The pictures of the serum protein extended by electropaperchromatography show varieties being greatly influenced by the distance of start line from the pole and the space surrounding the paper, even if other conditions, the electric strength, the time for extension, the pH of the buffer and others are kept in constant. The reason is the added effect of the liquid stream occurring on the paper to the movement of the charged protein molecules for the opposite pole. The liquid stream on the paper stretched horizontally is caused by the evaporation of water from the paper warmed by electric streaming. This can be diminished by filling the space with liquid paraffin. The pictures of the extended protein on the several papers arranged parallel between to poles show the different patterns from each others. This is caused by differences of the water content in each paper by which electric streaming varies. Serial arrangement of the papers between two poles gives always good results, yielding almost the same picture in each paper. From those observations the author designed and constructed a new apparatus for electropaperchromatography for serum protein. Using this apparatus (Fig. 3) filling the whole space with liquid paraffin, 4 papers gave always constant results which enabled the comparison of the components of serum and the other paraffin insoluble fractions.

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By using the apparatus demonstrated in the first report, the author has studied the lipoprotein of serum, extending at 110 v. for 7 hours filling the space with air and staining with Sudan black B (S. B. B). The following results have been obtained.
1. From the integrated values of the area obtained by densitometry on the papers stained with S. B. B it is possible to know roughly the amount of lipoprotein of serum and exact quantitative relation between α and β lipoproteins.
2. The drying of paper causes the masking of the lipids of lipoprotein which can be unmasked again by heating at 110°C. for 20 minutes.
3. Pepsin, phenol and some carboxylic acids act as to unmask the masked lipoprotein. After unmasking some lipids escape into the solvent during the S. B. B staining in α-lipoprotein, but not in β-lipoprotein.
4. From the observations on the masking and unmasking of serum lipoproteins the binding modus between lipid and protein and the masking-unmasking mechanisms have been discussed.

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In rabbit serum it has been found that the quantitative ratio between those lipids found in α and β globulin fractions was 42.3/57.7 (the value obtained in winter). By estimating the quantity of lipids after treating with various solvents, aceton, ethanol, ether and etheralcohol, and staining with S. B. B, it has been proved that the lipids found in α-globulin fraction are mainly of phospholipids, cephalin, lecithin and others and those of β-globulin fraction are mainly of cholesterol and its esters.

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1. In the patients of Lepra maculosa and nervosa, in which the symptoms are relatively slight and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and cobalt reaction remained in the normal range, a slight increase of γ-globulin and a slight decrease of albumin were recognized with the slightly increased ratio of β/α of the lipids of α- and β-globulin fractions, especially in Lepra nervosa.
2. In the patients of Lepra tuberosa, in which the symptoms are very severe and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate is markedly accelerated with the deviated Co-reaction to the right side signifying the severe damage of liver function, a marked increase of γ-globulin and decrease of albumin is recognized with the increase of the protein contents of serum. In lipid fractions a large value of β/α is found.
3. In the patients of Lepra tuberosa with red spotted skin which means the revival of the disease also shows the high value of β/α in lipids with the increased quantity of the lipids in α₂ globulin fraction.

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The reaction of pyridin-haematin or hemoglobin to the liver extract with physiologic saline solution was observed under various conditions. The results were as follows.
1. The formation of pyridin-verdohaemichromogen from pyridin-haematin was most suitable on the pH 8 of the hydrogen ion density of the reagent on the occasion of installation at 38°C., and the maximum value was observed in the 4th hour.
2. The formation of pyridin-verdohaemichromogen from pysidin-haemin was rather promoted on the pH 8 of the reagent on the occasion of installation at 60°C. than at 38°C., and the maximum value was also accelerated a little.
3. The formation of pyridin-verdohaemichromogen from pyridin-haematin was most powerful on the use of the liver extract of gunea pig among the liver extracts of gunia pig, white rat, rabbit and dog etc. on the occasion of the pH 8 and of installation at 38°C.
4. When pyridin-hematin and the liver extract of gunia pig were installated on the pH 8 at 38°C, the absorption curves of the ether extracts of the hourly reagents by the Engel's method displayed the absorption maximum at 655, 530 and 395mμ, and the hight of those maximum was 655<530<395mμ. But the absorption maximum at 655mμ. was once elevated with hours until the 4th hour, then declined, and the maximum at 530mμ was gradually declined without elevation and finally disadpeared, and the maximum at 395mμ was also declined in some degree. Furthermore, a absorption maximum at 498mμ was merely observed.
5. The formation of pyridinverdohaemichromogen was suppressed with the elevation of the extract's temperature and obstructed at 100°C. on the reaction between pyridin-haematin and the liver extract of guinea pig.
6. On the formation of globin-verdohaemichromogen on the occasion of installation at 38°C. under the pH 8, the absorption curve of the ether extract of the reagent by the Engel's method displayed the absorption maximum at 630, 540 and 395mμ at the beginning after washing, and the hight of those maximum was 630<540<395mμ.
The absorption maxiumm at 630mμ was once elevated with hours until the 16th hour and then declined, and the absorption maximum at 540mμ was declined in some degree.
7. The absorption curve of the 0.5% HCl extract after washing with ether and then water according to the Engel's method on the reagent at the 16th hour on the process of globin-verdohaemichromogen formation displayed the absorption maximum at 675mμ and 366mμ, and the hight of these absorption maximum was 675<366mμ. It agreed with the absorption curve of biliverdin in acid solvent. And a light yellowish pigment was obtained from the extraction with chloroform in a weak acid condition after the reduction of the above product with natrium dithionit in weak basic condition, and it showed a positive diazo reaction on the addition of methanol after wahsing.
8. The absorption maximum (at 675mμ) of the 0.5% HCl extract solution of the hourly reagents by the Engel's method on the occasion of installation at 38°C. under the pH 8 on the globin-verdohaemichromogen formation by both haemoglobin and guinea pig liver extract were most high at the 16 hour and agreed with the vicissitude of the ether extract's absorption maximum at 630mμ.
9. The formation of globin-verdohaemichromogen from haemoglobin was more promoted on the occasion of the installation at 60°C. than at 38°C. in the same pH 8.
10. When the guinea pig liver extract was heated on the reaction between haemoglobin and guinea pig liver extract, the formation of globin-verdohaemichromogen was suppressed with the elevation of temperature and obstructed at 100°C.

