By mean of the glass electrode, the author investigated the buffer capacity of nutrient broth and peptone water, that were generally using in bacterial culture, and also studied the effects off buffer substance that gave rise of the buffer capacity when it was added to the media. Moreover, using the media obtained above, the author conduted the investigation of some change in the media by the preparation procedurs and of bacterial growth in it. The following results were obtained.
1) The buffer capacities of nutrient broth and peptone water were seemed to be depended upon the over-all action of substances contained in the media. However, the buffer capacity of each media could be depicted by entirely different curve at about pH 7.0; the curve for nutrient broth showed single peak at pH 7.0, while that for peptone water showed at pH 7.0 and rises either sides of this caving.
2) By the addition of phosphate buffer to peptone water, the peak was appeared around pH 7.0 on the buffer capacity cuve. The capacity curve obtained in this was resembled that obtained in composition from that of peptone water and phosphate buffer solution.
3) The pH deviation by sterilization was noticed in greater extent in nutrient broth than in peptone water, and less deviation of pH was observed in the media of which pH was adjusted by NaOH in comparison with the same media adjusted by Na₂CO₃. There was no longer deviation of pH by the addition of phosphate buffer to the media in the concentration about M/100.
4) On any culture of E. coli communis, A. aerogenes and Sal. 57 S in peptone water to that phosphate buffer was added, the less deviation of pH of the media and much bacterial growth were observed compaired with the control. These evidences were also noticed more clearly on the culture of same organisms that were grown in the glucose added media.
5) The pH of the glucose added peptone water was decreased by the culture of E. coli communis or Sal. 57 S in the media and this condition turned out eventual standatill of the growth. However, by the adjustment of pH of the media to the same range as before, it was observed the growth of the organism recovered well in comparison with the control.

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The author determined the tissue metabolism of 7 non-cancerous cervical tissues and 45 cancerous tissues of cervix which were taken from the in-patients admitted to Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology Okayama University Medical School, using Warburg manometer.
The comparative studies were performed on its effects of x-ray (dosage from 900 to 1, 200 r and 3, 600 r) for the metabolism of 15 cancerous tissue and moreover, their effects of the various anti-carcinomatous agents for the tissue metabolism of 5 cancers each. These agents consisted of Nitromin 200 mg i. v., 15 cc of thymus extract hypodermic, Carzinophilin 15, 000 to 60, 000 u. and 75, 000 u. i.v., the combined administration of Carzinophilin 15, 000 to 60, 000 u. into the tumorous tissues and 35, 000 to 40, 000 u. i. v., and also Mitomyoin 16 mg i. v.
The following results were obtained;
1) Whereas the non-cancerous tissues were comparatively higher in value of respiration rate, the glycolytic activity was low.
2) The cancerous tissues showed the slightly higher value of respiration rate and strikingly elevated in both aerobic and anaerobic glycolytic activity in comparison with noncancerous tissues.
3) The effects of x-ray on the tissue metabolism of carcinoma of the cervix were obtained as follows;
i) The respiration activity was inhibited to various degree by x-ray irradiation, dosage ranging from 900 to 1, 200 r. and 3.600 r.
ii) The glycolytic activity was inhibited by irradiation of 3, 600r. in all cases, on the other hand it was inhibited in most cases by irradiation of 900 r. to 1, 200 r., though some cases of them were elevated slightly and some not changed.
Therfore, in the case of 900 r. to 1, 200 r., there was no decisive tendency.
4) The following tendencies were revealed concerning the effects of various anti-carcinomatous agents on the tissue metabolism of carcinoma of the cervix.
i) In the administration of Nitromin 200 mg i. v., 15 cc of Thymus extrach h. d., Carzinophilin 25, 000 u, to 45, 000 u. i. v., the respiration activity was elevated to various degree, whereas in the adminisiration of Carzinophilin 75, 0000 u. i. v., the combined administration of its 15, 000 u. i. to 60, 000 u. into tumorous and its 35, 000 u. to 40, 000 u. i. and Mitomycin 16 mg i. v., the respiration activity was to various degree inhibited.
ii) In the all cases the glycolytic activity was variously inhibited.
5) The various anti-carcinomatous agents had the similar effects on carcinoma of the cervix with the x-ray irradiation of dosage 3, 500 r. in the viewpoint of inhibition of the glycolytic activity.
6) In spite of beeing of their defferent actions on cancerous tissue, it appears to be believable that by the effects stated above, the metabolic activity characteristic for cancer tissue is inhibited and approach to the normal metabolic activity, resulting in inhibition of reproduction of cancer tissue, and in the cure.

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By carrying out vital observations on serous cells of ascites in normal persons (nonpathologic) and on tumor cells in the ascites of three patients with coelothelioma mainly by means of the simple culture method devised in our department, the author compared the results of the two observations, and obtained the following results.
1. In the smeared and fixed specimens coelothelioma cells show clearly malignant traits, but on examining them more scrutinously the transition from serous cells can be recognized.
2. In the tissue culture the nuclear membrane and cytoplasmic granules all indicate that serous cells are being transformed into coelothelioma cells.
3. In the vital staining the manner of distribution of cytoplasmic granules stained with Janus green also indicates the transformation of both cells.
4. The carbon-particle phagocytosis in both cells prove to be negative.
5. When these cells are prepared by compression method and observed under a phase-contrast microscope, from their nuclear membrane, increased nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio, and mitochondria distribution it can be understood that there exists a trasitional type of cells between both cells.
6. In T. P. T. reaction, the tumor characteristic of coelothelioma cells is found to be weak.
7. In the phase-contrast microscopic observation conducted on the tissue culture of both cells in suspension, more transitional type of both cells can be recognized than in the case of compression method.
From these observations it has been confirmed that coelothelioma cells are fundamentally derived from serous cells, and that these tumor cells are generally flat, possessing various pseudopodia which can move actively and they have complicated pecuiiar large vacuoles, and that these can be construed as three great charateristic traits of these tumor cells.

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Using cancer cells (adenoma) from ascites in three gastric cancer patients and tumor cells from ascites in three cases with coelothelioma the author conducted tissue culture of these cells in suspension by roller-tubes and further studied morphological changes of these tumor cells during the culture under a phase-contrast-microscope, and obtained the following results.
1) As for the method of tissue culture, it is most suitable to use the medium composed of 70 per cent Hank's fluid, 15 per cent chick embryo extract, 15 per cent normal human serum or serum of various cancer patients, with the addition of 2 mg/cc ribonucleic acid and vitamin B₁₂ 2 γ/cc. At the same time ground chick embryo tissue is cultured with this cellsuspension culture. Moreover, the medium is exchanged with fresh one every three days and the ground chick embryo tissue every six days.
2) By this culture method it has been possible to keep the cancer cells of ascites in gastric cancer alive for 21 days while tumor cells of coelothelioma for 18 days.
3) In the morphological observations: (1) In the case of cancer cells of gastric cancer ascites, cell division increases around third to fourth day of culture and numerous new small cells with clear cell body appear. On the other hand, about this time a portion of the cells become degenerated and are destroyed and within 4 or 5 days as a cyclic period the processes of cell degeneration and destruction and appearance of regenerated small cells are repeated.
(2) Likewise in the tissue culture of coelothelioma cells, cell division occurs on around the third day of culture, and new small cells with clear cell-body make their appearance, revealing distinctly the transformation from serous cells. By the ninth day the cells gradually become disintegrated and are destroyed, and with lapse in culture time degenerated cells increase in number.
As can be seen from above, it has been possible to obtain quite interesting findings in the day-to-day observations on morphological changes occurring in tumor cells under culture by the above method.

