A male student, 22 years old:
Family history: He has a sister with mental weakness.
Symptoms: Schizophrenia of 2 years' duration.
He was treated with electric and insulin shocks, and with chlorpromazine and reserpin without avail. The administraticn of perphenazine (PZC) at last alleviated his symptoms. However, he had relapse three months later, and became so despondent of life that he took 260 mg PZC in one dose with an intention to commit suicide. This induced a deep sleep, followed by trismus and with a slight salivation, but no danger to his life. Such a large dose of PZC had no favorable effect on his symptoms. Yet, this patient improved soon afterward by daily administration of 12 mg PZC continuously.
In this one I have been able to recognize that PZC has a little side-effect and there is no great danger to life in its administration, as contented by many investigators.

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Male, 72 years old farmor,
Family history: His aunt, mother's elder sister (91 years) had “Nein Tremor” of the head in here about 32 years old. At the age of about 50 years she had tendon tremor on both hands which she still has today and she presents “Ja Tremor” of head. When she tries to do some thing this tremor is increased.
Patient's youngest brother had cerebical ankylosis from the age of about 20 years, and therefore, when he wanted to look back he had to turn his whole body. However, both of them have otherwise no great inconvenience in their daily routines.
The patient had suffered from arthritis-like piercing pain and neurasthenia of both lower limbs for the period of ten years starting from about his fortieth year. However, from the time when these pains had disappeared spontaneously, “Nein Tremor” of the head and expiratory dyspnea appeared. The tremor, persisting up to the present, increases in severity when he tries to do anything, but dyspnea disappeared spontaneously about two years after its onset. From the time of the disappearnce of dyspnea whenever he lies down on left side or on back in the afternoon, especially at night, to sleep, a most inexplicable unpleasant feeling begins to attack him first from head to breast, followed by myoclonus-like convulsive fit of both lower limbs. Both before and after the convulsive fit a peculiar abnormal eloctroencephalogram appears. However, when he changes his posture, the fit ceases and at the same time electreoncephalogram returns to normal.

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Using the chick-embryo brains in its various developmental stage and by means of paperchromatography. the author studied transamination of 15 different α-amino acids, 4 ω-amino acids, and α-ketoglutaric acid from embryo-chemical standpoint, and investigated the relationship between the germination, functional activity and amino acid metabolism in the growing chick embryo brains.
The following are the resnlts.
1. In the early stage of chick embryo brain which begins to germinate and develope, only a minimal transaminase activity can be recognized, but on about 11th embryonic day the activity grown gradually and consistently.
On the day of hatching the transaminase activity is almost the same as in a chick.
2, Aspartic acid, alanine, isolecine, leucine, valine, norvalin, tyrosine, ornithine and β-oxy-γ-amino acid, alanine, isoleuciue, leucine, valine, norvaline and cysteic acid immediately before hatching reaches about the same as found in other maturede animals such as mous (8) and dog (10).

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With the growing chick brains take out at 9 different times during the period immediately after hatching to 40 days later the author studied the transaminase activity in these brains. The results are follows.
1. In α-amino acids group aspartic acid, alanine, isoleucine, lencine, valine, norvaline. and tyrosine show the transaminase activity as the continuatoin from embryo and phenylalanine commences its transaminase activity.
2. In ω-amino acid group γ-aminobutylic acid, β-alanine, β-oxy-γ-aminobutylic acid, in the diamino acid group ornithine show the transaminase activity, while cysteic acid also as the continuation from the embryo shows the activity in every period examined.
3. Those amino acids showing the transaminase activity have individual peaks during the period from 4 to 10 days after hatching, and thereafter these amino acids take two different courses; namely, on that slightly falls folowing the respective Peak; and one that stays unchanged.

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As a link in the studies on the transamination in the brain the author made a series of systematic studies on the transamination reactions in the brain of growing chick embryos, chicks at various stage of their growth, using 15 α-amino acids, 4 diamino acids, cysteic acid and α-ketoglutaric acid, and reported the result of such studies in previous papers.
In the present experiment the transamination in the adult chicken brain was estimated in the similar way with the use of the same amino acids as in the previous experiment.
1. Of all the amino acids that showed the transaminase activity in the chick embryo and the chick brains at every developemental stage, lysine did not shows the activity in the adult chicken brains.
2. The grade of the transaminase activity of aspartic acid, isoleucine, β-alanine and cysteic acid is lower than the peak of the same observed in the eavly stage of the chick brains. As for the other amino acids with an exception of alanine which showed the greatest activity in the adult chicken brain, none showed the activity surpassing the maximum shown in the chick brains at every developemental stage.
3. Spcaking relatively and biochemically at least in the chicken brain the transamination reactions in the chicken brains, especially to that of the mouse brain.

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With the purpose to elucidate the mechanism of amino acids in the brain of fish, we have studied the glutamic decarboxylase in the fish brains following the techniques devise by Okumura et all, and examined the functions of various amino acid decarboxylase in the catfish brain.
However, we did not find any decarboxylase activity in the catfish brain.

