In this paper, the author intended to analize the mechanism of acceleration in the growth of Brown-Pearce Tumor (BPT) after splenectomy, described in my previous paper. Considering the intimate relationship between spleen and reticuloendothelial system (RES), author followed up the function of RES in BPT bearing rabbits and examined the influences of splenectomy upon them.
The phagocytability of RES detemined by use of Adler-Reimann's Congored Test and the ability of antibody formation was estimated from the value of haemoagglutinin (HA), formed after the intravenous injection of 5% physiologic saline solution of healthy O-typed human red blood cells, of 3cc per 1 Kg of body weight, into rabbit, 3 or 5 days after the transplantation.
The result revealed as follows;
1) The phagocytability of rabbit was not disturbed by the implantation of BPT into the testicle and by continuous localized growth of tumor tissue, but in accordance with the beginning stadium of remote metastasis, an impairement of this function appeared gradually.
2) It was the noticeable fact that the marked deterioration of HA formation in BPT bearing rabbit occurred from such early stage of transplantation as the tumor was hardly palpable in the testicle. And that this phenomen was not due to the tissue transplantation was proved by the experimental results showing no decrease in HA formation after the implantation of the liver homogenate into a testicle of normal rabbit.
3) The fluctuation of increase in serum γ-globulin level accompanied with HA formation went parallel with values of HA in seruem. This suggested that the lowering of haemoag-glutination did not depend upon the inhibition by such substance in serum as mucoprotein, but upon the poor formation of HA itself.
4) In BPT bearing rabbit, although the phagocytability was not influence by splenectomy, but the deterioration of HA formation ability showed further increase in its grade by splenectomy.
5) From the results described above, the author presumed that this marked deterioration of HA formation ability in BPT bearing rabbit was specific for the existence of growing tumor tissue, and was due not to the exhaustion of the function of RES, but probably to the preceding formation of antibody against the tumor tissue in RES, aud, in this point of view, splenectomy would give an influence upon the tumor growth as a sequela of an influence upon the fuction of RES.

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The author found that the existence of induced antibodies in the sera of rabbits bearing Brown-Pearce Tumor (B. P. T.), which agglutinated such parti-cles as O-typed human red blood cells, Caolin and India-ink, adsorbed on their surface antigenic substances in physiolcgic saline extract of B. P. T.
And this induced antibodies were found not to be tumor-specific, from the facts that particles sensitixed with physiologic saline extract of tissue of the liver and kidney obtained from the same rabbit as tissue of the tumor was taken, were also agglutinated by the serum of rabbit bearing B. P. T. and that particles sensitized with the extract of B. P. T. was aggletinated by the serum of rabbit immunized with tissue of the liver of the same species. But the author could not help presuming the existence of specific anti-body in the serum of rabbit bearing B. P. T. from the experimental results presenting that particles sensitized with the extract of B. P. T. were agglutinated in the most high titer by the serum of rabbit bearing B. P. T. and after the cessation of agglutinin formation for the particles sensitized with tissue of the liver, that for the particles sensitized with B. P. T. still continued on.
Splenctomy had no remarkable influence on the ability of this agglutinin formation in rabbits bearing B. P. T. It would be concluded that the significance of splenectomy on the formation of anticarcinomatous antibody must be studied further, under the condition presenting strictly the tumor specific immune reaction.

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In the surveys on the incidence and subjective symptoms of myopia conducted with 1, 268 students of Taihoku City Daido Middle schools the author odtained the following results:
1. Students with myopia amounted to 245 (19.36%), comprised of 14.7 per cent in the junior middle school and 26.0 per cent in senior middle school.
2. The incidence of myopia among the students in Taiwan is greater in lower grades when compared with that in Japan. This seems to be due to the influence of complicated Chinese characters.
3. Most of students with myopia complain of asthenopia more often and to a greater degree than students without myopia.
4. Symptoms such as obscured vision, general malaise, pain in and about the orbit, pain in and about the eye, headache, fatigued vision, and photophobia, what seem to be due to the fatigue of ciliary muscle, are more frequently complained by students with myopia than those without.

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By examining 160 eyes of 80 students with mild myopia (under3D) age ranging from 12 to 25 years and as the controls 60 eyes of 30 students from 19 to 25 years for their refraction, accommodation amplitude, and the degree of asthenopia, the author obtained the following results:
1. The amplitude of accommodation in myopia is weakened as compared with that of normal eyes.
2. The younger the students with mild school myopia the more marked is the difference in the accmmodation amplitude when compared with that of the control, but this difference lessens as students approach 25 years old. This seems to be the result of strengthening of the accommodation amplitude in older students because they wear eyeglasses.
3. The fluctuation in near point and the weakening of accommodation amplitude have been found in 41.8 per cent of myopia whereas 0 per cent in the control, thus indicating the presence of ciliary muscle dysfuncton in mild myopia.
4. In mild myopia the degree of refraction and the accommodation amplitude are in converse relationship, namely, it has been confirmed that the stronger the degree of myopia, the weaker is the amdlitude of accommodation.
5. There is no mutual ralationship between the weakening of the accommodation amplitude and the degree of asthenopia in mild myopia.

