Experimental studies on renovascular hypertension were made on dogs. Hypertension was successfully produced by constriting left renal artery with concomitant right nephrectomy. Left femoral-renal artery anastomosis was made with an given interval after hypertension was stabilized. Changes in blood pressure, renal clearance, serum natrium and potassium, blood nonprotein nitrogen, and urinary excretion of aldosterone were followed through the course of experiment. In addition to, effects of intravenous drip infusion of Angiotensin II on those elements were studied on normal dogs.
The following results were obtained.
1) Blood pressure was measured on right carotid artery which was displaced superficially and wrapped with skin flap in this series. Normal systolic pressure was in the range from 111 mmHg to 140 mmHg.
2) Persistent hypertension was successfully produced by constricting left renal artery with concomitant right nephrectomy and it was relieved with increase of renal blood flow by left femoral-renal artery anastomosis.
3) Renal plasma and blood flow, and glomerular filtration rate were decreased, although decrease of the last one was slight compared to that of the former two, resulting increase of filtration rate. They retruned to pre-experimental values after successful left renal artery reconstruction.
4) No marked changes were found in serum natrium, potassium, and nonprotein nitrogen.
5) Urinary excretion of aldosterone was definitely increased when hypertension was produced compared to before experiment and after revascularization of left kidney.
6) Blood pressure was elevated from ten to fifteen minutes later after beginning of drip infusion on Angiotensin II. It was kept constantly in high level during infusion and returned to the preexperimental level after discontinuation of infusion.
7) Renal plasma and blood flow, and glomerular filtration rate decreased during Angiotensin II infusion, although decrease of the last one was slight compared to that of the former two, resulting decrease of filtration rate. These values returned to the preexperimental level after discontinuation of infusion.
8) No marked changes were found in serum natrium, potassium and nonprotein nitrogen was inclined to decrease during Angiotensin II infusion, showing increase of potassium-natrium ratio which did not return to normal after discontinuation of infusion, too.
9) Urinary excretion of natrium and potassium was inclined to decrease during Angiotensin II infusion, showing increase of potassium-natrium ratio which did not return to normal after discontinuation of infusion, too.
10) Urinary output decreased slightly during Angiotensin II infusion and showed some increase after discontinuation of infusion.
11) Urinary excretion of aldosterone increased definitely during 24 hours after Angiotensin II infusion, compared to before experiment and on the 3rd day after infusion.
12) It was confirmed from the above data that mechanism of renal hypertension and stimulating factor of aldosterone excretion are due to Renin-Angictensin II system.

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Renal clearance, natrium and potassium in serum and urine, blood nonprotein nitrogen and urinary excretion of aldosterone were studied on patients with renovascular, essential and malignant hypertension, Cushing's syndrome and pheochromocytoma. Similar studies were made on five normal persons as control.
The following results were obtained.
1) The normal values in average were as follows: Renal plasma flow 538.3 ml/min., renal blood flow 933.4 ml/min., glomerular filtration rate 116.7 ml/min., filtration rate 0.224, serum natrium 141.6 mEq/L, serum potassium 4.32 mEq/L, urine natrium 137.0 mEp/day, potassium-natrium ratio 0.25, blood nonprotein nitrogen 28.78 mg/dl, urinary excretion of aldosterone 4.56 ug/day,
2) Blood pressure was lowered two or three weeks later after successful renal artery reconstruction or nephrectomy in all patients with renovascular hypertension.
3) Renal plasma and blood flow, and glomerular filtration rate returned to nearly normal value after operation in all but one case where nephrectomy was made. No marked change was found in filtration rate.
4) No marked changes were found in serum natrium and potassium through pre-and postoperative course.
5) Natrium and potassium in urine increased after operation though no marked change was found in potassium-natrium ratio.
6) Blood nonprotein nitrogen decreased in the range of normal after operation.
7) Urinary excretion of aldosterone decreased defenitely after operation, although it did not return to normal value in some cases.
8) Renal plasma and blood flow, glomerular filtration rate and filtratiou rate were all within normal limits or slightly decreased in patients with essential hypertension. Definitely decreased renal plasma and blood flow, relatively normal filtration rate and slightly increased filtration rate were found in the case of malignant hypertension.
9) No marked changes were found in serum natrium and potassium in both essential and malignant hypertension.
10) Urinary excretion of natrium and potassium were slightly decreased in essential hypertension and definitely decreased in malignant hypertension.
11) Blood nonprotein nitrogen was within normal limits in essential hypertension, but definitely increased in malignant hypertension.
12) Urinary excretion of aldosterone was slightly increased in essential hypertension and definitely increased in malignant hypertension.
13) Blood pressure was definitely lowered after operation in each case of Cushing's syndrome and pheochromocytoma.
14) Renal plasma and blood flow returned to nearly normal value after operation in Cushing's syndrome. They were decreased after operation in pheochromocytoma, although its cause was unexplainable.
15) There were found no marked changes in natrium and potassium in serum and urine and blood nonprotein nitrogen through the course in both Cushing's syndrome and pheochromocytoma.
16) Urinary excretion of aldosterone was decreased, though within normal range, after operation in both Cushing's syndrome and pheochromocytoma.
17) It was concluded from the above data that mechanism of renal hypertension and stimulation factor of aldosterone excretion are due to Renin-Angiotensin II system, as which was proved in the experimental work.

