Recently γ-globulin is widely used for the prevention of infectious hepatitis in the field of clinical medicine, but its conclusive effect is still in question. In the prcsent part, the author studied what changes the administration of γ-globulin produced in the infectious aspect of hepatitis. The γ-globulin obtained from the healthy men and the one from the convalescents of hepatitis were used, and the infectious aspect was judged by the pathological findings in the mouse.
It is noteworthy that the γ-globulin of convalescent sera showed a little noticeable preventive effect, though not a remarkable one. Consequently, it is inferred that more reliable effect will be obtained by using the γ-globulin containing a sufficient amount of antibody, and also by employing other various methods.

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The influence of various drugs on the infectious aspect of hepatitis virus was studied in the present part. The pathological findings in the inoculated mouse were used as the criterion for the determination of the effect of drugs.
Wintermin showed some raising effect on the sensitivty of the mouse against the hepatitis virus. ACTH-gel, ACTH, Pratonin A etc. sometimes showed some inhibitive action, though not a definite one, on the manifestation of the pathological changes by the virus. Because these drugs used for the present experiments were not the antiviral ones, no active inhibitive effect was observed, and further studies are needed on the effect of these drugs.

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There has been much discussions whether the hyperfolliculliculinism is present in patients of carcinoma of the uterine cervix or not. These discussions, however, have generally based upon animal experiments, or on analogy of the mammary or the endometrial cancer. It can be said that carcinoma of the uterine cervix should not be subjected to the same way of the discussion, because its biological attitutde, differs greatly trom the rest. Therefore, in order to observe the condition of estrogen in cancer patients, the author investigated the endometria of the patients suffering from cancer of the uterine cervix. Endometria of 130 uterus extripated by the Okabayashi's panhysterectomy consisting of 55 postmenopausal and 75 premenopausal patients, were offered to investigation. The findings of endometria was divided into 7 groups. The endometria of thoroughly connective atrophical picture belong to Group A, while Group F includes endometria which have tortuos glands and iutestinal coarseness. Moreover, moderate varieties between the tow groups was respectively separeted in B, C, D and E, basing upon the condition of endometria and additional group M is of malignant variety. On the other hand, endometria consiting of out-patients were inpatients and autopsies which cxcluded the hormonal diseases were investigated for the purpose of comparison.
In the premenopausal, group C, slight hyperplasia has been found 22 cases (41.4%) of cancer and 2 cases (10%) of control, therefore, it is more dominant in cancer cases. On the other hand, advanced hyperplasia, D, E and F group has been found in 18 cases (33.9%) and 6 cases (30%) which difference is of no signicicance.
As the matter of fact stated above, slight hyperplasia has been found in the many cases of carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Provided that endometrial hyperplasia shows estrogenactivity, it would seem in the case of carcinoma of the uterine cervix that there is slight increase of estrogen. Meanwhile, as active follicle has not been observed by histological investigation of the ovary, it should be considered that ovary is not responsible for that source.
As in the menopausal patients the cancer endometrium has shown no more significant hyperplasia than that of non-cancer, it would also seem that there has been shown no hyperfolliculinism in the case of carcinoma.
The fact that all cases of 6 adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix belong to the F or M groups would explain that squamous epithelium is quite distioguishable from the adenocarcinoma and is much of interest.

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The author has studied on the effect of intravenous HCl-procaine treatment for oliguria caused by hemolyzed blood administration, anestesia, operation, burn and corrosive sublimate intoxication, by means of renal clearance method.
1. The clearance level fell down in every case manipulated as above, and it was remarkable especially in the cases of burn and corrosive sublimate intoxication.
2. For these kidney insufficiencies intravenous HCl-procaine administration had result of restoring the urinary quantity, approximately up to 100% in every case.
3. By that treatment the urea clearance showed marked improvement, renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate were increased from 10 to 100% in every case.
4. Those effects were remakable in the case of hemolyzed blood administration, anesthesia and especially in burn case, but were not expectable in the case of operation and corrosive sublimate intoxication. because of the extreme burden and of the marked organic changes in rabbits respectively.