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By examining 160 eyes of 80 students with mild school myopia below-3D age ranging 12 to 25 years and 60 eyes of 30 normal students from the age of 19 to 25 years as the control for their subjective symptoms, the degree of refraction, fundus findings, and the accommodative enlargement of Mariotte's blind spot, the author studied the differences between the students with myopia and the normal students, and obtained the following results:
1. No difference in the size of the blind spot beween the students with myopia and the control can be recognized both before and after wearing eyeglasses (+4D).
2. The degree of the remaining accommodative enlargement and consensual enlargement of blind spot are both greater in myopia than in normal eyes. Therefore, it seems that there exists dys-function of Brücke's muscle in myopia.
3. There is no mutual relationship between the degree of remaining enlargement of the blind spot and the severity of myopia.
4. Likewise there exists no mutual relationship between the degree of subjective symptoms and the degree of remaining enlargement of the blind spot.
5. The absence of the mutual relationship above mentioned seems in all probability to be due to the fact that sclerotic expands and the orbital axis elongates along with the progress of myopia resulting in the loosening of ciliary muscle tension.
6. As for the fundus findings in mild myopia, such symptoms as milky relfex, redness of the disc, and venous dilatation, all pointing to the circulatory disturbances of the retinochorioidea, can de recognized in high percentage.
7. From these results it can be assumed that there exists a marked dysfunction of Brücke's muscle in school myopia.

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By administering daily injections of Myanol a muscle relaxing agent containing a component 3-ortho-toloxy-1. 2-propandiol, consecutively for 5 days to 40 patients with mild myopia under -3.OD (diopter), the author pursued what effects such injections would exert on the faculty of vision, the degree of myopia, and the accommodative enlargement of Mariotte's blind spot.
1. By the Myanol injection the faculty of vision has been markedly improved, showing in 59.2 per cent of the patients regaining the faculty of vision over 0.5 and in 27.6 per cent of them meked effect of restoring the faculty well over 1.0.
2. Most of mild myopia have been alleviated, and in 27.0 per cent the faculty of vision has been completely restored. The average refraction before the Myanol injections was -1.595 D and it was brought down to -0.814 D after the injection,
3. Myanol has a striking effect on myopia under -1.5D, but it demonstrates no effect on those above -1.75 D.
4. As for the size of blind spot the Myanol inaection diminishes it mrkedly, and this seems to be due to the adjustment of spasmodic characteristics of Brücke's muscle.
5. By the Myanol injection the residual enlargement of blind spot and consensual enlargement in slight myopia are markedly diminished, lowering the residnal rate of the blind spot enlargement. This phenomenon appears to be due to the fact that the tension of Brücke's muscle is relaxed and thereby the muscle function is adjusted to its normalcy.
6. The fact that the degree of myopia is diminished and the faculty of vision is improved by adjusting the tension or dysfunctino of Brück's muscle give a supporting evidence to Koyama's theory that myopia is caused by the dysfunction of Brücke'smuscle.

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The respiratory dead space in Japanese healthy 45 males and 30 females were estimated by Bohr formula from the tidal volume and the CO₂ percenttage of alveolar and expired air in sitting posture during rest. The relationship between the respiratory dead space and other physical or respiratory data were analysed statistically.
The mean value of the dead space was 138±21 ml. for males and 109±14 ml. for females. in Japan. And the ratio of dead space to tidal volume averaged 31 percentage for both males and females.
The respiratory dead space showed a definite correlation with individual vital capacity and tidal volume.

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The influences of additional dead space, tidal volume or muscular work upon the respiratory dead space were studied and the respiratory dead space in various pulmonary diseases was examined by the same Haldane method as in Part 1.
The respiratory dead space increases in hyperpnae at will or at work, but the ratio of dead space to tidal volume i. e. VD/VT remains relatively constant. The respiratory dead space and VD/VT in pulmonal diseases are greater than in healthy state.

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Studies on clinical and statistical observations on collagen disease, erythematodes and scleroderma have been carried out over past 20 years from 1936 to 1955.
These skin diseases were found to have some important correlations of seasonal and endoclinological factors and recently seemed to become more increases.