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For the purpose to study physico-chemical structures of surface area of the bacterial cell, the author has constructed various kinds of dielectric spectrometer and performed several fundamental experiments which permitted their biological applications, theoretically and technically.
Dielectric spectrometers have been designed and constructed so as to have sufficient output to measure the dielectric ratio of biologic systems through whole range from 100 killocycles to 3, 000 megacycles. Thus, dielectric spectrometers in our hands had three major apparatus: Heterodyne type spectrometer from 100 killocycles to 60 megacycles, Lecher's wire spectrometer from 60 megacycles to 600 megacycles, ultra-short wave spectrometer with wave guide from 100 megacycles to 3, 000 megacycles. By the way, these spectrometers have been never made in application of bilogical field until to date.
Utilizing these spectrometers, several important fundamental investigations have been performed and results were summarized as followed.
No marked evidence was found in its accuracy between King's method and Drude-Mizushima's method with Lecher's wire spectrometer. Using Gelatine-gel system as a model of biologic material, minimal and sufficient size of receptacle has been determined in details. For examples, it was 10×15mm at wave length of 70cm. This result indicated the technical possibility to measure them in bacterial cell. In addition to Gelatin-gel, several mixed solutions, water-aceton, water-ethylacohol, water-metylalcohol etc were also spectrometerized. Effect of electrolytes on these materials were also determined and were identical with theoretical calibration by previously reported equations.

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In the dielectric spectra of bacterial cell, there found three kinds of abnormal distribution and absorption of electric wave which widely distributed from ultra-short wave to centimeter wave. These absorption curves were named as first, second and third curve and could be completely analyzed by Cole-Cole procedure. Thus detailed analyzed data indicated that these curves were preusmably and theoretically due to three different kinds of binding water. To determine the intracellular locations of these binding water, effect of pH on their spectra and isothermic changes of absorption curve were investigated. Fffect of pH revealed that they were completely different from each other demonstrating double dissociation curve in the first, simple dissociation curve in the second, and no special dissociation curve in the third. Isothermic changes of spectra were also analyzed by Freundlich and Cunningham's equation. It was concluded from this analysis that there were at least two kinds of absorption centre in the first, one kind in the third. However the second could not be explained by multimolecular absorption.
On the other hand, changes of spectra in agglutination reaction, difference between S-type and R-type of bacterial cell, changes during growth of bacterial cell, effects during the process of production of adaptation-enzyme were also investigatcd. Thus, it was concluded that first absorption was originated from polysaccharide in surface substance and second absorption was due to intracellular unknown substance. On the other hand, third absorption was considered to be due to polypeptide in surface substance.

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Surface substances of the bacterial cell which would have biological and immunological activities were studied with aid of purification process, chemical analysis, spectrochemical procedures, viscosimetory, dielectric spectrometory, osmotic manometory and other physicochemical procedures.
Purified substance from Gram positive bacterial cell by trichlor-acetic acid method was determined to be the mixture of ribonucleic acid-Mg and polysaccharde-polypeptide-lipid. Mixture was consisted of ion-binding in one-fifth and its molecular weight was ca. 400, 000 with axis ratio of 1:2. By acting with ribonuclease this mixture was purified into polysaccharide-polypeptide-lipid compound which, to date, had been difficult to purify from Gram positive bacterial cell.
Purified polysaccharide-polypeptide-lipid compound from Gram negative bacterial cell using trichlor-acetic acid method was also studies revealing molecular weight of ca. 150, 000 and twice longer axis ratio than ribonucleic acid mixture. Thus, it was considered that parallel coexistence of two molecules of ribonucleic acid-Mg and one molecule of polysaccharide polypeptide-lipid compound was clarified.
Polysacchardie-polypeptide-lipid compound was further purified into polysaccharide-polypeptide 1 (PP 1), polysaccharide-polypeptide 11 (PP 11) and lipid. From measuring molecular weight, km constant, axis ratio etc, it was found that PP 1 had more elongated molecular form than PP 11 and that relationship between PP 1 and PP 11 was identical with that between non-denaturated protein and denaturated protein.