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The author has studied on the effect of intravenous HCl-procaine treatment exmining the renal vascular patterns, for the lesions caused by hemolyzed blood administration, burn and intramuscular corrosive sublimate injection, by utilizing the Indian-ink infusion method.
1. In the kidneys of rabbits administered hemolyzed blood and burned the cortical arteries contracted, and following by the ischemia; the blood flow diverted to the juxtamedullary glomerulus and subcortical zone and Oxford shunting was observed.
2. For these conditions intravenous HCl-procaine administration had result of restoring the ischemia after dilatation of cortical arteries, increase of the cortical blood flow and disappearance of the various shunting.
3. In the case of intramuscular injection of the corrosive sublimate the effect of this method was not striking, because of marked changes in the glomerulus and in the tubulus.
The author concludes, obtaining these results, that the above described treatment for anuria and oliguria after surgical invasion could be recommended by all means.

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Histaminase activity of several organs of a dog was determined by the volumetric method of Kapeller and Adler (1951), partly modified by the writer. In a normal dog, the activity of this eanzyme per gram of tissue was the highest in the kidney cortex, followed by the ileum and caecum, the duodenum showing lower activity (total layers used for the intestines), and the bladder, liver, stomach, lungs, skeletal muscles, and the skin all showed much lower values.
Intravenous injection of a large dose of histamine or sinomenine caused decrease of histaminase activity only in the intestines and the liver, while daily subcutaneous injection of sinomenine for five days caused decrease of histaminase in the kidney cortex besides the above organs. Intravenous injection of peptone or corbicula extract, or anaphylactic shock caused marked decrease of histaminase activity in all these organs, but there was no such effect in ATP. Histamine, peptone and corbicula extract caused decrease of histaminase in the kidneys and intestines on perfusion of these organs.
These facts indicate that the histaminase of these organs is capable of being released by certain substances and that these substances have a direct action of its own, besides that through the liberation of histamine that has the activity of liberating histaminase.
Total adrenalectomy evidently decreased histaminase activity of the kidney cortex and the intestines.

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Non-selected 96 cases who have delivered at the materity ward of the Okayama University Hospital and the affiliated Okayama City Hopital during 1954 to 1956 were investigated from the view-point of sequelae of the patients.
Those who of the patients had one or more conditions out of edema, hypertention, and alubuminuria were 23 cases (23.9%) and this figure was more frequent than that of nontoxemic patient (7.7%) during the same period. Excluding eclampsia, the more severe is toxemias, the higher in rate are conseceutives. Edema had the highest rate (43.4%) of its sequelae. Age, most frequent around thirties and no difference due to parities. It should be remenbered that even slight edema may leave sometimes a significant sequelae and, therefore much attention should be paid to its treatment. The severe toxemia are likely to leave serious sequelae even if treated completely.

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The author observed 121 cases of genital tuberclosis among the in-patients of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Okayama University Medical School, during 1934 to 1955. For the purpose of coparison, 109 in-patients during the same period excluding tuberculosis of genitalia were investigated. Its incidence was 0.8% The youngest age was 21 years and the oldest 51 years.
Chief complaints consisted of various kinds of gynecological natures. Nullipara was most frequent in ratio, and those who had previous history of tuberculosis were 52.5%, which were significant in number in comparison to the control cases. Menorrhagia. was present 46.2% and site of tuberclosin was the most frequent at the Fallopian tubes (85.1%).
In the majority of cases was a clinical diagnose as hypoplasia uteri was given, then followed retroflexion or chronic adnexitis.

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Intravenous injection of 2% normal saline solution of Congo red in a dosage of 5 cc/kg in a dog resulted in marked increase of lymph flow from the thoracic duct over several hours and the lymph was apparently less coagulable after injection of the dye. In a majority of cases, arterial pressure showed only a slight fall by this injection, while portal pressure showed a marked elevation accompanied with an increase of liver volume. Such changes in the flow of lymph and circulation could not be reproduced by the injection of a saline solution isosmotic with the dye solution.
Appearance of a fairly large amount of hemoglobin in the plasma and lymph after injection of the dye solution was observed by spectrophotometer. This hemolysis was completely protected by the previous injection of heparin into the vein before injection of the dye solution but the increased flow of lymph and elevation of portal pressure effected by the dye solution could not be modified. In a dog administered with heparin to remove the effect of hemolyis, injection of the dye solution was observed to cause increase in refractive index of the lymph and decrease of the same of the plasma. This is an indication that a large amount of plasma protein had filtrated into the lymph.
After injection of the dye solution, histamine content in the lymph was practically unchanged. Antihistamines failed to suppress the increased flow of the lymph and elevation of portal pressure. In a non-heparinized dog, appearance of a substance or substances assumed to be adenine nucleotides was observed in the plasma by spectrophotometry and paper chromatography immediately after injection of the dye solution.
It was concluded from these results that the increased flow of the thoracic lymph caused by Congo red is related to congestion of blood in the liver and other organs in the abdominal cavity, and further it was deduced that the cause common to these phenomena is not blood coagulation and liberation of toxic substances (including adenine nucleotides) from blood cells into plasma, which are considered to be the cause of acute dye shock, but is some kind of injuries to peripheral vessels, especially to vascular system in the abdominal organs.