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For the purpose of carrying on studies on presbycusis from clinical standpoint the author conducted precise examinations of 137 cases over 40 years old visiting the Okayama National Hospital by conducting various systemic examinations, audiometry, electroencephalogram and automatic audiometry in some. In the pilot study, by classifying the hearing-loss into five new steps and by pursuing the relationship between the hearing in old age and various functions of different organs, the author odtained the following results.
1. The majority of hearing-loss show high tone-loss, and in the age range of forty and fifty years the disorders are more frequeutly of a mild degree, showing no marked difference in the two groups. However, in the age over 60 years these disorders increase in intensity and iu the age over 70 years this tends to become quite marked.
2. The aortensclerosis (as revealed by roentgenograms), urine protein content, and arteriosclerosis of retina are more frequently pathological along with the progress of hearing-loss clinicaly suggesting the relationship between the hearing disorders in old age and arteriosclerosis.
3. No relationship can be recognized between the hearing-loss and snch findings as the systemic blood pressures, blood pressure of fundus, the ratio detween the systemic blood pressure and that of fundus, cold pressure test, renal function, urine sugar content, heart muscle disturbances as revealed by electrocardiogram and hypertensive changes in the fundus,
4. The majority of the hearing type belong to abrupt type of high tone-loss, followed in the descending order of gradual type, horizontal type and dip type. In the age over 60 years the gradual type tends to increase as compared with the age range in forty and fifty years.
In examining 38 cases with presbycusis out of those examined in the part I by means of automatic audiometer, the author studied mainly the amplitude in the automatic audiogram, and odtained the following results.
Moreover, the classification of the amplitude in the 26 ears of normal adults is divided into the amplitude decreasing type under 4 db, normal type between 5 db to 17 db, and the amplitude increasing type over 18 db.
1. Those showing the amplitude decreasing type amounted to 23 cases (60.5%); normal type 12 cases (31.5%); and the amplitude increasing type 3 cases (7.9%); and the majority of the amplitude decreasing type showed the decrease in the high tone area.
2. The amplitude decreasing type was found mostly in those with mild disorders, and it decreased along with the progress in hearing disorders.
3. The amplitude decreasing type was found mostly in high: while the increasing type in the abrupt type of high-tone-loss, gradual type and in the horirizontal type.
4. The amplitude decreasing type decreased, though slightly, along with the advance in age.
5. The tinnitus had no special association with the amplitude in the audiogram.
6. The amplitude decreasing type decreased along with the advance in the degrees of arteriosclerosis of retina and hypertensive changes.
In the electroencephalographic examinations of 130 cases previously mentioned in the Part I, the author studied the relationship between the electroencephalogram and the hearing in old age, and obtained the following results:
1. (Irregularity in) the wave legnth and the amplitude of α-wave as well as the breakdown in the wave fomation are revealed more markedly along with the advance in the hearingloss.
2. Of the abnormal waves, slow wave and spike appear in a direct proportion to the degree of hearing-loss.
3. As the hearing-loss in the age range of forty and fifty years are milder, the same holds true of the changes in electroencephalogram in the majority of cases. In the age range over sixty years both tend to be more marked.
4. Most of those belonging to the amplitude decreasing type reveal a milder degree of electroencephalographic changes,

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1) In case of antiserm as the antigen of bovine serum and its serum protein fractions, the quantity of preciptin seems to be increased more with addition to a number of injection and with this fact appears the non specific side reaction. Of the side reaction, the lamb serum reacts less strongly than bovine serum, the chief antigen because of the closeness of the zoological relationship; the serums of swine, horse and human react less strongly than the lamb serum. And it has been noticed that these antiserum are difference with one another in their side reaction.
2) The increase of side reaction and quantity of precipitin can be confirmed the difference in case of immunized injections once and three times, but not in case of five and times. The chief precipitin titer becomes the highest in case of immunized injection five times bnt afterwards it does not get high remarkably according to the increase of times of immunized injection.
3) The side precipitin titer and quantity are always lower than that of chief according to the repeated injection used as an antigen, there are difficult to be distinct the chief and side reaction with only precipitin titer, however are clearly distinct with precipitin quantity.
4) Immunized with bovine serum protein fractions, the antigenity is higher than that of bovine serum itself. And antigenity of albumin is not less than that of other patterns and race speciality is intensive.
5) The substance of the non specific side reaction in case of antigen of injected bovine serum exisits in the protein which to the euglbulin and pseudoglobulin frsctions, and seems to be more in pseudoglobulin.
6) The side reaction appears more clearly, according to the increase of chief precipitin quantity in case of the antiserum of the same soecies, and according to the increase of the frequency of the occurrence of the complex stair-like “form of reaction field” in the case of the antiserum that has the same precipitin quantity.

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1) When aluminium hydroxide absorbs the bovine serum and the fractions of its serum protein, the antigen has a high precipitin titer, a low precipitin quantity, less non specific side reaction, and strong race speciality. That is, the euglobulin and pseudoglobulin fractions that are concerned in the non specific side reaction can be intensified in their race-speciality as the antigen that aluminium hydroxide absorbed these fractions.
2) When aluminium hydroxide absorbs the bovine serum protein albumin, the antigen has a high precipitin titer, a low precipitin quantity, not non specific side reaction, and the almost absolute race-speciality. The reaction to the lamb serum which is closely related to the bovine can not be excluded.

