IN MAKING THE LONG-TERM PLAN OF LOOKING AFTER THE AGED PEOPLE IN THE LOCAL COMMUNITY. ESTIMATION OF FUTURE DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF THE NURSING SERVICES FOR THE AGED IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT TASKS. TO ESTIMATE THE NUMBER OF ELDERLY PEOPLE WHO NEED THE NURSING SER-VICES AND THE YOUNGER PEOPLE WHO CAN BE ENGAGED IN THE NURSING WORKS, A COMPUTER-USED MODEL WAS PRODUCED. IT CONSISTS OF THREE SUBMODELS, NAMELY, POPULATION MODEL, SERVICE DE-MAND MODEL AND SERVICE SUPPLY MODEL. USING THE MODEL, FUTURE DEMAND AND SUPPLY FOR THE NURSING SERVICES FOR THIRTY YEARS IN MACHIDA CITY WERE CALCULATED IN VARIETY OF CASES. THE MODEL PROVED TO BE EFFECTIVE AND NECESSARY IN MAKING THE COMMUNITY PLAN FOR THE AGED.

GENETIC ALGORITHMS(GA) INCLUDE GENERALLY THREE GENETIC OPERATORS, SELECTION, CROSSOVER AND MUTATION. THE LACK OF DEPENDENCE ON FUNCTION GRADIENTS MAKES IT MORE SUITABLE TO SUCH PROBLEMS, LIKE AS DISCRETE OPTIMIZATION DESIGN PROBLEMS AND OPTIMIZATION DESIGN PROBLEMS WITH NON-CONVEXITIES OR DISJOINTNESS IN DESIGN SPACE. THE METHOD IS TRIED TO APPLY TO THE OPTIMUM LOCATION PATTERN OF PARKING LOTS. THE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT GA IS MORE EFFECTIVE FOR THE OPTIMIZATION OF COMPLEX LOCATION PATTERN OF PARKING LOTS.

THE EXISTING RESEARCH OF URBAN SPATIAL STRUCTURE LACKS A METHOD OF DESCRIBING URBAN SPATIAL PATTERNS FLEXIBLY. THIS PAPER DEVELOPES A METHOD OF DESCRIBING URBAN SPATIAL PATTERNS OF HOMOGENIOUS AREAS BY USE OF GRAPH-THEORETICAL METHOD. AS AN APPLICATION OF THIS METHOD, THIS PAPER ANALYZES URBAN SPATIAL PATTERNS USING THE CENSUS 500M-GRID DATA COVERING ALL DID AREAS IN JAPAN. THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE IS DEFINED BY THE COMPOSITION OF THE RESULTING HOMOGENIOUS AREAS, AND THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF ALL DID AREAS IN JAPAN ARE COMPARATIVELY INVESTIGATED. AS A RESULT, A STANDARD PATTERN OF URBAN SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF LOCAL-CENTER CITIES IS AN INCOMPLETE CONCENTRATE CIRCLE.

CONSIDERING STOPS AT TRAFFIC SIGNALS AND TRAFFIC JAMS, WE DERIVED FORMULAE WHICH EXPLAIN THE TWO RELATIONS BETWEEN CAR TRAVEL SPEEDS AND SIGNAL DENSITIES AND BETWEEN CAR TRAVEL GAS CONSUMPTIONS AND ALSO SIGNAL DENSITIES. USING THESE FORMULAE AND THE OTHER FORMULA WHICH SHOWS THE RELATION BE-TWEEN THE LENGTH OF NETWORK AND THE NUMBER OF INTERSECTIONS, WE DISCUSSED BASIC PROPERTIES OF ROAD NETWORKS WHICH ARE DISTRIBUTED IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL SPACE AND GOT TWO KINDS OF OPTIMUM NETWORK DENSITY WHICH BRING US A MINIMUM TRAVEL TIME AND A MINIMUM TRAVEL GAS CONSUMPTION THROUGHOUT A CITY.

THE PURPOSE OF THIS PAPER IS TO CLARIFY THE APPLICABILITY OF THE HEDONIC APPROACH FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS IN THE CASE OF HETEROGENEOUS HOUSEHOLDS. THIS PAPER ANALYSES THE APPROXIMITY OF THE SOCIAL BENEFITS USING THE HEDONIC BENEFIT ESTIMATES WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF TWO(RICH AND POOR) COMMUNITIES BY THE TWO REGIONAL GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL. IN CONCLUSION, THE STUDY CLARIFIES THE OVERESTIMATION LIMIT(ABOUT 30-60%) OF THE HEDONIC BENEFITS WITH REGARD TO HETEROGENEOUS HOUSEHOLDS.

THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS TO ANALYSE THE HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF THE PLANNING THOUGHT ON THE GREEN BELT IN LONDON FROM 1900-1938. AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY, THE THOUGHT OF THE GREEN GIRDLE WAS DEVELOPED INFLUENCED BY THE AMERICAN PARK SYSTEM. IN 1920'S, THE REGIONAL PLANNING WAS DEVELOPED AS THE METHOD TO SOLVE THE ENLARGEMENT PROBLEM OF BIG CITIES. THE GREEN GIRDLE PROPOSED BY RAYMOND ANWIN REFRECTED THIS REGIONAL PLANNING THEORY, AND THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GREEN GIRDLE CHANGED TO SECURE A BREAK IN THE OUTWARD SPORADIC SPREADING OF LONDON.

ジャワにおける歴史的な都市の形態は、王宮、モスク、市場、広場という4つの区域によって特徴づけらていたが、封建的権力の力の低下や都市における商業主義の展開などにともなって変化をとげてきた。しかし、それらは依然としてジャワの歴史的な都市の特徴を示すものであり、その存在は歴史的な都市の文脈を保存していく上で重要である。本論文は、インドネシア、ジャワ島における8つの歴史的都市を対象とし、特に広場に着目し、その変化の実態とそれをもたらした要因を分析し、インドネシアにおける歴史的都市の特徴を保存するための糸口を見出すことを目的として行なったものである。保存されている広場においては、共通して宗教生活がともない、それに加えて行政的、文化的、商業的な関心がさまざまな彩りで広場の存在を支えていることが明らかにされた。

IN 1914, SEIROKU HONDA DEVELOPED A PLAN TO UTILIZE SCENIC AREAS IN NIKKO. IT WAS THE FIRST COMPREHENSIVE PLAN WHICH INCLUDES CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF SCENIC AREAS. THIS STUDY WILL EXAMINE THE CONCEPTS OF THE PLAN. SPECIFICALLY WE EXAMINE: 1)THE AIM OF THE USE OF THE SCENIC AREAS FOR SIGHTSEEING. 2)THE USE OF MOTER VEHICLES TO SEE NIKKO'S SCENIC AREAS. 3)SCENIC AREAS ARE FOR PUBLIC UTILIZATION NOT PRIVATE UTILIZATION.

HIROSHI KAWAGUCHI, TAKASUKE WATANABE AND AKIRA SOSHIRODATHIS PAPER AIMS TO CLARIFY THE CHARACTERISTICS AND PROGRESSIVE STATUS OF ALL RESORT DEVELOPMENT PLANS APPROVED BY THE LAW FOR DEVELOPMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE RESORT AREAS. BASED ON PLANS AND RELATED DOCUMENTS PRESENTED TO CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FROM EACH LOCAL GOVERNMENT, AND OTHER MATERIALS, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND QUANTIFICATION THEORY ANALYSIS WAS CONDUCTED.SOME OF THE FINDINGS ARE AS FOLLOWS; 1)SCALE OF ACREGE AND ESTIMATES OF RESORT AREAS IS INDEPENDENT FROM LOCATION TYPE. 2)MOST RESORT AREA PLANSHAVE DIVERSITY IN RESORT ACTIVETY FACILITIES, AND UNIFORMITY IN ACCOMMODATION. 3)CONCEPTS OF RESORT AREAS ARE CLARIFIED INTO FIVE TYPES. 4)DISCRIMINATE ANALYSIS WAS DONE BETWEEN PROGRESSIVE PROJECTS AND STAGNANT PROJECTS, AND SOME OF THE IMPORTANT FACTORS ARE DERIVED.

THIS PAPER AIMS TO CLARIFY THE EFFECT OF GREEN COMPETITION ON PROCESS OF GREENING IN RESIDENTIAL ZONE OF SMALL CITY THROUGH THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HIRARA CITY AND KITAKYUSHU CITY, AND TO PROPOSE THE FUTURE POLICIES TO OBTAIN FURTHER EFFECTS. THE FINDINGS ARE FOLLOWING; 1)SMALL AREAS WITH WINNING THINGS IN IT ARE FORMED INSIDE URBAN DISTRICT. 2)NUMBERS OF THEM INCREASE EVERY YEAR. 3)IT IS POSSIBLE IN NEAR FUTURE THAT THEY COVER ALL THE DOWNTOWN AREA, AND GOOD GREEN ZONE SURROUNDS URBAN DISTRICT. 4)WINNING THINGS ARE VERY USEFUL FOR THE GREENING OF NEIGHBORHOOD,BECAUSE MANY PEOPLE LOOK AROUND AND VISIT THEM.