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By performing the tissue culture of cell suspension similarly as in Part 2, using the cells in ascites of the patients with coelothelioma but loading five anticancerogenic agents such as colcemide, carzinophilin, glucosamine, nitromine and unsaturated fatty acid extract of roentgenized liver (Yamamoto) the author carried out a series of observations on the morphological changes of the cells under culture and also compared the anticancerogenic mechanism of each of these drugs. The following are the results.
1) In the case loaded with colcemide a marked degeneration of cytoplasma and the abnormality in cell division can be recognized.
2) In the case loaded with carzinophilin the pyknosis and disintegration of the nucleus and cytoplasma can be observed.
3) In the case loaded with glucosamine the same as in (2), the pyknosis and disintegration of the nucleus and cytoplasma can be seen.
4) In the case of nitromine, the swelling and destruction of the nucleus and cytoplasma as well as the formation of bubbles can be recognized.
5) In the case loaded with unsaturated fatty acid extract of the roentgenized liver, the pyknosis and disintegration of the nucleus and the disintegration and swelling of cytoplasma, namely, the mechanism acting in two ways as carzinophilin and nitromine combined, can be recognized.
As can be seen from above, it has been confirmed that the anticancerogenic mechanism of each of these drugs is characteristic respectively.

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After having injected into rats intramuscularly the serum of patients of hypoplastic anemia, the author made an attempt to study the adrenal cortical function of this disease, and the following results were obtained.
1. After the first injection there appeared a decrease in the number of circulating eosinophils, and while with successive injections once a day, 5 or 10 days, there occurred a similar decrease of eosinophils, but on stopping injections there appeared a remarkable increase of eosinophils.
2. The decrease in the number of circulating erythrocytes were observed in all cases, without any relation to the time of injections. This fact proved the existence of anemia producing factor in the sera of patients with hypoplastic anemia used in the present experiments.
3. After the first injection, a remarkable increase in the amount of free chemocorticoids (Ch. C.) excreted in the urine indicated that adrenal cortex was hyperfunctioned; with the progress of injections, of over 5 times, a gradual decrease of Ch. C. in the urine indicated that adrenal cortex was hypofunctioned. After stopping successive injections there occurred a remarkable increase of Ch. C. in the urine.
4. After the first injection there was no change in P³² uptake into any organs. By successive injections an increase in P³² uptake into hypophysis, bone marrow, liver and spleen can be observed. P³² uptake into adrenals increased after the last injection, but it became normal 5 days after the cessation of injections.
5. Reserve function of adrenal ccrtex was maintained well even after the successive injections.

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After having injected intramusculary the serum of patients of hypoplastic anemia into rats, the author made an attempt to study the adrenal cortical function of this disease, and obtained the following results.
1. After the first injection there was no change in electrolytic metabolism of serum, just about the same as in the case of ratio Na/K, and it increased in successive injections.
2. The weight of adrenal gland showed no change after the first injection, and was inclined to lose a little during succescive injections.
3. The total ascorbic acid of adrenals decreased after the first injection, while in succesive injections, it increased by degrees remarkably. After the cessation of successive injection it became normal.
4. After the first injection lipid granules in adrenal cortex became finer and decreased in number in zona fasciculata. While in succesive injections they became grosser and moved to inner side and after stopping successive injections they became finer again and many of regenerated granules appeared in sight.
5. With the progress of injections zona glomerulosa of adrenal cortex became hypertrophic, transitional zone became broader, and cells of zona fasciculata became slightly atrophic or degenerated.
6. As the results of these findings above mentioned, the idea, that the first injection produces stress (alarm reaction); and in the initial stage of successive injections, stress (stage of resistance) can be observed; but this stage of resistance disappearing gradually, there ensues the stage of repression of adrenal cortical function; and after the cessation of injections hyperfunotional stage reappears, seems to be reasonable.
And these changes are definitely caused by anemia producing factor in serum of patients with hypoplastic anemia.

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With a view to clarify the cause of hypoplastic anemia the author studied the adrenal cortical function in patients with this disease, and obtained the following results.
1. The basic metabolic rates show not any definite inclinations.
2. In the insulin tolerance test, the insulin index has been found to have declined.
3. As for electrolytes in serum, chlorine is decreased but phosphorus is increased to a high degree, and ratio Na/K is slightly high while calcium, sodium and potassium show no definite inclinations.
4. Robinson-Power-Kepler water test is almost positive.
5. On measuring 17-KS and free chemocortioids (Ch. C.) excreted in the urine, the amount of 17-KS is decreased conspicuously but Ch. C. is increased.
6. In the gel-ACTH loading test the adrenal cortical reserve function has been found to have declined highly.
7. From these facts stated above, it is possible to assume that there is a decline in the adrenal cortical function in this disease.

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Following the technique of our department the author performed the bonemarrow tissue culture of ths human sternum and the rabbit femur in relation to age and observed the cell proliferation (growth area and the cell density), and the cell functions (the wandering velocity of neutrophils and psendoeosinophils, the carbon-particle phagocytosis and vital staining of the same), and obtained the following results.
1. Summarizing the cell proliferation in the bone-marrow tissue culture, in human the proliferation is high in the descending ordar of age 15, in the twenties, thirties, fifties, while in rabbits, it is high one, two and six months after birth followed by 5 days after birth; and below that is in the orber of one, two and three years old.
2. The wanderinh velocity coincides well with the rate of cell proliferation of both neutrophils and pseudoeosinophils, and in human it is great in the order of age 15, in the twenties, thirties, fifties, and seventies, while in rabbits it is greatest one and two months after birth, followed by 6 months, 5 days, one, two, and three years after birth.
3. The carboneparticle phagccytosis parallels with the cell proliferation and the wande ring velocity, and in human it decreases along with the advance in age, while in rabbits it is most active one, two and 6 months after birth, followed by 5 days, one, two and three years after birth.
4. As for the vital stainings the discoloration of stained granules is delayed in young age both in human and rabbits, and also the average stainability at the early stage of the culture shows a low value. Namely, in human at the age 15 the delay in the dircoloration is longest, and the discoloration occurs earlier along with the abvance in age as in the twenties, thirties, fifties, and seventies in ascending order.
5. From these results the functions of bone marrow in human is most active at the age of 15 years and it decreases along with the abvance in age, while in rabbits it is most active one to six months after birth, followed by 5 days after birth, and thereafter at one, two and three years the functions gradually decrcases.

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In the observations carried on the cell proliferation (growth area, cell density) and cell functions (wandering velocity of neutrophils and pseudoeosinophils, carbon-particle phagocytosis, vital staining) in the bone marrow tissue culture of the ribs of human and femur of rabbit, both stored at 8°C and conducted at various lengths of the postmortem time, and obtained the following results.
1. With the lengthening of time after death the growth area, wandering velocity and carbon-particled phagocytosis tend to decrease, and as for the vital staining the average stainability is increased, indicating the fall in the cell functions. However, the density of cell distribution of human neutrophils in the growth zone is higher at 12 hoursf ater death than that immediately after death, but the growth index is also lower than that immediately after death.
2. As for the bone-marrow tissue culture according to the lengths of postmortem time, 120 hours after death in femur and 7 days in rabbits are the maximum limit permissible to enable the culture of the bone-marrow.
3. Both in human and rabbits the diminution in the bone marrow functions becames striking the period between 48 to 72 hours after death as the demarcation line.