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The influences of the extracted solution of the guinea pig spleen were observed on the process of pyridin-verdohaemichromogen or globin-verdohaemichromogen formation, after the extracted solution of the guinea pig liver with physiologic saline (abbr. the extracted solution) was added to pyridin-haematin or haemoglobin and adjusted to the pH 8 with soerensen M/15 phosphate buffer solution and then installated at 38°C.
The results were as follows.
1. Trace of globin-verdohaemichromogen was spectrophotometrically proved from the extracted solution of spleen after 24 hours, but the increasion of pyridinverdohaemichromogen or globin-verdohaemichromogen was not observed on the addition of pyridin-haematin solution of haemoglobin solution into it.
2. The formatin of pyridin-verdohaemichromogen from pyridin-haematin was more effective on the use of the mixed solution of the liver extract and physiologic saline in same dosis than it was on the use of the mixed solution of the spleen and liver reextracts.
3. As the extracted solution of spleen was used first on the preparation of pyridin-verdohaemichromohen from pyridin-haematin, the globin-verdohaemichromogen formation with the extracted solution of liver was inferior to the use of the above reextracted mixture, but it was more promoted hourly on this occasion than on the use of the mixed solution of the foregoing hours, and the maximum value was also same.
4. The formation of globin-verdohaemichromogen from haemoglobin was more effective on the use of the mixed solution of the liver extract and physiologic saline in same dosis. This was opposite to the occasion of pyridin-haematin.
5. As the extracted solution of spleen was used first on the preparation of globin-verdohaemichromogen from haemoglobin, the globin-verdohaemichromogen formation with the extracted solution of liver was rather inferior to the use of the mixed solution of the above reextracted solution in same dosis at first, but it was remarkably promoted with prolongation of the foregoing hours and was exceeded hourly and also temporarilly in dosis.
6. Adding haemoglobin solution or physiologic saline into the extracted solution of spleen in same dosis or adding haemoglobin solution into the same dosis of physiologic saline solution with the dosis of spleen extract and being acted with the same dosis of liver extract to the above solutions after 24 hours, the formation of globin-verdohaemichromogen was trace on the use of the mixture of the extracted solution of liver and spleen and physiologic saline, was 13 times as much as the above on the use of the mixture of the liver extract, haemoglobin solution and physiologic saline, and was 20 times as much as the first on the use of the mixture of the extracted solution of spleen and liver and haemoglobin solution, and the times obtaining of the maximum dosis were remakably shortened in the above examined order.
7. The formation of pyridin-verdohaemichromogen and globin-verdohaemichromogen with the extracted solution of the guinea pig liver, as the extracted solution of guinea pig spleen was previously acted by pyridin-haematin or haemoglobin for a long time was promoted and it's influence was great to haemoglobin.