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The quantitative method of iron in the presence of KCN or CO-gas, as the reserve experiment observing on the isolation of iron in the HbO₂-KCN-H₂O₂ reaction system put forward by G. Barkan, was investigated. And the results were as follows.
1. The isolated iron combined with CN and missed the measurement, but the error of measurement could be prevented by the heating process on the fire after the addition of concentrated sulphuric acid and perchloric acid. On the other hand, the measuring error caused by the contain of iron in reagent could be prevented by the use of ammonia instead of caustic soda.
2. It was necessary to stand in the room temperature for 24 hours after the o-phenanthrolin reaction for the measurement of iron by o-phenanthrolin in the reaction solution using phosphate buffer.
3. When the iron dosis in various buffer was measured, the aeration of CO gas had no influence on the measurement.
4. Measuring the dosis of easy split iron by the aeration of CO gas to hemoglobin for 30 minutes, it decreased about one half as compared with that before the aeration of CO gas and it showed only the reversion of 67% by the aeration of oxygen for 60 minutes. On the other hand, it showed the decrease of 70% by the aeration of nitrogen gas, but it completely reverted to the initial dosis by the aeration of oxygen for 10 minutes.

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The vicissitude of easy split iron in the HbO₂-KCN-H₂O₂ reaction system put forward by G. Barkan was quantitatively observed, without the use of reducing agent. And the resulte were as follows.
1. The most proper condition grounded on the yielded dosis of easy split iron was KCN 1.0 M and H₂O₂ 0.01 M.
2. Iron was separated from hemoglobin itself on H₂O₂ over 0.1 M, in this reaction system.
3. The most proper condition was the pH 7.2 at 37°C, in this reaction system.
4. The change was not observed on the change of acting order between KCN and H₂O₂, in this reaction system.

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The Hb-KCN-H₂O₂ reaction system was observed on the presence of nitrogen gas and CO gas, since the vicissitude of easy aplit iron. And the results were as follows.
1. Investigating this reaction system in the presence of nitrogen gas, the increase of easy spilt iron stopped for 30 minutes, but its yielded dosis was twice at 60 minutes after the aeration of oxygen.
2. Acting only KCN and H₂O₂ in the HbO-KCN-H₂O₂ reaction system under the nonoxygen condition, it reached up to the highest fixed value at 20 miuutes and the reaction did not show any progress on the aeration of oxygen after 20 minutes.
3. Acting KCN and H₂O₂ to reduced hemoglobin, the increase of yielded dosis was abruptly seen around 5 minutes and it progressed slowly untill 60 minnutes, but the yielded dosis became 1.4 times on the aeration of oxygen at that time.
4. The slowness or quickness of reaction was observed on the action of KCN after the action of Hb and H₂O₂ in the presence of nitrogen gas and on the action of H₂O₂ after the action of Hb and KCN in the presence of nitrogen gas, but the yielded dosis was both 1.5 times after the action of molecular oxygen to them.
5. The Hb-KCN-H₂O₂ reaction system was progressed in the presence of nitrogen gas, CO gas was acted to the reaction solutlon in each time and then the yielded dosis of easy split iron was observed, and the reaction stopped for 30 minutes, but the yielded dosis became twice on the aeration of oxygen to it.
6. The progress of the above reaction system could be explained without discrepancy by the concept of E. E' by G. Barkan and the condition of them at the isolated time in the presence of nitrogen gas or CO gas.
7. This reaction system progressed from Hb or HbO₂ and the direct progress from COHb could not be existed.

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The absorption ability of seminal vesicles has been already recognized by many investigators. The authoralso made an attempts to examine the influenee of adrenalin. cortisone and ACTH on the absorption ability of the seminal vesicles comparing with hypodermic or intramuscular administration of same kind and same doses of adrenal hormones using adult male rabbits.
1. By the administration of adrenalin, the same high blood dextrose levels could be found in both hypodermic and seminal vesicles injections and particularly, slow elevation and high level maintenance could be found in seminal vesicles injection.
2. By the administration of cotisone, high blood level could be found temporarily by intramuecular injection, but contrarily the aintenance of high level and no reduction to normal level could be found by the seminal vesicles injection.
3. By the administration of ACTH, the same elevation of blood level with interamuscular injection as in cortisone could be found, but, on the seminal vesicles injection, opposite results could be found.
4. From the above results, the above results, the specific ability could be recognized in seminal vesicles and also recognized the mechanism of the internal secretion.

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The auther has already reported the influences of adrenal hormones on the absorption ability of the seminal vesicles. In this report, the same examination was carried out as stated in part 1 adopting the glucose tolerance test to see the influences of these hormones on the glucose tolerance.
1. On the glucose tolerance test with intravenous injection, mostly the same blood levels could be found by adrenalin, cortisone and ACTH administration, but there were slight differences between each hormones in detail.
2. On the glucose tolerance test with seminal vesicles injection through vas deferens, much differences could be recognized obviously and distinctive tolerance curve might show the the existence of the specific absorption ability in the seminal vesicles.
3. By the administration of adrenalin, the blood level increased clearly and slightly increased by cortisone, and on the contrary decreased by ACTH. Especially, these results tend to be obviously appeared by the seminal vesicles injection.

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The testicular function has the most intimate relation to the seminal vesicles function, the auther made an attempt to examine the influence of the testicular function upon the absorption ability of the seminal vesicles. In this report. the examination was carrid out on the castrated rated rabbits in advance and also the effects of male sexual hormones on the absorption ability were observed.
1. The blood dextrose levels were increased in one or two weeks after the castration and then decreased in three weeks below the preoperative levels by the seminal vesicles injections of adrenalin, cortisone and ACTH.
2. The same elevation could be found with adrenalin and cortisone administration in seminal vesicles, but ACTH showed slightly different results.
3. The administration of male sexual hormones on castrated rabbits rised the blood dextrose levels and different curves could be found with normal and castrated rabbits, and moreover the increase of the absorption ability could be recognized by sexual hormones.