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In the bone-marrow tirsue culture of eight different benes from the same rabbit the author observed summarily the cell proliferation (growth area, cell density) and cell functiones (the wandering velocity, carbon-particle phagocytosis, and vital staining of pseudoeosinophils) inorder to determine the bone-marrow functions; and arrived at the following conclusios.
1. Summarizing, the bone marrow functions of each one of short bones are higher, while those of long bone are lower with some exception.
2. Of the short bone group, the functions of the bone marrow in scapula and innominate bones are most active in an equal degree, followed by those of vertebra.
3. Of the long bone group, the bone marrow functions of femur are good, followed by those of humerus and tibia, but in radius and rips the bone marrow functions are markedly low.
4. On the whole, the bone marrow functions in scapula and innominate bones are decidedln active, followed by femur and vertebra, and in the descending order of hnmerus, tibia, ribs and radius.

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The injection of 0.05-0.2 mg/kg adrenaline hydrochloride into the systemic vein of the cat at first retards the lymph flow from the thoracic duct transiently and then accelerates it. The degree of this acceleration is definitely weaker than that in the dog but it is rather close to that in the rabbit. The protein content in lymph is increased when the acceleration of lymph flow is less but it is reduced when the acceleration is greater. Judging from changes in arterial and portal blood pressures, the initial decrease in the lymph flow seems to be correlated to the temporary anemia occurring in the splanchnic area at the ascending stage of arterial blood pressure and the subsequent increase of the flow seems to be correlated to the congestion in the same area at the descending stage of arterial pressure.
Since the increase of protein in lymph is preventable by the prior ligature of periportal lymphatics, the majority of protein rich lymph may originate from the liver. In the cat portal blood pressure is not decreased by adrenaline as in the rabbit but it is increased as in the dog. This seems in all probability to be due to the fact that the constrictor response of intrahepatic vessels to this drug is more like in the dog than in the rabbit. The acceleration in the rate of lymph flow coincides with the rise in portal pressure rather than with that in arterial pressure.
The administration of 0.5-3 mg/kg nicotine tartrate likewise accelerates the thoracic lymph in the cat a little less than that in the dog but close to that in the rabbit. Following this acceleration, there has been observed some retardation. As for the changes in arterial pressure and portal and jugular venous pressures, with an exception of an initial temporary fall in the arterial pressure, in every respect all of them present the reactions similar to those observed in the case of adrenaline administration. The lymphagogic effect and rise in the portal pressure due to nicotine are reduced in the adrenalectomized cat.
The administration of 0.5-2 mg/kg acetylcholine chloride on 0.1-2 mg/kg pilocarpine hydrochloride also accelerates the flow of highly proteinized thoracic lymph in the cat. This action is rather marked in the case of the latter drug Portal blood pressure has been elevated by either one of these drugs, but in the case of acetylcholine a rather marked fall can be observed preceding the elevation. It seems that the lymph rich in protein is mainly produced in the liver, and the other portion of the lymph is formed by the increased plasma filtration resulting from the temporary congestion occurring in other abdominal area including intestines. The administration of 4 mg/kg atropine sulfate inhibits the lymphagogic effect and cardiovascular effects of these two drugs to quite a marked extent; while adrenalectomy partially suppresses these effects.
Generally cardiovascular responses what are believed to be associated with the lymphagogic effect of the drugs mentioned above in the cat resemble more closely to those in the dog rather than in the rabbit. The reason why lymphagogic effect in the cat is less than in the dog in spite of this seems to be due to a small capacity of tissue spaces where produced lymph is stored up until it is taken into lymphatic vessels. This can be readily understood even from the previously reported observations that the duration of the acceleration in lymph flow due to the obstruction of short period in hepatic vein or in portal vein is shorter in the cat than in the dog (Mitsufuji, Okayama-Igakkai-Zasshi, 71, 7II, 4113, 1959).
Atropine in the cat inhibits the thoracic lymph flow just as in the case of the dog and rabbit, and decreases the protein content in lymph. This may be caused by the decrease in circulating blood volume in the portal vascular area.

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The ChE activity of cerebral cortex resected from idiopathic epileptics and non-epilcptics and the influences of glutamic acid, glutamine, aspartic acid, asparagine, γ-aminobutyric acid and γ-amino-β-hydrooxybutyric acid were studied.
1) In the brain of idiopathic epileptics, ChE activity is more markedly accelerated than that in the brain of non-epileptics.
2) By adding the amino-acids mentioned above, restraint occurs in each case. The intensity of these restraint for the non-epilcptic brain has the order of asparagine, glutamine, γ-amino-β-hydroxybutyric acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glutamine. γ-aminobutyric acid, while that for idiopathic epileptic brain it is asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamine, γ-amino-β-hydroxybutyric acid, glutamic acid γ-aminobutyric acid.
3) The reduction of ChE activity by adding amino acids is found in each case of epileptic and non-epileptic brain. But it is not so definite in epileptic brain as in none-epileptic brain.
4) The ascending of ChE activity in idiopathic epileptic brain is regarded to be caused by the reduction of free amino acids in idiopathic brain.

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Various influecnes of amino acids upon ChE activity in the brain of latent cerebral local anaphylactic rabbits (LCLA rabbits) and normal ones were studied.
1) The ChE activity in the brain of LCLA rabbits accelerated stronger than that of normal rabbits, but after adding amino acid it fell to normal value or less.
2) By addition of amino acid the ChE activity redueces both in normal rabbits and LCLA rabblts, but it was more marked in the latter.
3) The intensity of the straint of amino acids for the ChE activity is the largest by glutamine to normal rabbits. Aspartic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid, asparagine, glutamic acid follows. To LCLA rabbits glutamine effects excellent and then asparagine, γ-aminobutyric acid, aspartic acid, glutamic acid.
4) If the density of adding amino acid solution is changed in glutamine and glutamic acid, they show a maximum straint at M/10. In glutamine it shows respectable straint even at M/200.
5) The influence of glutamine upon the ChE activity in the brain of LCLA rabbits showed straint even at M/100 and at M/200 it became equal with the level of normal rabbit brain. This is found to be almost the same value as the deficient value of amino nitrogen in LCLA rabbit brain.

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Chemotherapy and surgical therapy have made such tremendous strides against pulmonary tuberculosis that it has been reduced to a disease which can be managed with much less difficulty than before. However, a group of severe cases which is very difficult to be cured or improved still remains, requiring prompt establishment of the approved treatment of choice from the social, economical and medical poinc of view. In an attempt to achieve better cure or improvement for these cases through surgical intervention, the author picked out the so-called surgical far advanced cases from them, and classified these into 7 types (A-G) from the X-Ray findings of lesions and other states of chest and took their cardiopulmonary function into consideration. The restlst are given below.
In these so-called surgical for advanced cases ef pulmonary tuberculosis, marked functional impairment is noted both in ventilation and circulation, although differences exist more or less among them.
The impairment is generally represented by the decrease of pnlmonary ventilation and increase of pulmonary arterial pressure.
The degree of functional impairment corresponds to the extent of parenchymal damage of the lung and is also infuluenced remarkably by pleural callosity and surgical collapse therapy.
The decline in vital capacity is closely related to the increase of pulmonary arterial mean pressure, which frequently exceeds 20 mmHg especially when the percent-vital capacity is below 60.
The limit os functional compensation can be detected by loading the patient 10% low oxygen and in cases with oxygen saturation of peripheral arterial blood (Sao₂) less than 60% there occurred right heart failure not infrequently.