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Only little has been described so far of three dimensional observation of the enamel tufts, since there have been no adequate technics of their observation. Stereomicroscopic observation was made in order to clarify threedimensional structure of the enamel tufts and their distribution and arrangement of human incisors, premolars and molars.
Now in this study focusing attention on the fact that the enamel tufts are rich in organic substances, the author found a new method of decalcifying whole calcified enamel and leaving enamel tufts, which were observed under the stereomicroscope. Tooth-crown was decalcified after infusing the styrene resin into the crown amputated at its neck and all enamel tufts and lamellae still remained on the surface of dentine after decalcification of the other parts.
Results obtained from the observations are as follows:
1. Sizes of the enamel tufts are dependent upon the form of tooth-crowns. There can be found narrow tufts on both flat and concave surfaces, but not on the broad concave surface at times, while tall and wide tufts are noticed on the prominent convexity. Generally speaking their distribution, arrangement and dimension are definite according to the kind of teeth. Each tuft is delicate in incisors, while big in canines, particularly premolars and molars.
2. Convexity of the crown can be classified into those of horizontal and longitudinal directions and size of tufts and their direction are dependent upon these convexities. Enamel tufts radiate to the middle of the crown from the tip of the cusp on the following strongly convex surfaces to the tooth-axis toward the middle of the crown from the tip: lingual surface of the upper molar and premolar, buccal surface of the lower molar and premolar, and labial surface of the upper canine. On the contrary they run in parallel with tooth-axis on the following equally convex surfaces to the axis in axial direction: lingual surface of the lower molar and premolar.
3. Tufts are largest at the upper half of the crown of each tooth and become delicate at the lower half of the crown. Most of them disappears in the surrounding zone of the neck.
4. Tufts show three-dimensional wavy structure, particularly at the upper half of the crown. Each of adjoining tufts corresponds to its wavy direction and runs linearly at the lower half of the crown.
5. Tufts frequently go over the tip of the cusp to those of the other surface, but this condition can not be noticed in incisors. And they often go over the marginal ridge to the other surface, but rarely in incisors.
6. Tufts on the occlusal surface are complicated in their direction, but they run according to the principle mentioned in 1.
8. Adjoining tufts sometimes unite and show network or membraneous structure near the tip of cusps and the marginal ridge.

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The effect of supplementary substances to the basal media, Korthof's media, on the growth of Leptospira was investigated. The micro-organisms used in this experiment were L. hebdomadis, L. hebdomadis A, L. australis, L. icterohaemorrhagiae, L. pyrogenes and L. canicola, which were the departmental stock of authors laboratory.
And the following results were obtained.
1) It was found that rabbit serum to be added to Korthof's media could be replaced by bovine or equine serum.
2) The added serum exerted the activity as the essential element for growth of Leptospira in spite of heating at 60°C. for 30 minutes in twice.
3) The activity for growth of Leptospira of serum or Korthof's media containing serum was not spoiled by dehydration of them.
4) In the study of amino acid requirement of L. hebdomadis and L. icterohaemerrhagiae, it was found that aspartic acid was most preferable in the amino acids studied; and methionine was more suitable than cysteine for sulfur-containing amino acid.

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In order to investigate the enzyme activity of L. hebdomadis stock-cultured in author's department, the oxidation of some sugars, carbonic acids and amino acids by the resting organism cultured on vovine serum supplemented Korthof's media was studied. And the results were as follows.
1) It was found that L. hebdomadis was capable of aerobic metabolism as like as L. icterohaemorrhagiae.
2) In the light of sugar metabolism, the organism had the higher enzyme activity to hexose oxidation: but it had remarkably low to pentose oxidation.
The oxidative activities on carbonic acids and amino acids was lower than that of true bacteria, though the activity on some substrates, i. e. aspartic acid, glutamic acid, pyruvic acid, succinic acid, and lactic acid, was fairly high.
3) The organism showed the transamination reactions between glutamic acid and aspartic acid, and also between glutamic acid and alanine.
4) Although the author caried out the experiment of additional effect of KCN, NaF, monoiodacetic acid, sodium arsenite, Mg⁺⁺ and Fe⁺⁺ in order to investigate the metabolic pathway of glucose, it could not establish the metabolic pathway so far as the results obtained.

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Shaking cell suspensions without addition of substrate, O₂-uptakes were compared in the cases where C source was added as the substrate and in those where amino acids were added as the substrate, after 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 hours respectively; and the following results were obtained:
1. The O₂-uptake in the case using C source as the substrate is generally diminished in proportion to the length of time the cell suspension was shaken, but the degree of such a diminition varies with substrate.
In the case using the C source other than succinate the diminition in O₂-consumption after the first hour's shaking is marked.
In comparing the O₂-uptake-time curves of shaken cells, on the whole the curve is relatively straight, whereas in the control, cells not shaken, the O₂-consumption generally decreases by 60 minutes and the curve is a downward curvature.
2. Of amino acids in the case where aspartate or glutamate is used as the substrate, O₂-uptake rather increases after shaking for 2.55 hours.
In the case where valine or histidine is used as the substrate, although in the control cells no difference can be seen from endogenous O₂-utake, shaken cells show differences.
3. The facts mentioned in (1) and (2) seem to indicate that substances existing in cells possiblly playing the role of substrate are consumed by shaking.
Shaking after the addition of such a higher C source as glucose and observing cells while a portion of the substrate still remains, the O₂ uptake is greater when the substrate used is such a higher C source or substances closely related to the oxidation pathway. In contrast to this, in the case of cells where the added substance is completely consumed by shaking, the O₂-uptake is greater when the substances added are such terminal substances of the oxida ion pathway as lactate, pyruvate and acetate.
This fact seems to reflect the changes in the arrangement of the enzyme system of cells in the course of oxidation of the subtances added at the time of shaking.
In the case of cells shaken after the addition of alanine, aspartate, or glutamate, the O₂uptake in the cases where substrates are such as aspartate and glutamate besides the substance added at the time of shaking is rather great. This seems to be due to the adaptability of cells to any one of amino acids because of the transamination taking place during the shaking.
Moreover, the enzymatic activity of cells is gonerally greater when shaken after the addition of some substances than when shaken without addition of substrate.