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The anthor has already reported the fact of the absorption ability of the seminal vesicles by using the adrenal hormones with rabbits. In this report, the experiments were performed by the administration of adrenalin and cortisone on 15 male patients with genital organ diseases, and the blood dextrose levels were compared.
1. The blood level showed the highest within one hour after the hypodermic injection of adrenalin and returned to normal after 3 hours.
2. By injecting adrenalin into the seminal vesicles through vas deferens, the blood level showed also high and maintained for comparatively long time.
3. By the administration of cortisone, the blood level showed slightly high, and the differences could be found between intramuscular injection and the seminal vesicles injection and the seminal vesicles injection through vesicles injection through vas deferens.

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Morphological studies on the ciliary muscles, lamina vitrea and ciliary vessels were made, and the results are as follows:
1. Fine fibrils and nuclei were seen in the inner sheet of the lamina vitrea. Therfore the inner sheet is not structureless, as it is generally considerd, but a fibrous membrane.
2. When the ciliary muscles contract the lamina vitrea puts pressure on the vitreous, so that the anterior chamber becomes narrow, and aquious outflow is improved.
3. When the ciliary muscles contract, the ciliary body becomes congestiv and the aquious humor is more produced.
4. When the lamina vitrea is pulled forward by the contraction of the ciliary muscles, the compression of the visual cells takes place, and anemia of the coroidal vessels occurs near the optic nerve head, so the blind sport expands.

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It was observed in the preliminary study that there was diminution of the H reflex in the calf muscles with hypoactive ankle jerk after gamma fibre blocking with procaine injected in the tibial nerve. Although no remarkable change on motor power of the muscle was seen.
The present investigation deals with mechanism of this diminution of the H reflex and with regulation of motor unit discharge during voluntary contraction after gamma fiber blocking.
1. Diminution of the H reflex.
Amplitude of H reflex response which had been diminished after gamma fibere blocking was recovered by voluntary contraction of the calf muscles. There was little change observed in the latent period of the H reflex between the experimental states with and without voluntary contraction. Excitability of the motoneurone measured by the H reflex recovery curve with conditioning and test stimulus indicated that there was a marked increase of excitability of the motoneurone during voluntary contraction of the muscles. These results suggest that the diminution of the H reflex after gamma fibre blocking is due to decreased motoneurone excitability which is a result of diminished afferent impulse to the motoneurone from the spindle. On the other hand, augmentation of the H reflex response during voluntary contraction is due to increased motoneurone excitability where descending impulse to the motonerone from upper motor neurone compensate the loss of afferent impulse from the spindle.
2. Effect of gamma blocking upon veluntary contraction.
There was never observed the démblée type of discharge at the onset of contraction and could not do a quick contraction of the muscle. There was seen prolonged reaction time on the E. M. G. although no decrease of motor power detected after gamma bloking.
This may indicate again that there is decrease of motoneurone excitability after gamma blocking and it takes a little time to recover this decreased excitability by impulse from upper motor neurone at the onset of voluntary contraction.

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The vicissitude of B. T. S. dosis in urine and the infuluence of vitamin B to it were observed on 20 cases of female lung tuberculosis patients of various degree to severe cases from mild cases with the administration of glucose. And the results were as follows.
1. Vitamin B₁ and B. T. S. in urine decreased after the administration of 20% glucose 20 cc, in the 5 cases of 20 cases, and those were mild moderate cases. The cases showing the increase of them were moderate and severe ones.
2. B. T. S. in urine increased after the administration of 50% glucose 20 cc, in all cases.
3. In mild cases, the disposal function of B. T. S. was activated with the fixed dosis of glucose, but the function was not activated with the excess dosis of glucose.
4. The decrease of B. T. B. dosis in urine was observed on the 5 cases of the 15 cases, which did not show the decrease of B. T. B. dosis on the administration of glucose only, with the intravenous administration of vitamin B₁ 5 mg at 1 hour before the administration of 20% glucose 20 cc.
5. The cases which did not show the decrease of B. T. S. dosis in urine by the administration of vitamin B₁ was mostly severe cases and most of the cases showed liver damage, promotion of erythrocyte sedimentation reaction and positive bacillus in sputum.
6. The correlation between the Sawada's reaction and the vicissitude of B. T. S. dosis urine was not always observed.
7. No difference between the simple use of vitamin B₁ 5 mg and the mixed use of vitamin B₁ and B₂ 5 mg was observed.
8. Using T. O. E. D. 20 mg instead of vitamin B₁ 5 mg by intravenous injection, the effect was observed on the 3 cases of 10 cases without the effect of vitamin B₁ 5 mg. In other words, it was understood that there were cases with lack of vitamin B₁ in cases of lung tuberculosis.
9. No differences among the mixed use of T. O. E. D. and vitamin B₂ grucuronic acid soda and the simple use of T. O. E. D. were observed.