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The Occlusion test of pulmonary artery of operation side was carried out whenever the functional impairment of the opposite lung was assumed to be dangerous. On the other hand, the cardiopulmonary function of the cases which developed complications was investigated to study the functional limit. Thus the following results were obtained.
Values when a steady state was reached after pulmonary artery occlusion on the operative side were found in general to be stable in A and B groups, while in most cases of C, D and F groups cardiopulmonary function was markedly lowered. The modes of variation in pulmonary arterial meen pressure by the Occlusion test falls approximately into 4 types, the difference between type I and II being minimal and type III indicating distinct impairment as compared with type I and II.
Minute care is required in selecting the method of operation in type III cases. Type IV consists of those with compensatory failure; total lung-resection of the side is contraindicated and other surgical procedures should be tried with extreme caution.
A considerable correlation was noted in the % vital capacity of the opposite lung befor Occlusion and the type of pressure variation, and type III had the poorest result.
Complications during and after operation were most often encountered in cases with % V. C. and % M. B. C. each below 60, % V. C. of the opposite side below 30%, pulmonary arterial mean pressure above 20 mmHg and SaO₂ below 60% by 10% low oxygen load.
Their incidence was the highest in thoracoplsty, which could be prevented by a series of fractional operations.
Pneumonectomy had the lowest incidence of complication.
No complication occurred in caces the method of urgery was selected by analysis of pressures variation types after the pulmonary artery Occlusion.

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Of cases above mentioned 68 of them underwent surgery. As to the direct operation results, lobectomy and segmental resection were accomplished most often and them came thoracoplasty, pneumonectomy and extrapleural pneumolysis in that order. For those with poor function, thoracoplasty and extrapleural pneumolysis were selected as the procedure of choice.
The operative mortality rate was 4.4%. They were because of complications not directly related to functional impairment and could have been avoided by adequate supervision.
Complications occurred in 20.4% of the cases, being more frequedcly than in milder cases. Particularly higher was the incidence when the pulmonary arterial mean pressure was above 20 mmHg and other values showed marked fall in function.
Complications were observed most often in thoracoplasty, but this can mainly be attributed to the fact that cases of severest functional ruin were chosen for this procedure.
The ventilation diminished following every surgical intervention, Generally in thoracoplasty and pneumonectomy a qualitative improvement was noted of ventilation and circulation, whereas in lobectomy and sagmental resection with no addidion of thoracoplasty an aggravation was noticed. This concerns, however, with the indication preceeing operation and does not help estimate the absolute value of each surgicai procedure. It is suggestive of the possibility that the pulmcnary function of patients with far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis can be improved by deliberate choice of indication and surgical procedure.

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While we successfully isolated a certain filtrable agent by inoculation to guinea pigs of emulsion of choriocarcinoma, in order to elucidate as to whether or not this agent is choriotropic, we performed the neutralization or cross-neutralization test with serum of choriocarcinoma patients or with filtrable agent from stomach cancer.
For the neutralizaion test of filtrable agent isolated from guinea pigs, to which the successive inoculation of emulsion of tumor tissue of choriocarcinoma had been performed, with serum of choriocarcinoma patients, the emulsion of the lungs and brains of the guinea pigs of the seventh generation after having passed through Seitz E. K. filter were employed.
In regard to cross-neutralization with filtrable agent isolated from guinea pigs which were successively inoculated, those of sixteenth generation after having passed through the filter were employed.
A anti-choriocarcinoma-agent serum of rabbits we first obtained 2 cc of supernate of emulsion made from lungs and brains of guinea pigs of the twelvth to nineteenth generation each after having passed through Seitz E. K. filter, and then we obtained the serum from 2 rabbits 14 days after the last injection which had follwed 8 times injections previously performed into the auricular veins of rabbits with 10 days intervals.
The filtrable agent of stomach cancer was obtained after having passed the brains of guinea pigs as usual procedure. The anti-stomach cancer filtrable agent serum of rabbits were obtained from serum of rabbit which were repeatedly injected intravenously by the emulsion of rabbits of seventeenth generation as with the case of choriocarcinoma.
The following results summarily were obtained. In the neutralization test of choriocarcinoma filtrable agent with serum of choriocarcinoma patients the agent was almost perfectly neutralized, showing the value of ID₅₀>10^-2.0. The neutralization with serum of the normal women contrarily showed ID₅₀=10^-3.75. The former revealed the remarkably high value of neutralization body. The crossneutralization test with the filtrable agent isolated from human stomach cancer as the control experiment disclosed that the neutralization test of choriocarcinoma filtrable agent with serum of normal rabbits showed ID₅₀=10^-5.0, and that those with anti-stomach cancer filtrable agent serum of rabbit showed ID₅₀=10^-4.0, and also that the neutralization test of choriocarcinoma filtrable agent by anti-choriocarcinoma filtrable agent serum of rabbit revealed ID₅₀=10^-2.0. From the result shown above it is highly understandable that the value of the neutralization test of choriocarcinoma filtrable agent by anti-serum of rabbit for choriocarcinoma agent is more striking compared with those by 2 other kind of anti-serum.
The neutralization test of stomach cancer filtrable agent by anti-stomach cancer serum of rabbit, furthermore, disclosed ID₅₀=10^-3.45 and that by anti-choriocarcinoma agent serum of rabbit showed ID₅₀=10^-4.25 and also that by serum of normal rabbit was ID₅₀=10^4.0 in value. Therefore, the establishment of the neutralization test apparently failed between the choriocarcinoma filtrable agent and stomach cancer agent.
From the result shown above, we would like to conclude that the filtrable agent isolated from choriocarcinoma after passage through the brain of guinea pigs has the potentiality to neutralize and moreover is choriotropic in nature.

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We sterilely homogenized the tumorous tissue of 3 choriocarcinomas confirmed by histological examination and made them emulsion by adding five times volumes of normal saline. After then it was centrifuged 3.000 r. p. m. for 5 minutes and each of these supernate were inoculated to 2 healthy guinea pigs which then were killed 2 weeks later by blood-loss. We autopsized them to take out sterilely their brain which then were made into 10% emulsion by adding normal saline. 0.2cc of these emulsion was inoculated to healthy guinea pigs which we called 2 nd generation. We successively incculated with same procedure. And also these guinea pigs were microscopically examined by H-E staining on their brains, lungs, livers and spleens. Regarding 1st case and 3rd case on the time of inoculation from fourth to fifth generation, and 2nd case frcm 5th to 6th generation the passage through Seitz E. K. filter was performed. The inoculation was continuously performed up to 22nd for 3rd case.
The histological changes in the organs of guinea pigs were mainely found as the hyperplasia of septal cells and hypertrophies of septum, resulting in frequent narrowing or disappearing of alveolar cavities. There were present the infiltrations of lymphocytes and monocytes in septum. Around the vessels and bronchioles the hyperplasia of mesenchymal cells was revealed. The pathological findings shown above were indentical with interstitial pneumonia what we call virus pneumonia. There were present the hyperplasia of spider cells and infiltrations of monocytes and lymphocytes around the bile duct as liver concerned. Spleen showed the hyperplasia of reticulocytes in red marrow. All three cases were revealed to have histological changes even after the passage through Seitz filter and mede it possible to continue the successive inoculation. There was, however, found in 1st and 3rd cases the tendency of gradual withdrawal of histological changes. 2nd case, contrary to this, kept the almost same pictures after having passed through the filter.
Using the brains of guinea pig proper for isolation of tumor filtrable agents and avoiding the infection from experimental room, we successfully isolated the filtrable agent from choriocarcinoma, and believe that this agent is choriotropic.