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The author, by the method of Weimer and Moshin, has determined the total serum polysaccharides (TSP) and the serum mucoprotein polysaccharide (SMP) in patients with gastric cancer, gastric ulcer, and in healthy persons. At the same time, sera in these persons were analized by the apparatus for paper electrophoresis, and stained with Amidoschwarz 10 B for serum protein, with the periodic acid Schiff's reaction (PAS) and the double oxidation toluidine blue reaction (DOT) for serum polysaccharides.
The results obtained in patients with gastric cancer were as follows;
1) The TSP, SMP and those ratios to the serum protein were significantly elevated. Those levels were increased in parallel with size and metastatic spread of the tumor.
2) In the serum protein fractions, the decrease in albumin and increase in α₁, α₂ globulin were found. These changes were almost parallel to the growth and spread of the gastric cancer. No significant changes were recognized in β, γ globulins, but the latter increased at the late stage of the gastric cancer.
3) In the tests by the PAS reaction, the fall of albumin and elevation of α₁, α₂ globulin fractions were noticed. On the contrary, there were decrases in β, γ globulin. The elevations of α₁, α₂ globulin fractions were almost parallel to the growth and spread of the gastric cancer.
4) In the tests by the DOT reaction, the fall of albumin and elevation of α₁, α₂ globulin fractions were also noticed. There was an intimate relationship between the growth, spread of the gastric cancer and the fluctuation of α₁ globulin fraction. No gsinificant changes were recognized in the other fractions.
5) In patients with gastric cancer, the TSP, SMP, these ratios to the serum protein, and α₂ globulin fraction (DOT) were significantly increased more than those in patients with gastric ulcer. It would be said that the gastric cancer and the peptic ulcer were well differentiated in accordance with the level of SMP or the ratio to serum protein than the others.

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The author, by the method described in part 1., has determined serum polysaccharides, serum protein fractions and serum polysaccharides fractions in rabbit, before and after implantation of Brown-Pearce Tumor (B-P Tumor), succeedingly upto death due to the tumor. These rabbits died from 15 to 22 days after the implantation.
1) The TSP and SMP were increased until 10 days after implantation, and then decreased gradually.
2) In serum protein fractions, albumin was decreased and α₁ globulin increased gradually. No significant changes were found in the other fractions.
3) In serum polysaccharides fractions examined by the PAS and DOT reaction, the decrease in albumin and increase in α₁ globulin fraction were found, showing biphasic curve. No significant changes were noticed in the other fractions.
For the purpose of elucidating the mechanism of elevations of serum polysaccharides in rabbits bearing B-P Tumor, further experiments were performed. The results obtained were as follows;
1) The TSP and SMP levels in efferent blood were higher than those in the afferent blood, in the area growing metastatic B-P Tumor.
2) In serum protein fractions and in serum polysaccharides fractions, α₁ globulin levels in the efferent blood were higher than those in the afferent blood. On the contrary, albumin levels were lower in the efferent blood.
3) Polysaccharide contents in the extract of the liver of B-P rabbit were higher than that in the healthy.
4) Polysaccheride contents in the extract of B-P Tumor were higher than that in the internal organs of normal rabbit.

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In calculating by means of model the pressure to be exerted on the mucous membrane at the time of inserting alginic impression material into epipharynx the pressure was found to be slight; amounting to only about 1.5 to 2.0 mg Hg (2.03-2.71 g/cm²).
Next, the author compared the morphological difference of the epipharynx, in vivo, 24 hours after death, after fixing in 10% formalin, and after embedding in celloidin the decalcified specimens, by inserting alginic impression material into the rabbit epipharynx. As the result the rabbit epipharynx 24 hours after death is fairly wider than that in vivo. This seems to be due to the slackening in the tension of salpingopharyngeus muscle. In the case of epipharynx after fixing in the 10% formalin solution and that after embedding in celloidin, however, it is revealed that the epipharynx is extremely narrow. This appears to be due to the contraction of the whole tissue by fixation. Therefore, it is obvious that there would be considerable differences in the measurements after death and in vivo in such an organ as epipharynx surrounded by soft tissues, making it impossible to estimate in vivo measurements from those of cadaver. In the present experiment it has been confirmed that alginic impression material enables to represent minute morphological changes.