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The influence of glucose and various vitamin to the excreted dosis of pyro-racemic acid in urine was observed on 40 cases (male 19, female 21) of lung tuberculosis. And the results were as follows.
1. The dosis of vitamin B₁ and B₂ in urine for one day had relation to the severity of disease and the excreted dosis of visamin B₁ and B₂ into urine decreased with severe case.
2. The decrease of the excreted dosis of pyro-racemic acid in urine was observed on the 30 cases of 40 cases with the intravenous injection of 20% glucose 0.1 cc per kg and it was observed on the 20 cases of 40 cases with the administration of 20% glucose 0.2 cc per kg. In other words, glucose activated the disposal function of Pyro-racemic acid in some degree. And at that time, the considerable correlation between the severity of disease and the above function was observed, but it had no relation with cavity, excretion of bacillus, erythrocyte sedimentation rate liver function or subjective symptoms.
3. Giving vitamin B₁ 5 mg at 1 hour before the administration of 20% glucose 0.2 cc per kg, the decrease of pyroracemic acid was observed on the 6 cases of 20 cases which did not show the decrease or pyro-racemic acid, and it was shown in the 4 more cases on the use of cocarboxylase 5 mg instead of vitamin B₁. Furthermore, it was seen in the 4 cases of 10 cases, which did not show the decrease of pyro-racemic acid on the use of cocarboxylase, on the mixed use of cocarboxylase and vitamin B₂ 5 mg and it was seen in the 6 cases of them on the use of cocarboxylase and glucose after the adminstration of pantotenic acid calcium 200 mg for 3 day. The above cases included the 4 cases showing the decrease on the mixed use of vitamin B₂. And it was seen in the 6 cases of them on the administration of thioctic acid 10 mg at 1 hour the administration of glucose, and the 3 cases of them were same to the cases showing the decrease on the mixed use of cocarboxylase and pantotenic acid and other 3 cases was the cases which did not show the decrease on the mixed use of the above drugs. And the decrease of pyro-racemic acid was seen in all of 10 cases on the mixed use of thioctic acid 10 mg and glucose.
4. The disposition of pyroracemic acid became smooth by the addition of cocarboxylase, pantotenic acid and thioctic acid etc. with the combination of phosphorus in vitamin B₁ in lung tubercuosis. In other words, the latent deficiency of vitamin and enzyme, especially the deficiency of thioctic acid, was noticed.

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1. The oxidation of bilirubin by oxygen in alkaline solution was rapidly performed with high pH value, and the diazo reaction was positive for a while after the disappearance of the absorption maximum of bilirubin.
2. The absorption maximum of propentdyopent product displayed at 264 mn, that of pentdyopent product displayed at 523 mμ and that of bilifuscin displayed at 270 mμ in aqueous sclution.
3. Bilirubin turned into biliverdin at first, and then it turned into bilifuscin through pentdyopent product on the oxidation process.
4. Bilirubin and biliverdin were identified by chromatography in alkaline solution of bilirubin after the disappearance of it's absorption maximum and the display of negative diazo reaction.
5. The oxidation process of bilirubin in the sun light was same to that in the air, but the decomposition velocity of the former was more rapid than that of the latter.
6. Bilifuscin was separated, by the difference of cross-combination, in order of water soluble, chloroform soluble and methanol soluble one.

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1. The absorption maximum on the addition of phosphate buffer after the dissolution of ester-form bilirubin into caustic soda solution dasplayed at 410 mμ imediately after the dissolution without the relation of the pH value of solvent and the diazo reaction showed prompt one.
2. Ester-form bilirubin was rapidly destroyed with high pH value in alkaline solution. The velocity of oxidizing decomposition was more rapid than that of crystalline bilirubin.
3. Bilifuscin obtained from ester-form bilirubin displayed the absorpton maximum at 331 mu by the ester combination, but the proper absorption maximum with the rise of absorption curve tending to the side of short wave length from 280 mμ was not observed. The absorption curve of propentdyopent product did not show the proper absorption maximum, except the absorption maximum of ester combination, but it's absorption maximum displayed at 523 mμ after pentdyopent reaction.
4. Ester-form bilirubin resolved into biliverdin, a product with the complicated small absorption maximum between 612 and 592 mμ and a product with the absorption maximum at 400 mμ by the oxidation of oxygan, and it turned to bilifuscin through pentdyopent product on the further oxidation.
5. Bilirubin and biliverdin were identified by chromatography in alkaline solution of ester-form bilirubin after the disappearance of it's absorption maximum and the display of negative diazo reaction.

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The clinical significance of fibrinolytic phenomenon and serum capillary permeability promoting action (CPP action) etc. was observed on diseases of the liver and bile ducts. And the results were as follows.
1. As for the fibrinolysis in liver diseases, the activity was remarkable in order of liver cancer, hemolytic jaundice, liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis and hepatosplenic syndrome, and the activity of fibrinolytic enzyme was relatively remarkable as it showed 66% in acute hepatitis, 87% in chronic hepatitis and 83% in liver cirrhosis.
2. The relative correlation between the action of serum CPP and the activity of fibrinolysis was observed and the rise of serum CPP action was seen in order of chronic hepatitis, liver cancer, acute hepatitis, hemolytic jaundice and liver cirrhosis.
3. The correlation between the number of petechia by the resistance test of capillary and fibrinolysis was not observed.
4. The correlation between the activity of fibrinolysis and serum bilirubin or the bromsulphalein test was not clearly observed, but the correlation between the activity of fibrinolysis and the histological changes of liver, necrosis and degeneration of liver cells or multiplication of stromal connective tissue etc., was considerably observed.

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Proteolytic enzyme in serum and urine was measured and it's clinical significance was observed on diseases of the liver and bile ducts. And the results were as follows.
1. In diseases of the liver and bile ducts, the value of serum proteolytic enzyme showed relatively high and urinary proteolytic enzyme also showed the positive rate of 40%.
2. As for the value of serum proteolytic enzyme, the activity value was high in mechanical jaundice, hemolytic jaundice, acute hepatitis and liver cirrhosis and it was moderate in liver cancer, cholecystopathy and chronic hepatitis.
3. Urinary proteolytic enzyme showed the activity in mechanical jaundice, hemolytic jaundice and helatosplenic syndrome and it was found over 40% in the cases showing the activity of urinary proteolytic enzyme, i.e. mechanical jaundice, hemolytic jaundice, posthepatic syndrome and acute hopatitis etc.
4. In mechanical jaundice, the value of serum proteolytic enzyme was 61.6 unit on the average and it showed the highest value in liver diseases, and the value of urinary proteolytic enzyme showed the activity value in 75% of the cases and it was the highest rate and it was interested in making the differential diagnosis of jaundice.
5. The value of serum proteolytic enzyme showed the distinct relation with the serum bilirubin and serum alkaliphosphatase, but it did not show any relation with the total serum protein and serum colloidal reaction.