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Ever since 1952 when Delay, Deniker and Heal first used chlorpromazine for various psychiatric patients, its clinical effect has come to be recognized. And as is wellknown it is now one of important drugs in the treatment of patients with mental illness. Believing that the clarification of the mechanism acting on the brain will still further the pathological study in endogenous psychoses, the author performed a series of experiments with dog, in which he studied clinical symptoms and side-effecects at the time of chlorpromazine administration and also carefully analyzed the results of histopathological findings on the brain for the purpose of elucidation of the mechanism of chlorpromazine acting on the brain.
Namely, dogs were divided into two groups: the A-group given a large dose of chlorpromazine for a short period of time; and the B-group given a small does of chlorpromazine for a long time.
1. For the A-group, grown-up dogs and young dogs were selected to the total of nine dogs, and in order to give shockwise 43-133 mg/kg chlorpromazine was injected into the artery, vein or muscle. As the result the clinical stage can be divided into five stages: 1. somnolent stage; 2. lethargic stage; 3. paralytic stage; 4. dyspnea stage; and 5. agonal stage. All of them died within several days.
It was revealed that various symptoms of motor disturbances were most apt to appear in the lethargid stage. Especially the young dog No.8 showed a marked torsion dystonia-like symptoms at this atage and these symptoms persisted thereafter. All of them were sacrificed by decapitation six hours after the injection, and removing and fixing the brains, histological specimens were prepared.
2. For the B-group two adult dogs were selected and 10 mg/kg chlorpromazine was injected every day intramuscularly. Although clinical symptoms could not be divided into different stages, there was a period when they became somnolent. There were decapitated 31 days after the start of experiment and tissue specimens were prepared in the same way as mentioned above.
By comparing there clinical symptoms in dogs with those observed in hyman cases, the author studied the mechanism of chlorpromazine action in the brain. In the histopathologisal investigations specimens were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, azo-carmine, Nissl stain, myelin sheath stain, and fat stain (Sudan III).
In the A-group changes changes appearing diffusely in the entire brain, the so-called acute changes, and those of nerve cells caused bue to the changes in blood vessels were recognized. Sites especially marked for such changes were in the corpus striatum, thalamus, putamen, globus pallidum, nucleus niger, nucleus ruber, corpus mammillaris, nucleus amygdae and a portion of cerebral cortex.
In comparison of these changes with pathoanatomy of torsion dystonia in the literatures, the changes mentioned above seemed to substantiate torsion dxstonia-like symptoms.
In the B-group their characteristic changes were chronic atrophy of nerve cells and demyelinating plaques in cortical medullary radiation. Moreover, these changes were found to appear selectively at a definite portion of the brain;
and it is believed that these findings offer the clue for the acting mechanism of chlorpromazine in the hrain.
Finally for the purpose of explaining summarily the acting mechanism of chlorpoomazine the author discussed first the sites of chlorpromazine action, its distribution in the brain, and then the acting mechanism of chlorpromazine reported in available literatures, and also made a comparison between the results obtained by other investigators and those in the present experiment as well as the correlation with clinical symptoms.

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In the tissue culture of the bone marrow from the rabbits previous given a single injection or successive injection of sera from the patients with hypoplastic anemia or Banti's the author obtained the following results.
1. In the case of a single injection, be it the serum of hypoplastic anemia or Banti's disease, no direct influence can be observed in the rabbit bone marrow.
2. In the case of successive injections with the serum of hypoplastic anemia both erythropoiesis and leucopoiesis are markedly decreased.
3. Even in the case of successive iujections with the serum of Banti's disease likewise both erythropoiesis and leucopoiesis are markedly decreased.
4. In the case injected with the serum obtained from ihe splenectomized patient with Banti's disease no influence on hematopoiesis of the bone marrow can be recogized.
5. After seven successive injections with either one of the sera, if the animals are left without any further treatment, the bone marrow functions at the recovery stage of anemia are back at the normal level.
6. Comparing the in vivo influences of both sera on the bone marrow, when injected successively, the injection of the serum from hypoplastic anemia mainly disturbs the production of bone marrow cells, while the injection of Banti's disease serum inhibits the production of bone marrow cells in some case while it hihibits the maturation of bone marrow cells in other. And the disturbance of the former on the bone-marrow parenchyma is stronger than that in the latter.

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With the purpose to see the influences of ACTH and cortisone on the erythropoiesis of bone marrow the author first added ACTH and cortisone directly to the fluid medium of the bone-marrow tissue ctlture of normal rabbits, and then performed the bone-marrow tissue culture in fluid medium of the rabbits previously injected with ACTH or cortisone; and obtained the following results.
1. In the case loaded with ACTH, there is no significant difference from that of the control irrespective of the concentration at 5γ/cc, 100γ/cc, or 500γ/cc, indicating not any influence on the erythropoiesis of the bone marrow.
2. When cortisone is added at the concentration of 5γ/cc, 100γ/cc, or 500γ/cc, at the concentration of 5γ/cc erythropoiesis is slightly accelerated, and at 100γ/cc it is markedly accelerated, while at 500γ/cc the erythropoiesis is rather depressed.
3. In the case of cortisone injection at the dose of 1 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg successively for seven days the erythropoiesis of bone marrow is accelerated as in the case of its direct addition to the bone marrow culture, but the degree of the acceleration is higher than the loading case, especially marked in the injection of 5 mg/kg, but in the injection of 10 mg/kg cortisone the erythropoiesis is on the contrary markedly decreased.
4. In the case of injection of ACTH at the dose of 2mg/kg successively for seven days, the erythropoiesis of bone marrow is accelerated while in the injection of 10 mg/kg successively seven times it is on the contrary markedly reduced.
5. From these it is obvious that the injection of ACTH or cortisone in an appropriate amount accelerates erythropoiesis of bone marrow, while the injection in an excessive amount reduces the erythrocpoietic function. However, as it has been found that ACTH does not act directly upon the erythropoiesis of bone marrow, it is interpreted that in the case of ACTH injection the acceleration of erythropoiesis is due to the action of cortisone secreted secondarily.

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By lcading cortisone to the bone-marrow tissue culture of the rabbits subcutaneously injected with the serum of hypoplastic anemia or of Banti's disease successively for seven days and by observing the peripheral blood picture and the findings of the bone-marrow tissue culture of the rabbits previously given intravenous injection of 50mg/kg ACTH and then given subcutaneous injections of the serum of hypoplastic anemia successively seven times, the author obtained the following results.
1. Cortisone acts as to recover the lost erythropoiesis of the bone marrow of the rabbit injected with the serum of hypoplastic anemia.
2. Cortisone likewise possesses an action as to recover the lost erythropoietic function of the bone marrow of the rabbit injcted with the serum of Banti's disease.
3. In the case of (1) or (2) even when cortisone is loaded to the bone marrow culture in such a high does as to damage the bone marrow cells of normal rabbit, the erythropoiesis of the bone marrow has shown a tendency to recover.
4. In the case of the rabbit previously given ACTH injection and then successive injections of the serum of hypoplastic anemia. the peripheral blood picture shows hardly any anemia, and the erythropoiesis of the bone marrow is likewise not at all affected.
5. From these, it is clear that the stimulating action of ACTH or corisone on the bone-marrow erthropoiesis can counteract against the inhibitory action of anemia-inducing substances contained in the sera of these patients.