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On the forty children, age ranging from 2 years 11 months to 17 years 3 months and diagnosed as having adenoids, the anthor made the epipharynx molds by inserting alginic impression material into their epipharyx under aether narcosis. With the use of these molds the author carried out the morphological study of their epipharynx, and obtained the following results:
1. The mean average of the width of pharyngeal tonsil is 20 mm, and in the majority of the children it is wider than the width of adenoid curette.
2. In those children with middle ear disease the width of pharyngeal tonsil is greater than the longitudinal length, and also it is bigger than the width of the same in those children without any disorders in the middle ear.
3. The pharyngeal recess is smaller and shallower than that in the adult autopsy case. This seems to be due to the fact that lymphatic tissue is filling up the pharyngeal recess in children.
4. No variation can be recognized in the length, width and depth of ostium of auditory tube by age, sex, and presence or absence of disease.
5. The distance beween tubal lips in children coincides roughly with that in adult autopsy case.
6. The height, width, and cross-section of the choana in children are about one half to two thirds of those in adult autopsy case. The height is shorter in comparison with the width, resembling the choana of foetus and newborn. However, with advance in age the measurements tend to approach those of adult.
7. The distance between the posterior wall of naso-pharynx and the palate is narrowest at the distance covering 8-12 mm from the posterior inferior end of nasal septum. This point corresponds approximately the center of pharyngeal tonsil.
8. The cross-section of the narrowest point in epipharynx is a little over one square centimeter.

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On 300 pupils possessing normal hearing without any marked changes from the standpoint of oto-rhino-laryngology the author performed hearing tests of one syllable Japanese whispered at the distance of six meters, and obtained the following results.
1. The sounds easy of hearing are “shi”, “ko”, “chi”, “hi”, “ka”, “ha”, “sa”, “te” and “ki”: and vowels, sonants, p-sounds, and contracted sounds are generally hard of hearing.
2. As for the mishearing of sounds, mishearing and omission of the heading consonants are extremely frequent; and moreover, there is a tendency to be heard by mistake as those sounds that have some specific relationship with formant of stimulating sounds on one hand, while on the other hand mishearing of terminal vowels is far rare. However, as for the sounds hard to hear, both heading consonants and terminal vowels are often misheard.
3. No relationship between the frequency and tendency of mishearing as well as the scholastic standing can at all be recognized, and there is found no possibility of having influences from the intelligence in the hearing of one syllable voice whispered at a given distance.

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By performing hearing tests with 10 Japanese monosyllabic sounds easy of hearing, namely, “shi”, “ko”, “chi”, “hi”, “ka”, “ha”, “sa”, “te”, “ki” and “to”, whispered at the distance of six meters and pure tone hearing test, the author made a comparative study on the results of these two tests, and obtained the following findings.
1. Those who heard correctly all the ten sounds may generally be judged as having normal hearing, and those misheard more than two sounds as having significant hearing loss. Those who misheard a single sound are found approximately in an equal number in the group with normal hearing and in the group with slight hearing loss.
2. In examining the number of mishearing in the ears with normal hearing with respect to their school grade and scholastic standing no significant differences can be recognized with 5 per cent limit of error in any of them, proving that the intelligence seems not likely to be associated in this hearing test.

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The author studied the distribution of the Paragonismus westermani in Ehime prefecture of Japan; at first the intracutaneous reaction was performed on 51865 students or pupiles of primary, junier and senier high school; final examination such as sputum examination, feces examination, chest X-ray were performed on the skin reaction-positive persons; examination of metacercaria in the crab, Composcia retusa, distribution in the dog were also studied. The rusults are briefly summarized as follows:
1) Of 51865 persons tested, the intracutaneous reaction revealed 3032 positive cases (3.9%), 1252 males (4.7%) and 780 females (3.0%). The positive cases vised with the rise of age; 3.7% in primary school pupils, 3.6% in junior high school students, 5.0% in senior high school students and 7.7% in adults.
2) Of 3032 skin reaction-positive cases, paragonismus westermani egg was positive in 405 cases (13.4%). The positive cases of parasite egg decreased with the rise of the age.
3) Of 405 parasite egg positive cases (72.3%) had chest X-ray findings. In about 80% of them, the pathologic shadow appeared in the middle or lower pulmonary area.
4) Further study revealed that the patient group had eaten. morecrabs, Camposicia retusa, and has more chances to contact the crab than the femele.
5) The comparative examination on subjective symptomes between the patient and heathy groups revealed a significant difference.
6) Of 909 crabs tested, 444 (48.9%) had metaceraria. The metacercaria-containg percentage was parallel to the positive rate of skin reaction.
7) Paragonismns westermani was proved in the lung of 13 (2.6%) of 482 dogs tested. This rate was parallel to that of positive skin reaction and to that of metacercaria containing in crabs.

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To isolate the pathogenic agent from the patients of infectious hepatitis in Okayama Prefecture, the author inoculated patient materials into various sorts of laboratory animals. The results are briefly summarized as follows:
1) By inoculation of the patient blood, the feces and the liver emulsion into the embryonated hen's egg, a few strains of virus could be isolated. The inoculation by the chorio-allantoic route gave the most excellent result, and the serial passge conld be well carried out by the infected chick-embryo.
2) The hamster did not succumb to inoculation of the virus habituated to the chickembryo. In the liver, however, high degre of degeneration and round cell infiltration around Glisson's sheath were observed, which could be regareded as the mark of infection. The reinfection from the hamster to the chick-embryo could be also well established.