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In the investigation of the relationship between the accelerative action of Mg⁺⁺ and Fe⁺⁺ on the O₂-uptake of Sal. typhi and the time when such metal ions are added, the author obtained the following results:
1. The substrates that accelerate the oxygen consumption of cells in the presence of Mg⁺⁺ or Fe⁺⁺ are glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and acetate.
2. When metal ion is added prior to a substrate and the substrate is added 20 minutes, 40 minutes, 60 minuter or 120 minutes later, the O₂-uptake curve makes an upward curvature along with the lapse of time.
3. In the case where a substrate is added before metal ion, the accelerative action on O₂ uptake is weakened in proportion to the length of delay in the metal ion addition.
By studying the relationship of the mutual actions of two substrates variously coupled from several substances with the time of adding such a combination of substrates in O₂-consumption of Sal. typhi, the author obtained the following results:
1. It has been found that there are three sets of cases; namely when two substrates are added simultaneously, the amount of O₂-uptake is greater than the total O₂-uptake of two individual substrates (acceleration); O₂-uptake is about the same as the total of two substrates measured separately; and the amount of O₂-uptake becomes less than the O₂-uptake of single one of the two substrates (inhibition).
2. Looking over the relationship of the adding time of two substrates as to accelerate O₂-uptake and the accelerative effect, there are two different sets; namely, the one where one substrate is added later than the other, the accelerative effect is greater; and on the contrary the other where such an effect is diminished.
This phenomenon seems to be due to the gradings in the oxidation (combining with oxygen) of each substrate by cells.

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Ten per cent of citrate and citrated blood were injected on 22 dogs and on 14 dogs, respectively. Results obtained are as follows:
1) In the cases infused citrate, no fatal cases were observed inspite of severe intoxication when infusion rate was less than 0 45 g (100cc)/Kg in an hour, though, no marked intoxication was seen when the rate was less than 0.23 g (50cc)/Kg in half an hour. (cc: volume converted into blood)
2) In the cases injected citrated blood, no fatal cases were observed inspite of severe intoxication when injection rate was less than 0.35 g (60cc)/Kg in an hour, though, no marked intoxication was seen when the rate was less than 0 09 g (20cc)/Kg in half an hour. (g: citric acid volume, cc: injected blood)
3) It was thought that the difference in 1) and 2) was caused by weakening of body's defense mechanism for citric acid due to the influence of blood transfusion, or by another factor, that is, mainly the influence of circulatory overloading.
4) A typical symptom of citric acid intoxication was fibrillary twitching of muscle.
5) The influence of citric acid was disappeared within 2 to 3 hours; death due to citric acid intoxication was never seen 2 to 3 hours after injection.

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Experiment of citrate infusion was performed on dogs, and obtained following results.
1) Serum calcium and calcium-ion were increased, probably becaus of release of tissue calcium into blood.
2) Bleeding time was slightly prolonged, but clotting time was rather reduced.
3) Platelets count tended to be increased.
4) Prothrombin concentration was slightly decreased but no fibrinolysis was observed in all cases. No significant changes were observed in fibrinogen, recalcification time, thrombin time and prothrombin conversion time.
5) Liver function tests (B. S. P., and protein metabolism test) showed slight disorder in liver function.
6) From the facts above, it was concluded that infusion of citrate has not resulted in hemorrhagic tendency.

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Infusion experiments of 10 per cent citrate, citrated blood and heparimated blood were performed on dogs, and results obtained were as follows.
1) Blood pressure tended to drop by citrate infusion and finally became fatal after its rapid drop. Although, the sequelae of citrated blood transfusion were about the same as those of citrate infusion, no drop in blood pressure was observed in heparinated blood transfusion. This drop of blood pressure was caused by citric acid.
2) Pulse rate was decreased parallelly with drop of pressure, respiratory rate was increased with difficulty of breath and tended to decrease later.
3) Circulating blood volume determined by P³² was increased.
4) On E. C. G. findings, in lead II, gradual prolongation of QT and gradual increase of QT/PT, elevation of T-wave etc. were noted.
5) Cardiac output determined by catheterization was decreased but a stroke volume increased, A-V difference of oxygen increased, and peripheral blood vessel resistance decreased, without marked decrease in cardiac function.
6) Causes of rapid drop of blood pressure and death were thought to be due to abnormality of electrolytes in cardiac muscle produced by citric acid infusion.