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The auther made the precipitation test using the extracted solution of human liver with physiological salt solution as the antigen. And the results were as follows.
1. In cases of acute hepatitis, the antibody to the extracted antigen from human liver with physiological salt solution was identified by the precipitation test and it showed rather high positive rate than that of other diseases.
2. The close correlation among the appearance of it's antibody in precipitation test, the damaged grade of liver function and the damaged grade of pigment excreting function was observed.
3. The close correlation between the appearance of it's antibody in peripheral blood stream by precipitation test and the value of serum bilirubin was observed.
4. The correlation between the apperance of it's antibody in peripheral blood stream by the precipitation test and hepatomegalia was observed.
5. The close correlation between the appearance of it's antibody in peripheral blood stream by the precipitation test and the number of leupocyte was not observed, but the decreasing tendency of leukocyte count was observed on the appearance of it's antibody in peripheral blood stream, and lymphocytosis, monocytosis and the appearance of plasmoid cells were also observed on the percentage of leukocyte, in the cases with the the observation of clinical course.
6. The appearance of it's antibody in peripheral blood stream by the precipitation test was considerably well observed on the begin of disease and it disappeared from the blood stream with the convalescence of disease, but it was identified at the time of relapse and recurrence in chronic cases.
7. In epidmic hepatitis, the substance corresponding to the extracted antigen from the human liver was identified by the precipitation test, other than the complement fixation test, and the presence of both antibodies corresponding to the same antigen was clarified. And the both antibodies showed almost same vicissitude with the clinical course and it was clarified that they were the auto-liver antibody produced in the living body as the antigen, the substance produced from the primary liver damage by virus of hepatitis (i.e. the products by the degeneration, necrosis and distruction in liver).

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With the purpose to clarify the movement of antibody, which was reacted to the extracted antigen of human liver with physiological salt solution identified in the serum of epidemic hepatitis patient, in vivo, the auther studied the presence of antibody to the liver antigen and it's vicissitude in the rabbite with the experimental liver damage occured from the sensitization by homologous liver, the administration of homologous anti-liver serum and various drugs. And the results were as follows.
1. The author sensitized homologous animal (rabbit) by the extracted antigen of rabbit's liver with physiological salt solution and phosphatide of rabbit's liver and certified the production of homologous antibody by the precipitation test.
2. The production of auto-liver antibody by the liver damage originated from the relative peculiarity of organ was observed on the administration of antiserum of rabbit's liver into homologous animal (rabbit).
3. Comparing the sensitization of homologous animal (rabbit) by homologous liver phosphatide with that by homologous liver emulsion with physiological salt solution, the pathological picture (Necrosis of liver cells, degeneration of nucleus, edema and multiplication of stroma, infiltration of leukocyte, swelling and multiplication of star cells) of the former was remarkable, but no remarkable difference between the pathological pictures of their livers was observed on the administration of anti-liver serum, obtained from the above treatment, into homologous animal (rabbit).
4. The appearance of antibody to the extracted antigen of hemologous liver with physiological salt solution was identified in parallel with liver function damage and leucocytosis of the animal on the occurence of experimental liver damge by various drugs (carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and formic acid allyl).

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1. The absorption maximum of oxyhemoglobin gradually shifted to the short wave length on the subcutaneous administration of blood to white rat and it displayed at 576, 572, 550, 490, 538, and 495 mμ and bilirubin displaying the absorption maxima at 478-480 mμ. And the product with the absorption maxima at 490 and 495 mμ was thought to be the iron acetate of bilirubin since the photometric and histochemical observations.
2. The absorption maximum of oxyhemoglobin shifted to the short wave length on the subcutaneous administration of blood to chicken, besides, a remarkable green pigment (biliverdin) was produced at the relatively early period and choleglobin with the absorpticn maximum at 630 mμ was identified with the absorption maximum of oxyhemoglobin at the same time. The region of biliverdin gradually shifted to bilirubin from the circumference.
3. The golden yellow hematoidin crystal appearing in bilirubin of yellow pigment displayed the absorption maximum at 478-480 mμ and it agreed with the absorption maximum on the subcutaneous injection of crystal billirubin in advance. Moreover. the absorption curve in the region with the collection of hematoidin crystal showed the most typical absorption curve of bilirubin.
4. The above results of absorption curve agreed with the results of histochemical studies by Nanba and Nishinobu in our department, and it was proved that the decomposition process of hemoglobin in vivo agreed with that of experiment in the test-tube.

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The formation of bilirubin with the absorption maximum at 478-480 mμ from verdohemoglobin could be scarecely decided, because the mixture of decompostion from the oxyhemoglobin produced by the subcutaneous injection of verdohemoglobin to white rat.
2. The appearance of bilirubin was observed at the relatively early period on the administration of biliverdin to white rat and the apperance of relatively numerous hematodin crystal was observed.
3. On the subcutaneous administration of hematoidin to white rat, it elapsed the product displaying the absorption maximum at 630 mμ and resolved to bilirubin without the formation of methemalbumin.