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In the observations carried on microstructures of the erythrocyte series at the embryonic stage in the chick blastoderm by a phase-contrast microscope the author obtained such peculiar findings on the various cells in motion that have hitherto been unobservable by usual stainings and supravital staining.
First of all, the primitive erythroblasts (Megaloblast, Sabin) have been found to possess giant nucleus with thin nuclear membrane, reticulum consisted of extremely fine fibers, nucleoles situated approximately in the center and of irregular round shape to be the darkest spot in the nucleus with a coarse network-like structure on the surface, and numerous short rod-like mitochondria arranged in parallel with the nuclear membrane. Secondly, the primitive proerythrocyted (erythroblast stage I, Sugiyama) have the nucleus with coarse but thick reticulum and with round or irregularly round small nucleoles showing deep or light colored spots on the surface. Mitochondria are arranged like a band and are variously shaped as J, U, V, or S, and most of them are situated around the nucleus and a portion of them in the outer layer. Finally, primitive erythrocytes (erythroblast stage II, Sugiyama) have the nucleus with thick axle-like reticulum but nucleoles are obliterated, showing no mitochondria.

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By means of tissue culture of chick blastoderm and taking the microscopic pictures with a 16 mm movie camera, the author studied the behaviors and differentiation of the primitive erythroblasts, the mother cells of erythrocytes in the embryonic stage, and arrived at the following conclusions.
The primitive erythroblasts on leaving the blood island at first performs the deformation movent by protruding and retracting actively large, irregular pseudopodia from all sides of the cell body, but with lapse in the culture time the number of protruding and retracting movements decrease and then shortening pseudopodia, finally ceases the movement of cell body completely. At this stage short rod-like mitochondria become slender, and as the cell body become smaller and reticulum grows coarser and nucleoles shrink, it is then transferred to a primitive proerythrocyte. The primitive proerythrocyte actively undergoes mitosis and as mitochondria gradually decrease in number, the cell becomes elliptical, the nucleus grows smaller, the reticulum grows like axle and nucleoles disappear, and it is finally transferred to a primitive erythrocyte.

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By performing tissue culture of chick blastoderm and observing the spindle cells at the embryonic stage under a phase-contrast microscope, the author obtained the following results.
In the present observation the author recognized the cohesive cells that resembled primitive erythroblasts in the stage of 20 to 30 somites as observable by the stained specimen but had different pseudopodial and cell body movements in living conditions and possessing no hemoglobin, namely, a group of primitive spindle cell blasts. In culture these cells first project flat tongue-like pseudopodia aud then go into flagellar movement and then with elongation of mitochondria, they are differentiated to spindle cell blasts. And finally, their cell body growing flatter and flatter, they are differentiated into spindle cells that move as if the cell is flowing loosely out of the edge, flattering a portion of the prejection like a flag, or moving in a line.
As for the differentiation of spindle cells in the hematopoiesis of chick embryo at the embryonic stage, it has been conclueded that spindle cells are not differentiated from primitive erythroblasts, but the differentiation takes the course from primitive spindle cell blasts to spindle cell blasts and then to apindle cells.

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In the observation on the tissue culture of ascites cells obtained from the ascites believed to be non-pathologic at the time of laparotomy of 5 patients with stomach ulcer, the author obtained the following results:
1. The average cell count is 1, 161/mm³.
2. These cells are largely composed of phagocytes, mixed with a few lymphocytes, serous cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, and fat cells.
3. Phagocytes occupy 94.4 per cent of the total, and the majority of them are the intermediate-size phagocytes (46.4%), followed by small-size and large-size phagocytes.
4. The pattern of pseudopodia of the intermediate-size phagocytes resembles quite closely to that of monocytes, but with lapse of the culture time it undergoes some changes. Judging from the pattern of pseudopodia, transformation of the cell body, and modes of flow of the cellular granules, this cell seems to be a close relative of blood monocyte. However, the translocation of the cell is not quite so distinct.
5. Serous cells are small in number, but under the normal condition they do not show pseudopodia formation.

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In the vital observations of ascites cells by means of tissue culture conducted on 30 cases of tumor ascites, the author obtained the following results:
1. The average cell count is 642.5/mm³.
2. The characteristics of the cell compestition are the appearance of tumor cells and tumorous signet-ring cells, a slight increase in the number of serous cells, a moderate increase of neutrophils, and the appearance of phagocytic signet-ring cells.
3. The detection of tumor cells and tumorous signet-ring cells is considered as the direct sign and the other cytological characteristics are considered as the indirect sign.
4. When the case showing less than six per cent of tumor cells is designated as group I, that over 20 par cent as group II, and hepatic cancer ascites as group III, each group presents respectively characteristic physio-chemical traits.
5. By vital observation tumorous signet-ring cells can be clearly distinguished from phagocytic signet-ring cells.
6. Cytological characteristics of different kinds of tumor cells, namely, adenoma, simple cancer, scirrhous cancer, colloid cancer, liver cancer, and coelothelioma cells, can be grasped by vital observation.
7. It has been possible to grasp the peculiarities of the cell-composition of ascites and cytological characterisitics of component cells as indirect sign, especially the characteristics differentiating tumor ascites from the ascites of liver cirrhosis.

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In the vital observations on 19 cases of liver cirrhosis, 4 cases of tuberculous peritonitis, 3 cases of nephrosis, and two cases of cardiac insufficiency by means of tissue culture of ascites of respective group, the auther obtained the following results:
1. In the case of arcites of liver cirrhosis, the average cell count is 219/mm³, and aside from phagocytes the appearance (average of 2.7%) of phagocytic sigenet-ring cells, a marked increase (average, 9.2%) of serous cells, a slight increase (average, 2.2%) of neutrophils can be recognized. The intermediatesize phagocytes have peculiar grass-like pseudopodia and serous cells have tongue-shaped pseudo-podia that are moving actively.
2. In the case of tuberculous peritonitis, the average cell count is 1, 820/mm³. There can be recognized such charachteristics as a marked increase (average, 51.7%) of small-size phagocytes, an increase (average, 39.9%) of lymphocytes, and the appearance of intermediatesize phagocytes shapedlike sea urchins as well as lymphocytes that move more actively six hours after the start of culture than at the initial stage of culture.
3. In the case of nephrosis an increase of small-size phagocytes and a slight increase of serous cells, but most of cells are degenerated, and also fibroblast-like degenrative intermediate-size phagocytes can be observed.
4. In the case of cardiac insufficiency, a slight increase of neutrophils can be observed, but the most outstanding characteristic in this case is an early degeneration of all cells.
5. As can be seen from the above, in the vital observations each kind of non-tumorous ascites has its own cytological charateristic traits and by these traits it is definitely possible to distinguish tumorous ascites from non-tumorous ones. Therefore, the clinical application of such vital observation offers a great promise in the differential diagnosis of ascites.