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The author studied the virological characters of the virus isolated by the Chick-embryo technic, and obtained the following results:
Inoculation of the virus into the chorio-allantoic cavity of the 7 day old chick-embryo killed the chick-embryo on the 5 th to 7 th day after inoculation. The serial passage could be carried out by inoculation of the chorio-allantoic fluid or the chick-embryo liver, of which the latter gave a better result. The amniotic inoculation could kill the chick-embryo on the 4 th to 5 th day after inoculation, but LD₅₀ was lower than that by the chorio-allantoic route. The yalk sack inoculation could not give a good result.
As for the distribution of the virus by chorio-allantoic inoculation, the virus could be best proved in the chick-embryo, particularly in the liver, the next in the chorio-allantoic fluid and very few in the other parts. The isolated virus easily passed Seitz E. K., Berkefeld N. and also Berkefeld W., though somewhat difficult through the last one; this fact suggests that the isolated virus is pretty small one. Though the infectious index of the virus to the chick-embryo varied with the generations of the passage, the average for 10 to 20 generations was 8.0. The isolated virus could be well preserved in the glycerin-salt solution.

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The author studied the sero-immunological characters of the infectious hepatitis virus isolated by the chik-embryo technic. The results are briefly summarized as follows:
1) In some cases of the neutralization test and Absaettigungsversuch, with young hamsters. a pretty high degree of noutralizatien could be observed, but no definite result could be obtained.
2) With the use of chick-embryos, the neutralization could be well established between the isolated virus and convalescent sera; this fact indicates that the isolated virus is from the patients of infectious hepatitis.
3) The intracutaneous reaction with the antigen prepared from the isolated virus-infected animal organs showed a unequivocal difference to the control. Though further studies are needed, this fact suggests the existence of the relationship between the isolated virus and the infectious hepatitis.

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The author purified the infectious hepatitis virus by the ultra-centrifugation, and studied its serologic characters. The results are briefly summarized as follows:
1) A high titer immune serum could be obtained by many times immunization with the purified virus; the complement fixation index was I; 640 to I: 1280 both in Ishihara and Ogawa strains.
2) The complement fixation reaction with the purified virus gave good results to the convalescent sera diagnosed as acute infectious hepatitis, but the reaction to the sera of the Chronic type of infectious hepatitis was not definite.
3) These results of the complement fixation test can be considered the clear evidence that the isolated virus is the one from the patients of infectious hepatitis.
4) In the neutralization test or Absaettigungsversuch with the serum immunized by the purified virus, a significant result can be obtained with the serum of high complement fixation titer. With the serum of low complement fixation titer, however, the result was often equivocal; the performance of this reaction should be very careful.

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The author tried purification of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, and electron microscopic observation of the purified rickettsiae, and also studied electron microscopic figures of the ultrathin sections of the mouse organs and tissures infected with Rickettsia tsutsugamushi. The results are summarized as follow:
1) Both of the rickettsiae purified and observed in the ultra-thin sections of the abdominal exsudate cells were of various figures. The size of purified rickettsiae is 0.6 to 1.0 μ, and that of those in abdominal cells is 0.3 to 0.5 μ on the average.
2) A capsul-like substance could be observed around the purified rickettsiae, but the presence of such substance could not be proved around the ones in abdminal cells.
3) In more than a half of the rod-shaped purified rickettsiae, the so-called polarstaining-like structure could be observed of those in abdminal cells, some has the polarstaining like structure, but most of them were of no or somewhat granular structure.
4) In ultra-thin sections of abdminal cells, the presence of rickettsiae could be clearly obsered. In the liver and spleen particularly in the liver, the rickettsialike structures could be also observed, but the identification needs further studies,

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With the progress of various examination technics, morphological studies on bacterial cells have made a great progress, whereas various problems such as mitochondria and others still need further studies.
In consideration of these problems, the author studied the morphological structures of bacterial cells by means of electron microscope and ultra-thin section technic. The results are briefly summarized as follows:
1) The cell wall structure of B, diphteriae, Staph. aureus, B. subtilis and B. anthracis was electron microscopically well observed, while that of Kl. pneumoniae and B. proteus was not clear.
2) Cytoplasmic membrane-like struture was observed in B. anthracis of 5 day culture.
3) In B, diphtheriae, Staph. aureus and B. proteus, the nuclear site existed in the middle of bacterial cell, while that of B. subtilis and Kl pneumoniae was island-likely dispersed in the cell.
4) Inside the nuclear site, there was observed the nuclear apparatus of net-like or thread-like structure, through the appearance was somewhat according to the sorts of bacteria.
5) In the nuclear site of Staph. aureus, Bisset's so-called chromosome-like nuclear bodies were observed.
6) Mitochondraia-like structure could be observed in B. anthracis of 5 days culture.
7) In B. diphtheriae, so called metachromatic granule was observed, of which the outer part was of higher electron density than the central part.