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The kidney function test by means of the clearance method was done on various medical diseases in the wide scope and the correlation between those diseases and their kidney function was observed. And the results were as follows.
1. The low value of GFR was specific in acute glomerulonephritis, the decline of RPF was specific in chronic glomerulonephritis, and both of GFR and RPF declined in nephrosis. In kidney tuberculosis, both of GFR and RPF were declined or normal in some of them, but it related to the attacked degree of disease. No remarkable changes of them were observed on kidney stone.
2. The rise of GFR was observed on Basedow's disease, the fall of GFR was observed on myxoedema with RPF and the rise of FF was observed on the former. In diabetes, both of GFR and RPF were normal or slightly rised. In Cushing's syndrome, GFR was a little decline, RPF was decreased and the rise of FF was observed. In uremia, the decrease of GFR, RPF and FF, especially the extreme decline of RR, was observed.
3. In essential hypertension, both of GFR and RPF declined, and the decline of RPF was remarkable and the rise of FF was observed. In renal hypertension, FF was declined by the remarkable decline of GFR.
4. In heart failure without compensation, both of GFR and RPF were low and those were within normal value in heart failure with compensation. In subacute bacterial endocarditis, they showed the different attitude before or after the treatment.
5. No abnormality of them was observed on stomach ulcer.
6. In hepatitis, the decline of RPF in the II form by H. Eppinger, the rise of it in the III form by H. Eppinger were observed and there were normal value, the increase of GFR and the rise of FF by the decrease RPF in liver. In livercirrhosis, it was in normal limit, because it might be at the compensative stadium. No fixed tendency was not observed on cholecystopathy.
7. In pleurisy with fluid, a little rise of RPF, the decrease of FF and the rise of RR were observed, and normal value of them and the decrease of RR were observed on pleurisy without fluid. In lung tuberculosis, they were in normal limit.
8. The decline of FF and a litte high RPF in infectious mononucleosis, a little decrease of RPF in thrombosis of splenic vein, the remarkable low value of GFR and GPF in leukemia, the rise of RPF and the decline of FF in hemorrhagic purpura were observed, but their cases were very few.
9. As for the kidney function of tonsillitis with or without tonsillectomy, both of GFR and RPF were declined at 1 week after the tonsillectomy and the increasing tendency of RPF was observed on the one case which could be checked at 2 week after the tonsillectomy.

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The kidney function in the administration of various liver poisons was observed by means of kidney clearance method. And the results were as follows.
1. In the cases with the subcutaneous injection of formic acid allyl 50 mg per kg of one time, Ht, GFR and RPF were all risen at the 2 nd hour after the injection, especially RPF was remarkable, and it was rapidly fallen and the cases was deceased. FF declined and RR did not show a fixed tendency.
2. In the cases with the continuous subcutaneous injection of formic acid allyl 10 mg per kg every day, Ht showed the risiug tendency, RPF showed the rise at the 1-3 rd day after the injection and showed the high value, GFR declined at the 1 st day and rose at the 2 nd day and it showed high value, and FF and RR did not show a fixed tendency.
3. In the cases with the peroral administration of phosphorus yellow 0.02 g per kg, Ht temporarily rised at the 4-6 th hour, GFR and RPF rose at the 2-4 th hour, especially the high value of RPF was observed. FF generally showed the rise at the 2 nd hour and it showed the decrease after 2 hours. RR showed the temporary increase in 3 of 5 cases.
4. In the cases of the peroral administration of carbon tetrachioride 0.5 cc per kg of one time, Ht generally rose at the 4-6 th hour, GFR and RPF showed the high value in 3 of 5 cases at the 4-6 th hour and it gradually fell with the considerable shaking. FF and RR did not show the fixed tendency.
5. In the cases of the continucus subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride 0.3 cc per kg for 3 days, GFR and RPF showed the rise since the next day, and FF showed the decrease in the living cases and it showed the rise immediately before the death. RR did not show a fixed tendency.
6. In the cases with the subcutaneous injection of chloroform (in the dilution of 20%) 0.5 cc per kg, GFR and RPF rose at the 2-4-6 the hour and it fell at the 24 th hour or 2nd day and showed low value.
7. In the cases with the intravenous injection of hepatotoxin (0.5 cc per kg) of antibody titer 64, GFR and RPF showed the temporary rise, and FF and RR did not show the fixed tendency.
8. In the cases with the intrevenous injection of hepatotoxin (0.25 cc per kg) of antibody titer 256 ofr 3 days, GFR and RPF fell and decreased at the 2-7 th day, those showed the reconvery and rise at the 10 th day more than those before the administration, FF showed a little decreasing tendency and RR did not show the fixed tendency.
9. The kidney function in liver damage often showed the compennation temporarily, especially it was remarkable on GFR and RPF, but no fixed tendency was scarecely observed on FF and RR as individal function. But the compeneative function was not observed and the decline was observed on the cases with the continuous administration of hepatotoxin of high antibody titer for 3 days, and the complicated correlation between liver function and kidney function was observed.