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In the national sanatorium “Sanyoso” we have treated many cases, who during and after the pulumonary or intra-thoracic operation, often showed impediments in the respiratory and circulatory organs-abnormal blood pressure ascension and pulmonary edema-, in which occasion we perceived that neither oxygen inhalation nor pressure reducing remedies nor any kind of medication proved effective before it worked wanderst o have the patient body lowered to 15°-20° on its operated side.
In this connection close examinations have been carried through to investigate the abnormal blood pressure ascension and its counterplan, and the following results have been obtained from them:
1. The blood pressure was hightened by the positive changing of the intra-thoracic pressure or by chest opening (thoracotomy), which was found to be mostly connected with the decrease of oxygen content and the increase of carbonic acid gas content, more especially with former.
2. In this state of blood pressure ascension, it is considered that the cardiac output is less than normal owing to the congestion in the vena cava and the right auricle, caused by the decrease in the pulmonary circulation blood volume.
3. Under such a condition that the blood pressure schould be lowered by bleeding, the pressure change in the thorax sometimes gives such a rise to the blood pressure as if it were a normal one. I, therefore, call it the “Abnormal Blood Pressure Ascension”.
4. In case such as in 3 the blood pressure is regained to the pressure as originally was by lowering the body 15°-20° on its operated side. It serves to foresee dangers of every kind as well as clinical shocks.
5. In case that abnornal blood pressure is caused to rise by the intra-thoracic pressure the change of body posture lowered th 15°-20° on the side where the intra-thoracic pressure has been hightened, serves to improve the arterial blood gas as well as to lower the blood pressure.

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In CHAPTER I, I have stated my invenstigation on the abnormal blood pressure ascension and its counterplan from the experimental point of view, while I have obtained the same results as in CHAPTER I from the chiefly clinical view point. And at the same time pursued my studies to eluccidate the intrinsic significance in changing the posture. The following in the conclucion I arrived at:
1. In average healthy persons including tuberculous patients, whose conditions assume relationary character, when their postures are lowered to 15°-20° on either left or right side, the pulmonary ventilation on the lowered side is more increased than in supine posture, and decreased on the higher side.
2. The same change of posture when undergoing unilateral pneumothorax or under the condition of the imperfect pulmonary expansion after·operation, causes the ventilation to increase on both the higher and lower sides, and especially more remarkable when the thoracic pressure is positive in supine posture.
3. This serves not only to improve the content of the oxygen and the carbonic acid gas in the arterial blood, but also to give a good turn to the respiratory, circulatory impediments accompanying the abnormal blood pressure ascension.
4. This method also proves to be effective as a dependable treatment for the respiratory, circulatory impediments, specifically for pulmonary edema.
5. In conclusion I must add a few words in acknowledgement that the original idea of this method of poature changing treatment was first suggested, and has been realized by the guidance of Dr. Yatsuzuka And, therefore, it may be allowed, I hope, to propose that this method of after-operation posture lowering to 15°-20° on the operated side be named “Yatsuzuka-Miyohi's Plan” (or Yatsuzuka-Miyoshi's Posturization Treatment).

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Ninety five cases of gastric cancer and 1935 cases of their regional lymphnodes were histologically investigated. In 71 gastric cancers and 577 lymphnodes the metastasis was found. The rate of these lymphatic metastasis was compared with the character of primary gastric cancers, namely their situs, Bormann's histological and CPL (by IMAI) classification.

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Seventy one cases of gastric cancer were investigated. The size of cell nuclei in primary cancer and metastatic cancer in lymphnode were compared.
Generally it was in many cases smaller or equal sized in the later than in the former

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Fifty two cases of gastric cancers and 266 of their metastatic lymphnodes were studied. The nucleic acid content in primary cancers was compared with that in metastatic cancers Generally it showed a tendency to that both of ribose nucleic acid and desoxynucleic acid were more in metastatic cancers.

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Ulcer induced by adrenalectomy has been found in close relationships with abnormalities in blood components, particularly with inbalance in serum K and Na.
When the abnormality of these blood components after adrenalectomy was corrected by oral administration of 1.0% NaCl solution, by substitution therapy utilizing adrenal cortical hormone (cortisone) or by vagotomy, ulcer could be prevented. However, the excessive substitution therapy was found to fail preventing the induction of ulcer, intramuscular administration of cortisone 5 mg/animal/day had failed to prevent the ulcer. But a formation of ulcer in adults rats could be prevented by oral administration of 1% KCl with cortisone 5 mg/animal/day after adrenalectomy.
Since the facts descrived above, it was concluded that inbalance of the blood components due to disharmony in adrenal cortical hormones resulted in weakening of the tissue resistance of gastric mucosa, which would be one of the most important factors in experimental gastric ulcer mentioned above. In this meaning, 1 called it as “gastric ulcer due to hormonal disharmony” and discussed in detail. (Author's abstract)

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Gastric ulcer induced by oophorectomy and adrenalectomy has been found to have close relationships with abnormalities in blood components and its relationships was similar to that in adrenalectomy alone.
Ulcer produced by adrenalectomy and hypophysectomy was mechanically complicated than that in adrenalectomy alone. In this case, prevention of ulcerformation was impossible by oral administration of 1% NaCl solution or substitution therapy utillizing cortisone and could be prevented by oral administration of glucose with substitution therapy utilizing cortisone or by vagotomy.
When adrenalectomy and hypophysectomy were performed on vagotomized adults rats, no abnormalities in blood components, particularly serum K, Na and blood sugar, were founded, in the literatures.
Therfore, it would be said that, the metabolism of blood sugar is also one of the most important factors in the formation of gastric ulcer due to hormonal disharmony, and that the concept of “gastric ulcer due to hormonal disharmony” could also be applied to “gastric ulcer due to founctional disorder of pituitary-adrenal system”.

