above the control.
These results suggested that CP has α-blocking and β-stimulating action mimicking an α₂-blocker.

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Effects of intracoronary infusion of Chlorpromazine on myocardial performance, regional QTc and coronary hemodynamics in the anesthetized open-chest dog

Koichiro YASUHARA

1983 Volume 95 Issue 1-2 Pages 99-109
Published: February 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.95.1-2_99

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The direct effects of CP on the heart muscle were studied in anesthetized open-chest dogs by intracoronary infusion of chlorpromazine (CP) to LAD in doses of 0.01 and 0.1 mg at the flow ste of 1 ml/min. At 0.01 mg/ml/min of CP, no significant changes in the measurements were observed. At 0.1 mg/ml/min, CP caused a gradual increase in heart rate and CBF of LAD without changes in systemic blood pressure and cardiac output. In the LAD area, systolic expansion of the heart muscle (systolic bulge) occurred in 6 out of 14 dogs (43%). In 8 dogs having no bulge, systolic shortening of segmental myocardium of the infused area decreased by 9.4% and end-systolic length increased, while in the control (LCX) area, systolic shortening of the heart muscle increased markedly with a reduction in the end-diastolic length. Local QTc was prolonged in the LAD area, but did not change in the LCX area. In the LAD area, more prolongation of QTc was observed in the dogs with bulge than the dogs without bulge.
Pretreatment with CoQ₁₀ completely prevented CP-induced bulge. No significant changes in other measurements including QTc were observed in comparison with dogs without CoQ₁₀ pretreatment.
These results suggest that the effects of CP are of direct myocardial suppression and are incompletely preoented by CoQ₁₀ pretreatment.

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Effects of salicylamide on absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of amobarbital and pentobarbital

Hiroyuki YANAI

1983 Volume 95 Issue 1-2 Pages 111-123
Published: February 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.95.1-2_111

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Effects of simultaneously administered salicylamide (SAM) on absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of amobarbital (AMB) and pentobarbital (PEB) were studied. Absorption of AMB from the stomach was depressed by simultaneously administered SAM, but absorption of PEB was not affected by SAM. Absorption of either of them from the small intestines was not affected by the administration of SAM. Movement of AMB or PEB to blood, brain, kidney and liver was markedly depressed by the administration of SAM. Intraveneous injection of AMB or PEB after intraperitoneal injection of SAM increased the blood level of AMB and PEB. The excretory rate of AMB into urine was decreased, and the quantity excreted in 24 hours was increased by the administration of SAM. On the other hand, SAM decreased the excretory quantity of PEB, but it did not affect its excretory rate. Decomposition of AMB and PEB in the supernatant fraction of liver after centrifugation at 9, 000×g was markedly inhibited by SAM. Binding of AMB and PEB to bovine serum albumin was also inhibited by the administration of SAM. The administration of SAM did not have any effect on their partition coefficients.

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Clinical studies on cyclic GMP in pancreatic disease

Rokuro MATSUMOTO

1983 Volume 95 Issue 1-2 Pages 125-133
Published: February 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.95.1-2_125

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Cyclic GMP(cGMP) in the duodenal contents of 12 normal subjects, 16 patients with chronic pancreatitis, 6 with acute pancreatitis, 5 with pancreatic cancer, 12 suspected of having chronic pancreatitis and 5 with cholelithiasis were measured after a single dose of pancreozymin and secretin. In several patients the plasma level of cyclic nucleotides was measured. Cyclic GMP output was increased, but not significantly, by stimulation with pancreozymin and secretin. No significant difference between the normal and any of the pancreatic disease groups was observed in duodenal cGMP output after secretin administration. The participation of cGMP in human pancreatic secretion could not be comfirmed. Cyclic AMP(cAMP) and cGMP were determined to be secreted by different systems. Plasma cAMP level in the liver disease patients was higher than that in normal subjects before stimulation and increased more after stimulation.