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By means of electron micrcscope and ultra-thin section technic, the author studied how the bacterial structure, which were described in Part I, changed with the process of multiplication, and obtained the following resules:
1) In B. anthracis, the nuclear site divides into two parts with narrowing of the middle part of bacterial cell; the cell wall coresponding to the dividing part of the nuclear site thikens and develops towards the center of the bacterial cell forming the so-called transverse cell wall; the completed transverse cell wall thickens and shows double layer structure; then the cell completely divides into two cells.
2) The cell division precess of B. subtilis is the same as that of B. anthracis.
3) In B. diphtheriae, some differences were observed; the cell wall corresponding to the dividing part of the nuclear site was slightly swollen, and the transvers cell wall formed there had the double layer structure from the biginning of its formation.
4) In Staph. aureus, the cell division process was nearly the same as that of B. anthracis, except the fact that the second transverse cell wall was formed in the vertical direction to the first one.

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By means of electron microscope and ultra-thin section technic, the author studied the spore fomation process of B. subtilis and B. anthracis. The results are briefly summarized as follows;
1) The nuclear sites present dispersedly in the cell gradually condense into globe-like young pre-spore in the middle or at the one end of bacterial cell; it increases its electron dencity with the lapse of time and the the outer coat and the exosporium is formed; the pre-spore condences and increases its electron dencity forming complete intracellular spore with the sporangium wall, the exosporium, the outer and inner coats outside of it, and with the cortex, the core and the nuclear site inside of it. The sporangium well teart, freeing the spore with exosporium, outer and inner coats. In some ones, both of the sporangium wall and the exosporium tear and the spore with the outer and inner coats is freed. The spore with three coats, the exosporium, the outer and inner coats, sometimes tears its exosporium and frees the spore with the rest two coats. However, the spores with three spore coats are much more than the ones with two coats.
2) In B. anthracis, the dispersed nuclear sites condense into oval or round structure which can be considered the young spore. In some ones, spore coat-like structure can be observed. However, the young intracellular spore never increased its electron dencity, and no cell-free spore could be observed.

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In dogs immediately after the shock induced by Witte peptone 300 mg/kg or by bovine serum anaphylaxis, the presence of adenine nucleotides or 5-hydroxytryptamine in the blood plasma obtained from the femoral and hepatic veins were examined. But our present methods of spectrophotometry of the deproteinized plasma or paper chromtography of the deproteinized, freeze-dried plasma failed to reveal any increase in either substance of these.

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In most cases of the homogenous bone graftings large quantities of bones are required.
At present the most part of the bank bones are obtained from the ribs excised during the thoracic surgery but year after year with the decrease of the morbidity of the tbc the obtainable ribs are becoming less.
The postmorten homogenous bones are other ample resources of bank bones but their use are restricted legally and by sentiment of relative.
I carried out following experiments for the agore-mentioned problem accompanied with the postmorten homograft.
1) The bone marrows of the tibia, calcaneus and iliac bones of the rabbits, killed with air embolism and taken out at 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, hours after death were cultured bacteriologically under aerobic and anerobic conditions and the time taken over the invasion of the bacteria into the bones and the kind of bacteria invaded were determined.
2) Homogenous bones from the iliac crests of the rabbits killed 24, 48 hours before the removal of the bones, were transplanted into the skulls and the attitude of these postmorten bone grafts were compared with the autogenous and fresh homogenous ones.
3) Homogenous bones preserved with freezing, in merthiolate were grafted into the skulls and examined.