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Author intended the sero-immunologic studies of human meconium as the series of studies concerning fetal serum, placenta and so on, and then obtained the results as follows;
1) When rabbits are injected repeatedly with the extract of human meconium, the antiserum can be obtained high titer precipitin reaction on human serum.
2) Researching production of precipitin about rabbit's serum immunized with human meconium of the 7, 8, 9 and 10th pregnant months separatedly, author cannot find striking differences on antigenity in each months.
3) Rabbit's serum immunized with human meconium has very strong species specifity.
4) In human meconium exist specific protein fractions which are not contained in the adult human serum and these fractions are considered to coincide with those exist in the fetal serum and there were very small quantities.

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A preliminary study was made on the experimental serum anaplylaxis and the followings were observed.
The sensitization of rabbits was made by transfusion of cow sera as antigen.
The serum calcium content was decreased by shock, but the decrease was inhibited by using intravenous anesthetics (Ravonal) or antihistamic drugs (Anergen) or hlorpromazine (Contomin). This was parallel to the changes of hypotension which was cansed by the reinjection of the antigen (cow sera) and inhibited by Ravonal, Anergen and Contomin.
The serum nucleic acid content, both RNA and DNA, was increased by shock, and the inhibition by drugs was similar to the action as serum calcium content.
The anaphylactic ill effects were experimentally caused by transfusion of the rabbits blood with antigen (cow sera) to the sensitive rabbits.
The ill effect resulted in a severe shock, and the serum calcium content decreased and the nucleic acid content increased remarkably.
The decrease of the serum calcium content, iucrease of the serum nucleic acid content and changes of hypotension were inhibited by the use of Ravonal, Anergen and Contomin in this experiment, as well as in the preliminary experimental anaphylaxis.

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In the cases of inadequate heterotrasfusion with 13-15 cc. of blood per kg every rabbit showed marked hypolention and 2 cases died in 5 cases.
And the serum calium content was decreased, the surum mucleic acid content, both RNA and DNA, was increased by the shock.
These ill effects were restrained by Ravonal, Anergen and Contomin.
From the above mentioned facts it is considered that, the inhibition of Ravonal, Anergen and Contomin to ill effects of inspecific or inadequate heterotransfusion is primarily not due to their inhibiting action to the hemolysis, but to that to the shock of hemolytic toxin, by depresing organ-metabolism hemolysis itself, but to the shock of hemolytic toxin by the descending of organ-metabolism.

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The ill effects of blood transfusion could be clinically prevented by using Ravonal, Anergen or Contomin befere transfusion.
In all cases who had ill effects by transfusion, the decrease of serum calcium content and the increase of serum nucleic acid content was observed.
No distinct changes of the serum calcium and serum nucleic acid content were seen by the blood transfusion when the clinical ill effects did not occure.

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The procedures of tendon repair after suturing and grafting are discussed in this paper. Animal experiments were performed on the Achilles and long digital flexor tendons in rabbits, and after the operation histological examinations were conducted weekly until the sixth week. As for the grafting, free autogenous and homogenous tendon grafts were used. In addition, tendon fixation through a drill hole in the tibia was experimented. Results are as follows:
1. The peritenoneum and connective tissues surrounding the tendon play an essential role in repairing tendons that are sutured and grafted.
2. Histological investigations reveal that the fibrous union becomes fairly firm in the third postoperative week and almost complete in the sixth week.
3. The newly-formed tissue between the tendon stumps is not a truly regenerated tendinous tissue but a scar tissue.
4. Blood vessels that take part in the tendon repair originate from the surrounding connective tissues and in the sixth week they are almost completely in a definite arrangement.
5. Tendon grafts, both autogenous and homogenous, degenerate once and then are replaced with the surrounding connective tissues with round cell infiltration, connective tissue cell proliferation and blood vessel invasion.
6. At these replacements, elemental substance of the collagenous fibers remains and is involved in reconstruction of the fiber bundles.
7. Adhesions always occur about the sutured area and around the graft, but the gliding mechanism appears again after the fifth or sixth postoperative week.
8. Adhesions are marked especially near the silk sutures.
9. Thension to which the healing tendon is subjected tends to produce the separation at the suture line. But the nuclei and fibers of the newly-formed connective tissue and the blood vessels are arranged in a parallel form more rapidly with such functional stimuli than without.
10. The separation at the suture line occurs in the first to second week but does not continue to widen after the third week.
11. Two weeks of immobilization following operation, therefore, seems to be sufficient, and restricted use may be commenced thereafter.
12. When the tendon is grafted through a drill hole in a bone, the firm anchorage is obtained by its gradual ossification and incorporation in the bone.
13. Ossification of the tendon under these circumstances occurs by replacement of the tendon with the invading osteoblasts which form bone.
14. Contiguity of the collagenous fibers between the tendon and the bone is observed in the sixth week after grafting.
15. Ossification of the transplant is observed most markedly in the cortical area and least in the medullary portion.