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With the purpose to clarify the condition of oxidation-reduction potential in the skin of jaundiced patients, the author made the preliminary experiment by the injection of 2. 3. 5. triphenyl tetrazolium chloride, neo tetrazolium chloride and blue tetrazolium into dogs and rabbits, employing the Arakawa's method, and it was recognized the T. T. C. test by Arakawa was the best method to apply to human body. Therefore, the test was attempted on 20 cases of healthy human, 110 cases of various liver and bile ducts diseases (75 cases of them showed hyperbilirubinemia over 1 mg/dl) and 21 cases of other diseases, and the above results was compared with various clinical symptoms and clinical courses. And the results were as follows.
1. Using the above agents as a oxidation-reduction. dicator of skin in living body, the sensitivity was in order of N. T C., T. T. C. and B. T., but the side effect was the most scanty in T. T. C., Therefore, the T. T. C. test by Arakawa was the best for the application to human body, and N. T. C. had the utility value on the animal experiment since the stability and sensitivity to light, but B. T. could not use.
2. The difference of oxidation-reduction potential among healty human, dog and rabbit was clearly observed, and this test was the most in rabbit, and then in dog, and the most low in human.
3. The T. T. C. test was almost negative in healthy human, but in was positive in all cases of mechanical jaundice, and it showed positive by the stadium or symptom in acute hepatitis and livercirrhosis, and it was seen at the early period of acute stadium in the former and it was seen in the cases of the latter with continuous jaundice over 60 days. In and it was negative or slight positive in chronic hepatitis. It was negative in hemolytic jaundice and others.
4. Comparing T. T. C. test with various clinical symptoms and various clinical tests, it had relation to serum total bilirubin especially direct bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and skin itching, and it had considerable relation to serum colloidal reaction in acute hepatitis and BSP-test.
5. Therefore, it was thought that there were close correlation between the oxidationreduction potential of skin and the mechanism in which Verdinikterus was occured from the change of disposed bilirubin in skin to biliverdin.

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With the purpose to clarify the deposited region of bilirubin and the cause of green tone in the skin of jaundiced patients, the author made the histochemical observation, employing the frezing-drying and also made the observation on the stainability of both fibers, being chiefly composed by collagen and elastoid, to the serum of jaundiced patient and various bilibubin solutions in vitro, using the tail's tendon of young white rat. And the results were as follows.
1. The author applied the freezing-drying to the histochemical studies on the skin stained by bilirubin and got the satisfactory results.
2. As for the staining condition of bilirubin in the skin of jaundiced patient, it was diffuse, but not the paticular region or fiber.
3. Staining the fiber, being chiefly composed by collagen and elastoid, by each solution of cristallin bilirubin, bilirubin soda salt, natural salt-form and ester-form bilirubin and serum of jaundiced patients in the buffer solutions with various pH value, the stainability was the best on the use of ester-form bilirubin and the best pH value was 7.0, and the deposited bilurbin was easily changed to biliverdin on the shift of pH to alkaline side.
4. Staining the above both fibers by biliverdin as same as bilirubin, it's staining deposition was the same degree with that of bilirubin.
5. Therefore, the staining deposition of skin in jaundice was not in the elastin of elastic fiber as put forward by F. Rosenthal, it was diffusely seen in the whole of skin and it was rather strong in the collagenous fiber than elastoid. Shifting the pH of skin to akaline side, the deposited bilirubin was easlly changed to biliverdin and Verdinikterus was occured from it.

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The peritoneal absorptive function was observed on the rabbits with the intraperitoneal administration of BSP by the vicissitude of BSP concentration in peripheral blood. And the results were as follows.
1. The peritoneal absorptive function became the highest at 30 minutes-1 hour after the intraperitoneal administration without the relation of BSP concentration or BSP dosis injected into the peritoneal cavity.
2. The peritoneal absorptive function of pigment was increased in the dilution of BSP with physiogical salt solution on the intraperitonsal administration of BSP in the same dosis into the same individual.
3. The absorption curve showed a slack curve after 24 hours of injection and it was hard to get down to 0% after both of 24 hours and 48 hours.
4. The higher the maximum concentration get, the sharper was the absorption curve, except the cases with general narcosis of thiobal. In other words, it was almost same to that of the cases with the low value of maximum concentration, even in the cases with the highest value of maximum concentration and it showed around 5%, i.e. it was thought that the excretion into the bile duct was rapid with the concentration in blood.
5. The maximum concentration was high under the general narcosis by thiobal and showed 100% in some cases. It was thought that the high maximum concentration was caused by the acceleration of peritoneal absorptive function and the temporary decline of liver function.
6. The best method was the intraperitoneal injection of BSP 50 mg per kg in the dilution with 30 cc of physiological salt solution into rabbits through the region with local narcosis of procain hydrochloride.

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The peritoneal absorptive function by BSP was observed on the rabbits with experimental liver damage. And the results were as follows.
1. The maximum concentration of BSP in peripheral blood was 85% on the average in both of cases with liver damage by chloroform and carbon tetrachloride, the arrival time was 30 minutes or 1 hour, the decrease after 2 hours was inactive and it showed 7%, 5%; 5, 7%; 3, 3% after 24 or 48 hours.
2. The value of cases with thrombosis of reticuloendothelial system was same to that of healthy cases reported in the I Part.
3. Therefore, the decision of this method could be useful, if the arrival time of maximum concentration was taken as the mark.
4. It reached up to the maximum after 30 minutes and returned to 0% after 1-2 hours on the direct injection of BSP into the portal vein.
5. Therefore, it might be signified that the reason not to return to 0% after 24-48 hours in healthy cases or cases with thrombosis of reticuloendothelial system was due to the slow absorption from the peritoneum.

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The tests of peritoneal absorptive function with PSP by Matsunaga and Matsuda were reexamined. And the results were as follows.
1. In healthy rabbits, the maximum concentration of excretion into urine was 16.6% the arival time to the maximum value was 45 minutes and it was a little different to the results and it was same to that by the method which took the value at 1 or 2 hours after the injection of pigment as the standard value.
2. In the rabbits with damage by chloroform and carbon tetrachloride, the decline of maximum value, the delay of arrival time to the maximum value and the prolongation of course etc. were not defined in the former, but the delay of the arrival time to the maximum value was only observed of the letter. It was thought that these results showed not only the decline of peritoneal absorptive function in liver damage by the above drugs, but also the kidney damage by drugs,
3. In the cases with kidney damage by corrosive sublimate, the maximum value of excretion was 4.5-5.0%, the arrival time to the maximum value was 3 hours and the intervention of the factor by kidney damage was remarkable.