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In polargraphy, bacterial cell revealed two special phenomena; e.g. maximalization of electro-reduction potentials and adsorption of cobalt ions. The former phenomena has been less known until to date. Inteding to know the relation between this phenomena and surface structure of the bacterial cell, the author found a simple method to express accurately with inhibitory of electro-reduction potential. In hibitory activity was strkingly higher in gram negative bacterial cell than that in gram positive. and a little higher in S-type than in R-type. This tendency was completely identical with that of surface binding water which measures by dielectric spectrometory as previously reported. Same evidence was also found in the process of production of adaptation enzyme. Thus inhibitory activity of eIectro-reduction potentials was presumably due to increased binding water on the surface area of bacterial cell. On the other hand, inhibitory activity of electro-reduction potential exactly reflexed the speciality in immunological phenomena in which antigen complex was being polysaccharide-polypeptide-lipid compound.
Individual kind of bacterial cell has proven to show special crossing effect in the cobalt-protein wave. As the crossing point of electro-reduction curve showed parallel tendencies with polypeptide activity on the surface of bacterial cell during process of production of adaptation enzyme, growth of the cell etc, polarography has been an effective tool to demonstrate physiolo-chemical state of bacterial surface.

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In the first item of this report, coordination of the surface substance with activity of adaptation enzyme has been studied. Purified polysaccharide-polypeptide-lipid compound had strong activity to promote the activity of adaptation enzyme, although ribonucleic acid-Mgpolysaccharide-polypeptide-lipid compound did not show any action on enzyme. Furthermore, this activity was strongest in polysaccharide-polypeptide compound. However, polypeptide or lipid had no such activity. Consequently, it was concluded that only the condition in which polysaccharide molecules were vailed on the surface of bacterial cell against both of intracellular and extracellular circumstances made it to promote the enzyme action.
In the second item, the author described the bacterial toxin obtained by shaking and its relation to surface structures of the bacterial cell. By shaking bacterial cell with ribonucleic acid purified from the same kind of bacteria, there were obtained two kinds of hemolytic toxin, e.g. one contained ribonucleic acid and other contained polysaccharide. When energy substance, such as glucose, was added sufficiently, latter was predominantly produced. On the contorary, when the mixture was shaked without energy substance, former was predominantly produced. Thus, intimate relation with energy metabolism was found in the production of this kind of toxin.
By shaking bacterial cell with polysaccharide-polypeptide-lipid compound, there obtained another kind of toxin which showed no intimate relation with energy metabolism.

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Cancer chemotherapy by regional perfusion utilizing an extracorporeal circuit was studied experimentally and clinically, designing to inveatigate the local tissue tolerance, the leakage factor, the tumoricidal effect and so on. The following results were obtained.
1. The maximum safe doses of Nitrogen mustard N-oxide, Triethylene thiophosphoramide, Carzinophilin, Mitomycin C, Actinomycin D and Toyomycin when administered by perfusion into the femoral artery of dog were 5mg/kg., 2mg/kg., 2.500 units/kg., 0.8mg/kg., 80γ/kg. and 100γ/kg. respectively.
2. Under perfusion of the hind limb for periods up to 30 minutes oxygenation of the perfusing blood has nothing to do with local tissue damage.
3. On isolation perfusion under hyperthermia (40°C) or hypothermia (5°C) utilizing a heat exchanger the normal tissue damage was higher than that of normothermia.
4. The fluctuation of concentration of the drugs and the leakage factor were determined in the perfused area and systemically by means of RISA, P³²-labeled TSPA and bio-assay of Mitomycin C. The results obtained by RISA were always higher than those of the other two, and did not indicate accurate picture in estimation of the leakage into systemic circulation.
5. The titer of Mitomycin C was unchanged by pure oxygen insufflation for 30 to 60 minutes or by the preservation mixed with whole blood in refrigerator for ten days.
6. On perfusion of the hind limb of rabbit utilizing p³²-labeled TSPA a reversible fixation or accumulation of the drug in the perfused area was actually proved.
7. The tumoricidal effect on Brown-pearce tumor of rabbit was much evident in one-shot administration of the drug, in non-oxygenation of the blood in case of Mitomycin C, and in hyperthermic condition in case of Mitomycin C or TSPA.
8. Employing these technics twenty-nine patients with malignant neoplasms have been treated thirty-seven times. One axillary, two subclavian, fifteen pelvic, one iliac, seventeen femoral and one popliteal perfusions were included in this series. The follow-up period is too short to allow complete evaluation, but the results suggest that this method is one of the most impressive maneuver treating malignant neoplasms.
9. The undesirable effect either in the perfused area or systemically was practically negligible.