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The renal function was observed by the method of renal clearance and thegeneral tests of urine on the 99 cases of the old ages over 60 years old, at an almshouse. in health and hypertension. And the ressults were as follows.
1. In the cases with normal blood pressure, both the glomerular filtration rate and the renal blood flow ran parallel to age and decreased in comparative speed after 60 years old, and the filtration fraction showed no difference with that of youth and the reabsorption rate of the renal capillaries declined in some degree.
2. In the old age, with hypertension, the glomerular filtration rate showed a insignificant decline in comparison with that of the cases with normal blood pressure, and it declined with age. And the renal blood flow, showed a significant decline and it was not parallel to age, but it seemed to have a relation with the ascending of arterial blood perssure in some degree.
3. Since the above results, it was thought htat the hypertension of old age was similar to the essential hypertension of youth and there was a stationary nature of the pathogeny.

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The influences of various antihypertensive agents on the renal function and blood pressure of the old ages over 60 years old with hypertension at an almshouse were hourly and daily observed. And the results were as follows.
1. Each antihypertensive agent showed a respectable descending effect of blood pressure on them.
2. In the cases treated with serpetin, the change of GFR and RPF was not evidnetly observed, but the fall and drop of RVR was observed.
3. The increasion of RPF and RBF, and the decreasion of FF and RVR were observed in the cases treated with aprezoline.
4. In the cases treated with methobromin, the decreasion of RVR was generally observed on the descent of blood pressure, but the decreasion of RPF and RBF was also observed in the mean number.
5. In the cases treated with ansolysen, the tendency of their appearance was not abrupt.
6. In the cases treated with trapon, the change of GFR and RBF was not showed having an tendency and the some decreasion of RVR was observed.
7. Most of cases had no differences on the subjective symptoms and the findings of urin between the period before and after the use of antihypertensive agents, and some of cases showed an aggravation.
8. Since the above results, the reaction of renal function on the old age with hypertension had no essential diffcrence with the each decade and the effects of these antihypertensive agents were expected, but the kidney of the old age had a possibility of falling into a unfavourable condition on the abrupt decent of blood pressure.

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The spectrophotometric studies were made on the coloured solutions prepared by the addition of the Ehrlich's aldehyde reagent into the urobilinogen solution (stercobilinogen) prepared from urine and stool, the mesobilirubinogen solution prepared from crystalline bilirubin by a reduction with natrium amalgam, and their salt and mesobilinogen dimethylester etc. And the results are as follows.
1. Both the urobilinogen solution in which stercobilinogen is mainly included and the mesobilinogen solution coloured with the Ehrlich's aldehyde reagent, display the absorption maxima at 560 mμ and 490 mμ at the pH 4.2.
2. When the hydrogen ion density of the above coloured solution becomes below 4.0, the absorption maxima display at 558 mμ and 490 mμ or 492 mμ. Both of these absorption maxima are not moved by the change of pH.
3. In proportion as the pH of the coloured solution becomes high more than 42, the absorption maximum at 560 mμ shifts slightly to the short wave length and displays at 556 mμ or 554 mμ, but the absorption maximum at 490 mμ shifts to the long wave length in a relatively prominent degree and displays at 506 mμ or 510 mμ. As the pH of the coloured solution becomes showing a alkaline reaction, the absorption maximum at 560 mμ disappears and the absorption maximum at 490 mμ shows shifting to the opposite direction, the short wave length.
4. On the use of methanol, as a solvent, instead of water, both of them display the absorption maxima at 550 mμ and 490 mμ at the pH 5.4 And no differences are observed, on the change of the pH, between the coloured substances of stercobilinogen and mesobilinogen with the Ehrlich's aldehyde reagent.
5. As for the absorption maximum of mesobilinogen is observed shifting to the long wave length for 1 or 3 mμ more than that of stercobilinogen under the acid-and weak acid condition of pH.
6. The coloured substances of the sodium-, potassium- and ammonium salts of urobilinogen with the Ehrlich's aldehyde reagent display the same absorption maxima by the change of the pH value, but the absorption maximum shifts to the short wave length for 2 mμ on the occasion of preparing the salts by adding several times of the computation dosis of caustic soda, caustic potash and ammonia more than on the occasion of preparing the salts by adding the computation dosis of them or the absorption maximum of the coloured substance of stercobilinogen itself with the Ehrlich's aldehyde reagent at the pH 1.4-1.0, and it displays at 556 mμ.
7. When the Ehrlich's aldehyde reaction is obtained immediately after the process being moved into caustic soda from the petroleum ether stratum on the preparation of stercobilinogen from stool, the absorption maximum displays only at 556 mμ at the pH 1.6 without showing the absorption maximum around 490 mμ. Therefore, it is thought that the absorption maximum at 490 mμ is not coexisted with the absorption maximum around 560 mμ when the oxidation is prevented on the preparation of urobilinogen or during it's process, and that the absorption maximum of the coloured substance with the Ehrlich's aldehyde reaction displays only one around 560 mμ and the absorption maximum around 490 mμ belongs to that of the urobilin oxygenated from urobilinogen.
8. The coloured substance of mesobilinogen dimethylester with the Ehrlich's aldehyde reagent displays the absorption maxima at 550 mμ and 488 mμ at the pH 3.8.
9. The attitude of mesobilinogen dimethylester to various solvents is markedly different from that of bilirubin dimethylester, and mesobilinogen dimethylester is more unstable to an oxidation than mesobilinogen.