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The peritoneal absorptive function test by the use of BSP, the Matsunaga's and Matsuda's methods by the use of PSP were observed on the rabbits under the same condition. And the results were as follows.
1. In the rabbits with kidney damage by corrosisve sublimate, the BSP method showed the same value with healthy cases, but the decline of excretion, the delay of arrival time to the maximum value and the transformation of excretion curve were observed on the PSP method. In other words, the factor of kidney damage could be removed in the BSP method.
2. Making the BSP and PSP methods on the rabbits with tuberculous peritonitis by the intraperitoneal administration of tuberculous bacillus, abnormal findings were not observed, at 8-10 th day after the injection of tuberculous bacillus, on both of method, and the decline of maximum value, the delay of arrival time to the maximum value and the decline of absorptive function were observed, after 20-22 days, on both of method, but the reversion to normal value was observed, after 40-42 days, on both of method. In other words, the same tendency could be observed on both of BSP and PSP methods.

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By inoculating a given amount of Extromelia virus to roups of mice, intrapeitoneally, orally, in toe foot, through the nasal passage, or subcutaneously (the back), and by preparing the suppernatant of the liver emulsion from these infected mice, the author performed erythrocyte agglutination tests (Hists's phenomenon); and obtained the fhllowing resnlts.
1. Juding from the changes in the agglutination values, the most vigorous proliferation of the virus seems to occur at the early stage of the infection and of the onset of symptoms in every group.
2. At the peark of the infection the erythrocyt agglutination value in every group falls rapidly, and this seems to be due to the antigen-antibody reaction.
3. The reticulo-endothelial system is not the necessary site for the infection of Extromelia virus nor doest it has any function as the stie of the antibody production.
4. It seems that the antigen-antibody reaction of Extromelia virus is the serum affinity antige-antibody reaction and it is represented by the changes in the blood vessel listem as its main symptoms.
5. The difference in the distribution of pathologic changes between the diffuse hapatic changes in ths group infected intraperitoneally or orally and localized changes in the group infected unber foot, via nasal passage or subcutaneously (the back) may be interpreted as not to be dependent on the reaction pattern of allergic inflammation bnt to be due to the anatomical difference in the infection route.
6. This interpretation will offer a certain theoretical basis in support of the assumptions made in ous department as regards the pattern of infectious hepatitis and the route of its infection.

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1. The greater is the amount of Extromelia virus incoculated intraperitoneally the earlier is the onset of the symptoms and death of mice, revealing a straight live rise in the erythrocyte agglutination value. In contrast to the serum affinity antigen-antibody reaction observable in the groups inoculated with a small amount of the virus, both groups inoculated with virus supernatant diluted 20-fold and 100-fold respectively show relatively or absolutely no reaction and die.
2. The toxicity of the so-called concomitant substance is trivial.
3. When the mice with incomplete immunity are reinfected with Extromelia virus, the pathological picture is controlled only by the quantity of the virus Inoculated.
4. When the mice infected with Extromelia virus are enforced to labor, these animals die at the early stage of the onset of symptoms and the recovery mechanism of pathologic changes is delayed.
5. Therefore, the principal cause of the electro-shock hepatitis lies in the toxicity of the virus and the quantity of virus inoculated and it is in no way associted with the incomplete immunity. Moreover, the enforcing labor seems only to aggravate the pathologic conditions of the animals, showing absolutely no process of recuperation and extremely little infiltration of round cells.
6. Histological changes are especially marked in the liver, spleen and bone marrow; and in the lung, hemorrhagic interalveolitis and nephro-nephritis can be recognized in the kidney.
7. Pathologic changes at the peak of the infection in the animals inoculated with a great quantity of Extromelia virus resemble closely to the histological changes of viscera in the human electro-schook hepatitis; and in the case inoculated with a relatively large amour. of the virus the changes resemble to the visceral histological changes at the peak in th. human hepatitis. Moreover, the histological picture of the liver during the period from the virus inoculation to the peak of the infection and the same in the animals escaped the death, taking the similar course as at peak of the human hepatitis observable by the biopsy, resemble the picture of the liver in the human hepatitis at the later stage of recuperation.
8. The pathological picture in the mice infected with Ectromelia virus closely resemble that in the humsn infectious hepatitis and both seem to revel mesenchymal tissue reaction as the basic histological changes.

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The nature of pathological changes in alveolar pyorrhoea is so complicated and varied, that there are many methods of attack in the treatment of this disease. For the clinicians who actually handle such cases, it is essential to select the most suitable treatment, so that recovery may be swiftly brought about. With this point in mind, the authors present their suggestions on surgical treatment, including gingival curettage, gingivectomy, flap operation of the gingiva (as well as its modified method), and tooth extraction.

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In a previous report the anthors presented their suggestions for the surgical treatment of alveolar pyorrhoea. However, after further experience in a clinic established specifically for the treatment of this disease, new modes of treatment have been utilized and are reported upon in this paper. The authors discuss for removing the cause of the disease (systemic and local), symptomatic treatment (anti-inflammatory, repair of gingival pocket, and immobilization of loose teeth), supplementary and after-treatments; and they also reappraise the entire approach to the treatment of the disease.

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