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The author succeeded in the extraction of a substance from the skeletal muscle of rabbit designated as “muscle cornin”, that markedly inhibits of sea urchin eggs. This substance is dialysable and can be separated into three fractions by DEAE-cellulose column. It has been found that fraction I has no inhibitory action on mitosis, while fraction II and III has marked antimitotic effect, its minimum effective dose are 10^-8 g/ml. The fraction II is a nucleoprotein with hypoxanthine or xanthine as the base and has the maximum absorbance of ultraviolet spectrum at 249 mμ. The fraction III is a polypeptide that has no specific maximum absorbancy of ultraviolet spectrum. The muscle cornin not only shows a typical protein wave in polarography but it also proves to be positive to ninhydrin and Liebermann reactions, bromphenol blue stain, and precipitation by trichloroacetic acid. However, it is negative to Biuret, xanthoprotein, Sakaguchi and Molish reactions.
As for its sugar reaction, it is also positive to Seliwanoff and phloroglucinol reactions, but is negative to other reactions. Therefore, it has chemical properties that are partially different from those of “corneal cornin”. The muscle cornin has no effect whatever on catalase activity and oxygen consumption of tissues. In addition, differing from the corneal cornin, it dose not effect the P/O ratio of rat liver mitochondria.
However, just as with the corneal cornin, it dose inhibit the incorporation of ³²p into nucleic acids, especially into DNA and r-RNA of regenerating rat liver, and also it inhibits DNA synthesis. But it shows no effect on RNA synthesis. The discussion was also made on the difference in the properties of muscle cornin from those of other inhibitors of mitosis, extracted from living tissues.

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Function of the liver and kidney were studied during experimental profound hypothermia.
Dogs were rapidly cooled below 10°C at the esophageal temperature by extacorporeal circulation combined with heat exchanger and rewarmed after 3060 minutes of complete circulatory cessation.
In one group the perfusion rates were kept in constant, while in the other group the perfusion rates were gradually reduced in the course of cooling, and slowly increased in rewarming.
In some experiments low molecular weight dextran was used during extracorporeal circulation.
Following results were obtained.
1) Portal venous blood flow was measured by direct method which was revealed 19.3cc/kg/min before experiment. The flow was markedly diminished in the cooling procedure, and decreased to 27.9% of the control value at the end of cooling. The flow increased gradually by rewarming and returned to 62.5% of the control at the end of rewarming.
The portal flow was influenced with changes of body temperature, arterial blood pressure, perfusion rate, portal vascular resistance and development of splanchnic pooling. But there were found no direct correlations between portal flow on one hand and esophageal temperature, arterial blood pressure and perfusion rate on the other.
2) Intestinal vascular resistance and portal pressure elevated shortly after the beginning of cooling and remained in high level through cooling and rewarming.
It seemed that splanchnic pooling might develope in some extent at that time. although the pooled blood returned to the extracorporeal circulation circuit in most cases at the end of rewarming. The splanchnic pooling in the course of rewarming was marked especially in the group where perfusion was performed at constant flow rate.
3) Portal venous oxygen saturation was higher than that in mixed venous blood, showing 83.5% before experiment. Oxygen saturation could be close to arterial blood oxygen saturation iu cooling. and gradually falling in rewarming. It decreased below the control value at the end of rewarming.
4) Carbon dioxide content in portal venous blood was decreased through cooling and rewarming, and slightly increased after perfusion.
5) Portal blood pH calculated to 37°C became lower in cooling and returned to the control value by rewarmiing.
6) Renal blood flow was measured by direct method, showing 17.53cc/kg/min as the initial control value. The flow rapidly reduced shortly after induction of cooling, and decreased to 16.4% of the control value at the end of cooling, and gradually increased in rewarming. It reached to 42.7% of the control at the end of rewarming.
Just like as in portal blood frow, the renal flow was influenced with changes of body temperature, arterial blood pressure, perfusion rate, renal vascular resistance and development of ventricular fibrillation, but no direct correlations were found between renal flow on one hand and esophageal temperature, arterial blood psessure, and perfusion rate on the other.
Especially, the ventricular fibrillation had an important effect upon the renal flow. The flow was markedly reduced when ventricular fibrillation persisted for a long time during rewarming.
7) Renal vascular resistance elevated rapidly immediately after beginning of cooling, and it was remained in high level through cooling and rewarming. The resistance dropped suddenly when esophageal temperature rose to 35°C, and it falled nearly to the control value after perfusion.
8) Renal venous blood oxygen saturation was 93.2% before experiment. Oxygen saturation increased and difference between arterial and venous blood disappeared during cooling.
Oxygen saturation becreaed during rewarming and falled below control value at the end of rewarming.
9) Carbon dioxide content in renal venous blood was approximately half of the value in the normal mixed venous blood before experiment, and it decreaed through cooling and rewarming.

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