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Phosphoric acid metabolism in the cerebral cortex of epileptic patients, on whom corticoectomy was performed in this department, was studied in vitro by radioisotope tracer method, in comparison with that of the normal cerebral cortex obtained from non-epileptic patients.
Brain homogenate was incubated with ³²P-phosphoric acid and glucose at 38°C, then fractionized into inorganic, acid soluble-organic, lipid. nucleic acid and phosphoprotein fraction, according to Schneider's method after 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours of incubation and the radioactivity of each fraction was measured with Geiger-Müller counter. The results were as follows:
1) The rate of ³²P incorporation into acid soluble-organic, lipid, nucleic acid and phosphoprotein fraction in homogenate of epileptic patients was accelerated as compared with that of non-epileptics, but
2) no significant difference was observed in the accelerating ratio in each fraction.

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By pursuing the behaviours of the ³²P incorporation into phosphoric acid fractions in the brain homogenate of the rabbit with latent local cerebral anaphylaxis and in that of normal rabbit using the method described in Part I, the following results were obtained.
1) The rate of the ³²P incorporation into acid soluble-organic, lipid, nucleic acid and phosphoprotein fraction in the cerebral cortex of the rabbit with latent local anaphylaxis was much more accelerated as compard with that of normal rabbit.
2) The accelerating ratio of lipid fraction was especially high as compared with that of other fractions.

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Phosphoric acic metabolism in the rabbit cerebral cortex, which was taken out after ether anesthesia, was studied in vitro by the same method described in Part I. As the control, the normal rabbit cerebral cortex was used.
Among these two groups, no significant difference of the ³²P incorporation into each phosphoric acid fraction was observed.

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So far it appears that cancer researches were mainly focused only on the parenchyma and the study on its stromal tissue was somewhat neglected. However, in 1949 Imai stated that the stromal reaction is closely associated with the prognosis in his report on C. P. L. classification and he emphasized that anti-earcinomataus factor exists in the stromal tissue of cancer. Being greatly attracted by his theory, the author studied inflammatory picture in uterine cancer and at the same time pursued the relationship between the inflammation and its prognosis.
The materials used in the present investigation were specimens obtained from 902 cases of cervical cancer, treated in the Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Medical Shcool during 12-year period from 1938 to 1949. As the results the author arrived at the following conclusions.
1. In both those given surgical treatment and those given radiation treatment, the prognosis is better in those showing a stronger inflammation in stroma than in those showing a weaker one.
2. However, only the case at the stage-IV cancer (rediation treatment) is an exception to this rule.
3. As for the relationship between Nagase's classification and the degree of inflammation, there can be recognized no great difference in the incidence of strong inflammation between type-I (58%) and type-II (55%), but the incidence of strong inflammation is least in type-III (28%).
4. The incidence of strong inflammation is greatest in the stage-II cancer (55%), followed by the stage-III cancer (46%), stage-I cancer (43%). and stage-IV cancer (42%) in the order mentioned.

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Attention has been called to various leucocytes that infiltrate into stromal connective tissue of the cancer, especially to eosinophils, and on them as well as on their relationship with the prognosis there are many reports. Various investigators entertain different views on these problems but their views are still quite conflicting with one another. In the present experiment the author made an attempt to pursue the relationship between circumscribed eosinophilia and the prognosis in cervical cancer.
The author used the same materials as mentioned in part 1 for this investigation, and obtained the following results.
1. In both those given surgical treatment and those given radiation treatment there can be recognized not any diffrence in the prognosis between those who show a slight infiltration of eosinophils and these with no infaltration, but the prognosis is better in those showing the strong infiltration of eosinophils than that in those with a slight infiltration or without infiltration.
2. Findings of the prognosis in cervical cancer according to the grades of stromal inflammation and circumbscribed eosinophilia show closely resembling results in both stronger and weaker grads, and it is difficult to say which is the better. However, when the both findings are summarily judged, better results can be attained.

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The author reached to the following results experimenting on the antigenicity, the concentration in the blood and the excretion into the urine, of evans blue-azo-proteins.
1) Evans blue-azo-human serum albumin possesses other diffusibility in agar and other paper electrophoresis than evans blue or mixed solution of evans blue and human serum albumin.
2) The movement of the binding zone to the weaker solution at the cross reaction of rabbit serum anti-evans blue-azo-egg albumin and egg albumin is very remarkable compared with the reaction of same qualities, and on the contrary the movement is not so remarkable in case of rabbit serum anti-evans blue-azo-human serum albumin.
3) In case of being combined human serum and evans blue, sedimentation speed at an agar method experiment changes itself but albumin and globulin maintain their natural states.
4) Evans blue-azo-human serum albumin in the blood decreases rapidly by 24 hours after the injection and disappeared at the time of producing antibody in 5 or 6 days.
5) Evans blue stays in the blood longer than evans blue-azo-human serum albumin and not excreted into the urine, but the latter is excreted into the urine produced within 6 hours after the injection.
6) But only human serum albumin is excreted into the urine in more than 6 hours being isolated from evans blue, and disappears from the urine in 8 or 9 days.
7) Evans blue-azo-human serum albumins injected intramuscularly or hypodermically both show high concentration in the blood in 24 hours after the injection and disappear in 7 days maintaining the parallel each other,

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The author made experiments on hypersensitiveness of the skin with azoprotein, and obtained the following results.
1) Positive effects can be observed on the skin of rabbits or guinea-pigs that have been sensitized with azoproteins actively or passively when injected with the same antigens.
2) Hypersensitiveness of the skin is most positive in 7 hours after the injection in case of azoproteins as the passive sensitization.
3) The positivity of skin reaction is proportional to the antibody value in the blood on experiments made under the same and constant conditions.
4) The antigen stays longer in the skins of sensitized animals than of not sensitized.
5) The stronger the sensitization is, the longar and the more the antigen stays in the skins.
6) The diffusion of the antigen from the skin is slow at the time of the strongest skin reaction, that is, in 3-12 hours after the iniection.
7) Compared animals sensitized actively with those sensitized passively, the former have more positive skin reaction, and its local antigens stay longer.

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The anther refined atoxyl-azo-human serum albumin and gave it as the antigen to a guinea-pig and obtained the following results on its distribution in the body and the excretion into the excrements.
1) Storages of the antigen given to the animal by the venous injection show the highest amounts at each oragans in 8 hours after the injection, and the ascending arrangement of the amount is this: - liver, bone marrow, kidney, spleen and abdominal lymphatic gland - and specially much at reticuloendothelial system.
2) In case of the abdominal injection, the highest storages at each organs are in 12 hours after the injection: and much at the abdominal lymphatic gland and some at liver, spleen and kidney and only a little at reticuloendothelial system.
3) In case of the hypodermic injection, the highest storage at each organs are in 24 hours after the injection and very a little distrbution is shown at reticuloendothelial system.
4) The antigen concentration in the blood and its excretion into the excrements are parallel each other.
5) The distribution and storage of the antigen in a cell are the most at mitochondria, the next microsome and the next nucleus.
6) The excretion of arsenic into the dung of I gramme is always more than that of the urine of I gramme.
7) The antigen amount given by the venous injection has been excreted into the excrements in II days, and in 15 days arsenic not seen.
8) The antigen is distributed to a lung much specially at the test of the anaphylactic shock death compared with a standard example and the higher degree of anaphylactic occures, the more distribution is held on.