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The lymphagogue effect of extract of lobster muscle, which is one of the first class of HEIDENHAIN'S lymphagogues, is essentially the action of adenine nucleotides liberated from the tissues by the injection of this extract. And also it is proven that these nucleotides are liberated in a larger quantity from organs in other parts of the body rather than from viscera. This conclusion is based on the following evidences.
1) Systemic-venous injection of the extract accelerate the outflow of a uncoagulable, highly proteinized lymph from the thoracic duct of dog, accompanied by a fall in arterial blood pressure and a rise in portal pressure. All these phenomena are also observable by the intravenous injection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
2) Repeated injections weaken the reactions to this extract (Tachyphylaxis).
3) Immediately after vascular administration of the extract adenine nucleotides including ATP are detected in blood plasma spectrophotometrically as well as paperchromatographically. Quantitatively the content in nucleotides is higher in the plasma from the femoral vein after systemic-venous injection than from the hepatic vein after portal injection.
4) No definite increase of histamine in blood can be recognized after systemic-venous injection of the extract.

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By cutting off the posterior roots of the fifth, sixth and seventh lumbar regions of spinal cord as well as of the first sacral segment, on the left side of young dog, the author studied the changes in the bone marrow picture of the lower extremeties comparing that on the right side as the control, and obtained the following results:
1) No marked change can be recognized in macroscopic findings of the bone marrow in the femur and tibia.
2) In the bone marrow of the femur there is a tendency of a slight decrease in the number of nucleated cells as compared with that on the side of the control.
3) In the bone marrow of the tibia, though no difference can be recognized between erythrocytes and neutrophils, in the femur bone marrow erythrocytes have relatively decreased but neutrophils have increased as compared with those of the control.
4) There is a tendency of a decrease in the mitoses of erythrocytes and neutrophils as compared with those on the side of the control.
5) Both erythrocytes and neutrophils as compared with those on the side of the control present a picture of a shift to the left, namely, an inhibition of maturation.
6) Segmented neutrophils have increased in number as compared with the control, indicating an inhibition of the cell outflow from the bone marrow.
From these the author arrived at the conclusion that the blocking of parasympathetic nerves primarily inhibits the cell outflow from the bone marrow and accompanying this, cell maturation is also inhibited in the parenchyma of the bone marrow.

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By sectioning the posterior roots of the fifth, sixth, and seventh lumbar regions of spinal cord as well as the first sacral segment on the left side of young dog, the author has studied the influences on the bone marrow culture of the femur with cover-slip method, comparing those on the right side as the control; and obtained the following results:
1) The relative value of growth area is lower as compared with that of the control.
2) Cell density is likewise lower than that of the control.
3) There is a tendency of lowering in wandering velocity as compared with that of the control.
From these the author would conclude that the blocking of parasympathetic nerves brings about the lowering of the functions leucopoiesis in the marrow parenchyma.

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By sectioning the posterior roots of the fifth, sixth, and seventh lumbar regions of spinal cord as well as the first sacral segment, the author studied the influences on the bone marrow culture of lower extremeties in fluid medium on the left side of young dog, comparing these with those on the right side as the control; and obtained the following results:
1) The rate of increase in erythrocytes falls as compared with that of the control.
2) The rate of increase in hemoglobin content likewise decreases as compared with that of the control.
From the above the author arrived at the conclusion that the blocking of the parasympathetic nerves induces the lowering of erythropoieic functions in the bone marrow parenchyma.