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Changes of urinary steroid hormones in amenorrhea

Singo NISHIWAKI

1983 Volume 95 Issue 1-2 Pages 135-148
Published: February 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.95.1-2_135

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In an attempt to clarify the etiology of amenorrhea, some amenorrhea patients were examined for steroid hormone in urine and serum LH-RH tests. LH-RH tests revealed that first grade amenorrhea cases tended to show LH hyper-reactions and FSH normal reactions, while second grade amenorrhea cases showed either insufficient reactions or hyper-reactions to both LH and FSH. The measurement of estradiol and progesterone in the blood revealed no significant differences between two grades.
Concerning first grade amenorrhea, based on the measurements of steroid hormones in the urine, 17-hydroxylase and desmolase activities were significantly high before the administration of dexamethasone, and after the administration, the activities and reaction to HCG stimuli were normal. These results indicated that these enzymes act immoderately and, therefore, influence the ovary functions.
Concerning second grade amenorrhea, one out of the three patients had insufficient reactions to LH-RH tests and showed the same tendency as the first grade amenorrhea cases in regard to 17-hydroxylase and desmolase. The other two patients which had FSH hyper-reactions, however, showed normal though rather low values of 17-hydroxylase and desmolase activities even before dexamethasone administration. This tendency was further intensified by administration of dexamethasones with the reactions of these entymes to HCG becoming low, which indicates insufficiency in the ovarian hormone system, not the effects of the adrenal system.
In terms of 11-hydroxylase and 21-hydroxylase activities, the second grade amenorrhea case reacting insufficiently to LH-RH tests differed from first grade amenorrhea cases and were the same as the other two cases of second grade amenorrhea. This result implies that, in order to find disorders which cannot be detected LH-RH tests or by the measurements of steroids in the blood, the measurements of steroids in the urine are needed.

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Study on design of the femoral stem of a total hip prosthesis

Satoshi KAWASHITA

1983 Volume 95 Issue 1-2 Pages 149-165
Published: February 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.95.1-2_149

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A total hip prosthesis of superior strength and well fitted to the proximal femoral medullary canal of a typical healthy Japanese was made.
Various types of hip prosthesis femoral stems were studied for strength. They included a Müller middle neck standard stem, a Charnley round back stem, an SOM stem, and one which we devised.
First, proximal femoral X-ray films were taken of 72 healthy male lower extremities, 79 healthy female lower extremities, and 18 cadavour femura, all from Japanese over 60 years of age. Then, various measurements were made from these X-ray films, and 3 kind of prostheses (large, medium, and small) were made from SMo (SUS 316L).
Second, a Müller, a Charnley, and an SOM prosthesis were constructed of SMo, and they were studied for their strength.
Strain at the portion under the greatest strain was least in the prosthesis we devised.

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Change in nerve terminals of rat striatum after repeated treatment with methamphetamine and haloperidol

morphometrical and electron microscopic monoaminergic histochemical study

Yuetsu IHARA

1983 Volume 95 Issue 1-2 Pages 167-183
Published: February 28, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 30, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4044/joma1947.95.1-2_167

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In order to examine the changes in dopaminergic (DA) terminals in rat striatum after methamphetamine (MAP) and/or haloperidol (HAL) treatment, the present study was made.
Twenty four rats were used and divided into a control-group, a MAP-group, a HAL-group and a HAL+MAP-group. Rats in these groups received daily intraperitoneal injections of either physiological saline(10ml/kg), MAP(4mg/kg), HAL(5mg/kg) or HAL(5mg/kg) plus MAP(4mg/kg), respectively, for 13 days. The reverse tolerance phenomenon was confirmed only in the MAP-group. At 8 and 36 days following the daily injection session, rats were killed. Histochemical and morphometrical examination was made on the rat striatum.
The number of DA terminals per unit area decreased significantly in both the MAP-group and the HAL-group at the 8th and 36th day(p<0.001), while no change was found in the HAL+MAP-group. The number of non-DA terminals per unit area and the mean area of DA terminals did not differ significantly among the four groups. Density of synaptic vesicles in DA terminals increased significantly only in the HAL+MAP-group at the 36th day(p<0.02). At the 8th day, the number of DA synaptic vesicles per unit area decreased only in the HAL-group(p<0.005), as compared to the control group. At the 36th day, however, it decreased significantly in both the MAP-group(p<0.001) and the HAL-group(p<0.02).
It was concluded that the repeated administration of a dopamine agonist and antagonist can result in a morphometrical change in the rat striatal DA terminal, and the change may be long-lasting.

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