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To each of the rabbits immunized with egg-white albumin or bovine serum the egg-white albumin and bovine serum are injected, and guinea pigs are passively sensitized by injecting the blood drawn periodically from each group of these rabbits. By observing the appearance of skin anaphylaxis in these guinea pigs the author obtained the following results.
1. The titer of antibody in circulating blood rapidly decreases immediately after the injection of antigen, but gradually recovering thereafter, it returns to the pre-injection level in one week.
2. The residual antigen in circulating blood increases rapidly after the injection of antigen, but it then decreases abruptly one day later, disappearing completely one week afterwards.
3. The desensitization of Arthus phenomenon is completely established within five minutes after the intravenous injection of antigen.
4. It seems that there is generally a parallel relationship between the intensity of Arthus phenomenon and the antibody titer of blood.
5. The residual antigen in the blood seems to inhibit the appearance of Arthus phenomenon.

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Egg-white albumin was injected to rabbits previous immunized by egg-white albumin. Then the sera of these rabbits periodically taken were injected into guinea pigs. The author observed the desensitization effect of anaphylactic shock in these guinea pigs passively sensitized by such injections and arrived at the following conclusions.
1. The desensitization effect of anaphylactic shock has already taken place completely five minutes after the intravenous injection of antigen.
2. It seems that on the whole there is a parallel relationship between the strength of the anaphylactic shock and the titer of antibody in the blood.
3. The residual antigen in the blood seems to inhibit the appearance of anaphylacticshock symptoms.

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After injecting egg-white albumin into the rabbit previously immunized with egg-white albumin and drawing the blood periodically, the author studied the changes of serum fractions using Tiselius apparatus for electrophoresis, and obtained the following results.
1. It has been found that γ-globulin rapidly decreases five minutes after the injection of antigen, showing almost the minimum value, and thereafter recovering gradually, it returns to the pre-injection level in one week.
2. Albumin presents a picture diametrically opposite to that of γ-globulin.
3. The changes of α-globulin and β-globulin are fluctuating.
4. The anaphylactic antibody against egg-white albumin is mainly contained in γ-globulin.

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With an improved technique of complement fixation test the author studied the reactivity of the aqueous extracts of various bovine and swine viscera on the serum of the rabbit immunized by bovine thymus aqueous extract, and obtained the following results.
1. Grades of the reactivity of bovine thymus aqueous extract, bovine thymus nucleoprotein, swine aqueous extract, and swine thymus nucleoprotein are in the order of bovine thymus aqueous extract bovine thymus nucleoprotein > swine thymus aqueous extract=swine thymus nucleoprotein.
2. When the animal is immunized with bovine thymus aqueous extract, antybody against bovine thymus nucleoprotein is produced.
3. In the stndy of antigenicity of 21 different visceral proteins in bovine and swine by antigen dilution test, those that show a strong reactivity are thymus, thymus nucleoprotein, bone marrow, cerebrum, cerebellum, stomach, lung, spleen, thyroid, testis, epididymus and kidney in bovine, while they are thymus and cerebellum in swine.

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By means of complement fixation test the author conducted a comparative study on the reactivity of the serum of the rabbit immunized with bovine thymus nucleoprotein on different visceral extracts of bovine and swine, and obtained the following results.
1. Aqueous extract of bovine thymus nucleoprotein possesses antigenicity.
2. The grades of reactivity as observed in antigen-antibody dilution test about bovine thymus aqueous extract, bovine thymus nucleoprotein, swine thymus aqueous extract, and swine thymus nucleoprotein against the serum of the rabbit immunized with bovine thymus nucleoprotein are in the order of bovine thymus nncleoprotein=bovine thymns aqueous extract>swine thymus nucleoprotein>swine thymus aqueous extract.
3. Bovine thymus nucleoprotein was fractionated into nucleic acid and protein (histone) and the reactivity of the histone sulfate as the antigen was tested against the serun of the rabbit immunized with the bovine thymus nucleoprotein. It showes almost the same reactivity as that of nucleoprotein and thymus aqueous extract. No antigenicity of nucleic acid can be recognized.
4. In the study of the reactivities of 21 different visceral extracts in bovine and swine against the serum of the rabbit immunized with bovine thymus nucloprotein by means of the antigen dilution test, the reactivity are great in the following order in both bovine and swine: thymus extract, thymus nucleoprotein spleen, extract, testis extract, kidney extract and cerebellum extract.

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With the purpose to study the antigenicity of bovine thymus and thymus nucleoprotein the author investigated the passive anaphylaxis in guinea pigs induced by the sera of rabbits immunized with bovine thymus aqueous extract or with bovine thymus nucleoprotein as well as passive Arthus phenomenon of guinea pigs elicited by evans blue method, and obtained the following results.
1. As for the passive anaphylaxis in guinea pigs by the serum of the rabbit immunized with bovine thymus aqueous extract, the bovine thymus and bovine thymus nucleoprotein clearly bring about anaphylaxis.
2. The same can be said in the case of passive anaphylaxis in guinea pigs by the serum of the rabbit immunized with bovine thymus nucleoprotein.
3. In passive Arthus phenomenon elicited by the serum of the rabbit immunized by bovine thymus aqueous extract, bovine thymus and thymus nucleoprotein elicit a strong reaction.
4. This is true even in passive Arthus phenomenon by the serum of the rabbit immunized with bovine thymus nucleoprotein.
5. There is no marked difference between the antigenicity of thymus aqueous extrct and that of thymus physiological salinesolution extract.

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Effects of acute occlusion of superior vena cava were studied in dogs. Occlusion of superior vena cave was made by catheter with inflatable baloon inserted into superior vena cava via jugular vein. Following results were obtained.
1) Azygos vein played the most important role as collateral circulation when superior vena cava was occluded.
2) A steady state of circulatory hemodynamics was reached about 30 minutes after acute occlusion of superior vena cava at the point distal to azygos vein and then gradually retnrned to normal state in accordance with complete development of collateral circulation.
3) Marked changes in circulatory hemodynamics developed when superior vena cava and azygos vein were concomitantly occluded.
Dogs, whose azygos vein had been divided one week ago, died whthin 70 to 90 minutes on acute occlusion of superior vena cava.
On the contrary, dogs, whose azygos vein had been divided two weeks ago, survived two hours' occlusion of superior vena cava. However, cardiac output did not return to preocclusion level even 20 minutes after release of occlusion.
4) The cause of death in the case of acute occlusion of superior vena cava including azygos vein was supposed to be central nature due to functional loss of central nervous system.

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Effects of acute occlusion of superior cava on cerebral circulation were studied in dogs, Following results were obtained.
1) Pressure of intracranial vein rose up to 2.5 times of control level in average on occlusion of superior vena cava at the point distal to azygos vein and then showed gradual decline within 70 to 90 minutes.
On the contrary, it rose np to 4 to 8 times of control level on occlusion of superior vena cava inclu ling azygos vein and it remained at the same level during observation of two hours. Some of experimental animals died during occlusion.
2) Good correlation was found betweeu intraspinal pressure and that of intracranial vein on occlusion of superior vena cava.
3) Decrease of blood flow to brain was compensated by increase of arterio-venous oxygen difference on occlusion of superior vena cava at the point distal to azygos vein. Hence, decrease of oxygen consumption of brain tissue was not significant.
4) Marked decrease in oxygen and glucose consumption of brain tissue developed 30 minutes after occlusion of superior vena cava including azygos vein, suggesting of development of impending damage of brain tissue.

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