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The paper chromatography was attempted for the separation of stercobilinogen, predominating in urobilinogen of living body, and mesobilinogen, being supposed to partly exist in vivo, on the coloured substances of them by the addition of the Ehrlich's aldehyde reagent, and the columnchromatography with the column of a cellulose powder was also attempted for the separation of the urobilin coexisting in the coloured substances of urobilinogen by the addition of the Ehrlich's aldehyde reagent. And the results are as follows.
1. The coloured substance of urobilinogen and urobilin are definitely separated, but the separation between the coloured substances of stercobilinogen and mesobilinogen by the addition of the Ehrlich's aldehyde reagent is impossible, by the paper chromatography with the developing solvents of a methanol and water mixture (1:2), a methanol, butanol and ammouia mixture (1:2:1), a 28% amonia and butanol mixture (4:96), N-Ammonia-condensed butanol, 10% Ammoniacondensed butanol, and a butanol, and a butanol, propanol and ammonia mixture (2:2:1) etc.
2. The coloured substances of stercobilinogen and mesobilinogen with the Ehrlich'c aldehyde reagent display the Rf 0.81 and 0.64 respectively and are definitely separated, on the use of the paper with the stationary phase made with glacial acetic acid and, with the developing solvents of a methanol, ammonia and water mixture (76:4:20) and a methanol, butanol and ammonia mixture (2:2:1).
3. The separation of stercobilin and urobilin IX α are easily obtained by the paper chromatography with the developing solvents of a methanol, ammonia and water mixture (76:4:20), and a methanol, butanol and ammonia mixture (2:2:1).
4. The coloured substances of urobilinogen with the Ehrlich's aldehyde reagent and urobilin in them can be separated by the column chromatography with the column of cellulose powder and the developing solvent of a methanol and water mixture (1:2). Therefore, as the absorption curve of the coloured substance with the Ehrlich's aldehyde reagent displays having only one absorption maximum at 558 mμ, it must be definitely distinguished from the urobilin which becomes coexisted during the process.

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The acid-fast lipid of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is considered to be important for the manifestation of its virulence, has very intimate relation with the concentration of glycerol in culture media. In addition to this, glycerol plays a very important role in the metabolism of carbon sources of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In consideration of these facts, the author studied the dehydrogenase activities of the cell-free extract and of its outer and inner solutions of the dialyzate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultured in each of Sauton's liquid media containing glycerol and glucose in place of glycerol. The results are briefly summarized as follows:
I) The dehydrogenase of the cell-free extract of H37Rv and H37Ra, particularly of H37Rv, cultured in Sauton's glycerol media are stronger than those cultured in glucose media.
2) For the dehydrogenation of lactate and succinate by the cell-free extract, the addition of the outer solution of dialysis is not needed. In cases of malate and histidine, however, the outer solution is highly needed.
3) The lactic dehydrogenase of the cell-free extract obtained by disintegration in the mortar and centrifugation is very unstable to heating.

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In the 1st part, the dehydrogenase activities of the cell-free extract of Mycobaterium tuberculosis was discussed. In the present part, the author studied the enzyme activities of various centrifugation fractions of the cell-free extract by means of oxygen consumption. The cell-free extract was divided into 4 fractions, R₁, S₁, R₂ and S₂, by centrifugation. H37Rv, H37Ra, bovine 263 and BCG cultured on Sauton's media for 2 weeks were used in this study. The results are summarized as follows:
1) R₁ has little enzyme activities.
2) S₁ has generally the highest enzyme activities of all the 4 fractions, though some variation existed among 4 strains.
3) The enzyme activities of S₂ are similar to those of S₁, though the activities are generally somewhat low.
4) R₂ oxidized lactate and succinate of all the substrates tested, though the activity to succinate was very low.

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The author, after having fractured rabbits which the function of reticuloendothelial system has been lowerd by splenorectomy, examined for 9 weeks since that date, such facts as changes that have occured to total serum protein density, function of reticuloendotherial system, number of leucocytes and erythrocytes, Hb, Ht, or B. S. G.; and further, by examining the effects that have ensued the administration of Platonin, has obtained the following results: As mentioned in Part 1, the administration of Platonin has been brought the remarkable effect on the above mentioned methods. Especially, in case of the improved function of reticuloendothelial system, and increase of A/G value and γ-Globulin, the author could recognize that it is effective the administration of Platonin on healing of bone fracture at the lowering state of function.

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