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The application of x-rays in the diagnosis of gall-bladder diseases is an old, well-known method, but since this is used mainly in taking a simple photograph, it is difficult to obtain a good roentgenological picture. Recently with the successive advent of excellent opaque substances such as Biligrafin, Telepaque and Priodax the diagnosis of gall bladder diseases has become quite easy, but two cases on which we report here are, on the contrary, the cases whose diagnosis has been made more difficult on account of the appearance of these excellent contrast media. This “Porzellangallenblase” is an extremely rare disease and it was first reported by H. D. Flörchen (1929) in the “Zentralblatt d. Chirurgie”. It presents a piture identical with the one taken at the time when opaque substance is administered. As for the symptoms, the patient mainly complains of something similar to gall-stone; and in our cases, one was suspected of kidney stone and the other was of gall-bladder disease. Both of these were discovered at the x-ray examinations of the stomach, and each in their roentgenograph presented the stone in their bile duct.
In addition their roentgenograph of the gall-bladder gave the picture identical with the one taken when opaque substance had been given. We present this case report as these are very rare cases among Japanese people in the light of available literatures.

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Ever since June 1956 mainly centering around Hayashino, Mimasakacho, the mountain regions in the northern part of Okayama Prefecture we have frequently encountered virus pneumonia which by their roentgenographs were misdiagnosed for pulmonary tuberculosis. By November of the same year there appeared the patients indicative of virus pneumonia from their roentgenographs of chest, among pupils of such grade schools as Hayashino, Toyokuni, Toyoda, Narahara, and Kumon Grade Schools, all around Hayashino. Therefore, indirect x-ray photographs had been taken of 2, 019 pupils and found 381 cases whose shadow indicated what might be thought to be of virus pneumonia. We present herewith a report on x-ray findings of thes cases, percentage of the position of shadow appearance, clinical symptoms as well as on x-ray differentiation.

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In traportal as well as systemic venous injection of a corbicula extract causes an appearance of substances, showing a maximum absorption at 260 mμ, in the dog blood plasma obtained from the hepatic and femoral vein immediately after the injection. They were considered as ad enine nucleotides by paper chromatography and known to originate chiefly in the liver by the fact that a higher concentration is reached in the hepatic venous plasma by either route of injection.

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A Gram-negative bacterium which was isolated from the soil of a slaughter-yard and was able to degrade cholic acid has been identified to be quite similar to Erwinia rhapontici.

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A Gram-positive bacterium which was separated from the soil of a slaughter-yard and was capable of converting cholic acid into 7α, 12α-dihydroxy-3-keto-Δ⁴-cholenic acid has been identified to come under Corynebacterium. This bacterium was quite similar to C. equi

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Akita (1957), one of the present authors, reported on glutamic acid metabolism of Bacillus coli communis and its application to the analysis of glutamic acid.
In order to apply the method reported by Akita to a practical use, the authors reinvestigated and somewhat improved the method.
The cells of B. coli communis cultured only once in the pyridoxinecontaining semi-synthetic liquid medium showed a high glutamic decarboxylase activity at pH 5.0, and evolved in a very short time carbon dioxide quantitatively from glutamic acid in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. The cells, however, showed no activity to pyruvic acid.

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By the aid of glass electrodes changes of medium pH were determined during glucose metabolism according to the combinations of various concentrations of phosphate buffer, glucose, and bacteria, using such resting cells as E. coli, Aerobacter aerogenes, Sal. typhi 57S and 57R, Sal. paratyphi A and B, Staphylococcus aureus, albus and citreus, and further the volumes of more important acids produced at differnet time measured. Next, the relationships between these volumes and “time-pH” curve were studied; and the following are the conclusions arrived at.
1. “Time-pH” curves in the case of E. coli present moderate descent on the whole whereas in the case of A. aerogenes they were steep; and the production of acetoin and lactic acid is very much but that of α-ketoglutaric acid lesser in the case of the latter.
2. In the cases of Sal. typhi 57S and 57R, the fall of pH in the former is steeper than that of the latter, and the production of lactic acid has been alomst twice that of the latter.
3. Of the bacteria tested, Sal. paratyphi A and Sal. paratyphi B was steep in the fall of pH and the production of lactic acid was greater though that of pyruvic acid is small.
4. The rates of fall of pH are greater in the order of St. aureus, St. albus and St. citreus; and St. aureus is influenced quite sensitively by the concentrations of phosphate buffer and glucose. Moreover, these changes in concentrations alter the order mentioned above.
5. Main cause of the fall of pH in the case of the test bacteria seems to be lactic acid followed by pyruvic acid.