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In his clinical and experimental observations on Heinz bodies in various diseases in the field of oto-rhino-laryngology and acatalasemia the author obtained the following results.
1. The mean estimated value of Heinz bodies in normal persons has been 61‰ in male and 73‰ in female.
2. In chronic sinuitis and chronic otitis media an intermediate acceleration in Heinz body fomation can be seen and only a mild acceleration in chronic tonsillitis. However, no significant fall in the hematocrit value can be recognized in any of these cases.
3. In the patients with cancer in the field of oto-rhino-laryngology the advanced acceleration in the Heinz body formation can be recognized, at the same time the hematocrit value reveals a considerable fall in a reverse proportion to the acceleration.
4. In acatalasemia despite the hematocrit value being within the normal range, the formation of Heinz bodies reveals the highest acceleration.
5. The increment in Heinz bodients in the patients gradually begins to fall after the operative removal of lesions and returns to the normal level, while in the case of malignant tumor it hardly declines even after the removal of tumor.
6. In the estimation of Heinz bodies, the higher acceleration can be recognized in the case where catalase in blood is decreased rather than in the case of anemia.
7. when HCl-hydroxylamine is made to act on pigeons and ducks, having an extremely small amount of catalase in blood, and hens and rabbits supposedly to have normal amount of blood catalase, pigeons show the most marked increment in the Heinz body formation, while on the other hand no significant acceleration can be recognized in hens.
8. When hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) solution is made to act on the blood of the four animals mentioned above, the acceleration in the Heinz body formation is most striking in pigeons followed by ducks, rabbits, and hens in that order, showing an extremely mild formation of Heinz bodies in hens.
9. In the daily examinations of the blood in the pigeons and hens injected continuously with H₂O₂, the pigeons reveal a marked increment in Heinz bodins, showing about 87 per cent of the blood, while hens an increase of only about 35 per cent of the blood tested.
10. In the daily examinations of the blood of the pigeons given successive injections of HCl-hydroxylamine the Heinz body formation can be observed far more promptly than in the case of H₂O₂-injections in almost 100 per cent of the blood tested.
11. In the daily estimation of Heinz bodies in the blood of the animals receiving successive injections of H₂O₂-solutionor HCl-hydroxylamine, the decrease in Heinz bodies contained in erythrocytes commences on the fourth day after the start of injection and returns to the normal level on about the seventh day.
12. Judging from these results, it seems that the presence or the absence of catalase in blood is closely associated with the mechanism of the Heinz body formation. In other words, it is assumed that blood toxin or blood toxin-like substance induces the change in the blood pH, and because of this the catalase activity is either inhibited or inactivated, and it is gradually led from oxidative degeneration of blood components to the formation of Heinz bodies.

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Cytologic studies on vaginal smears have been carried on by many investigators for a quite long time and there are already numerous excellent results available. However, ever since the report on the diagnostic method for uterine cancers by Papeniceaou in collaboration with Traut in 1953 recomfirmatiom and re-investigation with vaginal smears have gained a new impetus in various fields as an important diagnostic method for malignant tumors. Especially in the field of gynecology it has been verified that this method is an important supplementary method for the diagnosis of uterine cancers, offering as it does a fairly accurate diagnosis in view point of a possibility of detecting clinically obscure cancers at an early stage.
Likewise we have been endeavoring to detect uterine cancers at an early stage by giving screening tests of vaginal smears obtained at the first examination of all the patients visiting our clinic since August, 1957. Besides uterine cancers, there are also many studies on the vaginal smears in inflammation of sexual organs as well as in the field of the endocrinology. The author also carried out cytologic study on the vaginal smears in benign cases just as in malignant. Namely, the vaginal smears were taken from all the patients visiting our clinic from the beginning of August, 1957 to the end of December, 1958 and microscopic examinations were conducted after Papanicolaou's original method of staining.
The results of the examiations were represented by types I, II, IIA, II+, III, IV, and V according to Carter's classification. Furthermore, the specimens obtained from gynecologic patients for the purpose of the screening test were divided into 10 classes according to the diagnosis given at the outpatient clinic, and these were further divided into three grades of those under 40 years, those between 41 to 55 years, and those over 56 years. Taking into consideration the possible cyclic changes because of the smears being taken only once at random, observations were carried out by selecting the samples under the same cyclic condition.
By dividing the cells exfoliated in the vagina into five classes of deep cells, sub-basal, intermediate layer cells, superficial layer cells, and cornified cells and as the components other than those of epithelium, into leucocytes, erythrocytes, cervical canal cells, endometnial cells, and histiocytes. The cornification and acidophilic indices were determined. Of the total of 5, 456 cases 472 were diagnosed as positive or possibly-positive by vagnial smears, and 215 cases of the latter were biopsized and 184 of them were revealed to be carcinoma. Those proved to be negative by the vagnial smear test amounted to 4, 948 cases, 457 cases 22 revealed the carcinomatous changes in their biopsy specimens.
When the percent age of accuracy by the vaginal smears is calculated, taking the biosy examination as the final criteria, the following results are obtained. Namely, 206 cases were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma intraepithelial carcinoma or adenocarcinoma by biopsy. Of them 184 cases were diagnosed as positive or possibly-positive by vaginal smears, and 466 cases were revealed to have no cancer by biopsy, and of the latter 457 were negative to the vaginal smear tests. Therefore, the positive percentage is 89.3 per cent, while the negative percentage is 98.1 per cent, bringing the rate of accuracy to 93.7 per cent.
Those diagnosed as uterine cancer by vaginal smears and confirmed by biopsy amounted to 206 cases, 3.7 per cent of the total. In addition, 32 cases of blinically obscure cancers amounting 3.7 per cent of the total were discovered, proving that this technique is a useful supplementary method of diagnosis for dircovering uterine cancers in an early stage. Furthemore, in the cervical cancer of the uterus both basal and para basal cells can be observed numerously apart from cancer cells, and also leucocytes and erythroeytes can be observed in all cases.

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