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Realizing that the optical density of phosphate buffer suspensions of E. coli and Aerobacter aerogenes, Sal. typhi 57S and 57R, Staphylococcus aureus and albus at the wave length of 537 mμ changes at the time of glucose metabolism, changes of viscosity, viable counts, and the changes in the volumes of proteins, ribonucleic acid, desoxyribonucleic acid composing bacteria have been pursued and the results are as follows.
1. During the glucose metabolism of buffer suspensions using the bacteria mentioned above a rise of optical density can be observsd and the rise has usually a parallel concern with time incubated.
2. Accompanying the rise of the optical density the increase in the relative viscosity and increase of ribonucleic acid and proteins can be recognized. Assimilation and synthetic action can also be seen during the glucose metabolism. Changes of optical density have been found to be inhibited by antibiotics and thus this factor has been utilized in simple examination of antibiotics.

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The authors studied the iron and copper metabolisms in dogs and patients with hookworm anemia, and obtained the following results.
1) In hookworm anemia, serum iron was low in a parallel correlation with the severity of anemia as other iron deficiency anemias. Hookworm anemia, however, was different from other iron deficiency anemias in that it was accompanied by the reduction of serum copper in severe cases. Thus, Fe/Cu was also lower.
2) In the treatment of hookworm with vermicide, serum iron and copper together with Fe/Cu were restored first and afterwards followed the recovery of anemia.
3) The amount of tissue copper of animals increased in the cases of dog with hookworm anemia and in the cases of rabbit being intravenously injected with serum of dog with hookworm anemia. The increase was obvious in the liver and spleen.

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Cultures in coverslips of femur bone marrows of unilateral sympathectomized rabbits were compaired with each other side on the following 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 90 days.
The results obtained were as follows:
(1) The wandering velocity of neutrophils of bone marrow of the sympathectomized side is larger than the another side, especially on the 5 th day after the operation.
(2) The relative growth rate is larger than the other non-operated side on the 5 th and 10 th days after the operation.
(3) The cell dencity is strikingly larger in the sympathectomized side on its 3rd, 5th, 10 th and 30th day groups after the operation.
(4) Each figures show the maximum on about 5th day group after the operation, and after 30 days the results did not appear to differ between both sides, and these effects are transitory.
Thus the interception of the sympathetic in rabbits promotes the function of the bone marrow transitorily.
In other words the sympathetic reduces the function of the bone marrow.

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Respiration and anaerobe glycolysis of femur bone marrows of unilateral sympathectomized rabbits were compaired with each other side on the following 3, 5, 10, 20, 30 & 120 days after the operation with the direct method of the Warburg constant volume respirometer. The results obtained were as follows:
1) The respiration (Q_O2) showed no remarkable differencs between each other.
2) The anaerobe glycolysis (Q_M^N₂) showed significant value on the operated side in 5th, 10th and 20th day groups after the operation, but transitory.
So the interception of the sympathetic in rabbits promotes the function of the bone marrow.
In the other word the sympathetic reduces the function of the bone marrow.

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Increase rates of erythrocytes and of heomoglobine of the rabbit's femur bone marrow on every 3rd., 5th, 10th, 20th, 30th and 60th days affer the unilateral Iumbar sympa the ctomy in fluid medium culture were examined.
The results obtained were as follows:-
(1) The maximum increase rate of erythrocytes did not occur till 5th or 10th day after the denervation, and the value fell progressively till 60th day.
(2) The rate of hemoglobine showed its maximum on the 3rd. or 5th day after the operation, then decreased till both day, in which showed very little differences between both sides.
(3) In most cases, increase rates of erythrocytes and of hemoglobine did not exceed over 20 percents.
In concusion. the sympathetic denervation promotes the function of rabbit's bone marrow, but it only lasts a short while.
This may have been due to the inerease of blood flow in the bone marrow, and secondarily it caused the hyperfunction of the bone marrow.

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