THIS IS A RESEARCH REPORT ABOUT THE LAND USE AND ARCHITECTURAL PLANNING AROUND THE SHINSUI PARK.WE CHOOSE KOMATSUGAWA-SAKAIGAWA SHINSUI PARK IN EDOGAWA CITY. WE USED USE ZONING MAPS AND LAND USE MAPS AND EXAMINED HOW CHANGED THE LAND USE AROUND THE SHINSUI PARK SINCE IT WAS BUILT.THE FINDINGS ARE FOLLOWING:1.THE SITES OF FACTORIES CHANGED TO A CULTURE CENTER, A WOOD PARK, HOUSES AND APPARTMENTS.2.THERE ARE MANY BUILDINGS NAMED "SHINSUI PARE.3.RESIDENTS OF THIS AREA USE THE SHINSUI PARK AS A KEY ELEMENT IN THE PLANNING AND DESIGN OF THEIR BUILDINGS.

THIS STUDY IS BASED ON THE TWO SURVEYS FOR NEW TOWN RESIDENTS IN THE FLOWER-TOWN DISTRICT OF THE KOBE-SANDA INTERNATIONAL GARDEN CITY. AS THE RESULTS, TWO TYPES OF CLASSIFICATION ARE INDICATED ABOUT THE RESIDENTS' TASTE FOR NATURE LIFE. ONE IS CONCERNED WITH THEIR LIKES AND DISLIKES THE NATURE LIFE, AND THE OTHER IS CONCERNED WITH WHAT KIND OF NATURE LIFE THEY LIKE. AND THE DIFFERENCES OF THE TASTES HAVE SOME INFLUENCE ON THE SELECTION OF HOUSING SITE AND THEIR TASTE FOR GARDENING. NEW TOWN LOCATED NEAR NATURAL AREA WILL SHUOLD BE PLANNED IN CONSIDERATION OF SUCH RESIDENTS' TASTES FOR NATURE LIFE.

THIS STUDY INTENDED TO OBTAIN KNOWLEDGE REGARDING THE EVALUATION OF CONSERVED FORESTS IN A NEW TOWN. THIS IS BASED ON CLARIFYING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE HUMAN COGNITIVE EVALUATION AND TWO OTHER THINGS - THE RESIDENTIAL DISTRICT ATTRIBUTION IN THE NEW TOWN AND ITS NEIGHBORHOOD AND, THE PHYSICAL CONDITIONS OF THE CONSERVED FOREST. AS A RESULT, IT IS CLEAR THAT THE RESIDENTS GIVE PRIORITY TO THE WILD LIFE HABITAT IN VARIOUS ROLES, PARTICULARLY, THE RESIDENTS OF THE NEW TOWN WHO GIVE MORE PRIORITY THAN THEIR NEIGHORS. IMPORTANT FACTORS OF CONSERVED FOREST UTILIZATION ARE CONDITIONS OF LOCATION SUCH AS LENGTH OF ITS NEIGHBORING ROADS, LOCATED SITE AND NEIGHBORING LAND USE.

WE CLEAR THE UTILIZATION OF PARKS IN A PROVINCIAL CITY AND THE SURROUNDINGS, KOFU CITY AND KOFUBASIN AREA. FOR THIS PURPOSE WE ASSUMED AT FIRST A DIAGRAM WHICH WAS COMPOSED OF THE ELEMENTS THAT REMINDED THE USERS OF VISITING A PATICULAR PARK, SECONDLY MADE INTERVIEW ITEMS CORRESPONDING TO THE ELEMENTS ,AND THEN MADE INQUIRIES AT SOME PARKS. FROM THIS INQUIRY, FOLLOWING THINGS ARE CLEARED:1.THE UTILIZATION OF PARKS, 2.THE CAUSES OF THE SELECTION WHEN VISITING A PATICULAR PARK, 3.THE MOTIVATION AND THE OBJECT OF GOING TO PARKS, AND 4.THE WEIGHT OF VISITING PARKS IN COMPARISON WITH VISITING THE OTHER FACILITIES CONSUMING LEISURE TIME.

SPECIFICALLY, WE INVESTIGATED THE EFFECTS OF TOKYO DISNEYLAND ON THE FINANCES, CITIZEN'S CONSCIOUSNESS AND BUSINESS ESTABLISHMENTS IN THE CITY OF URAYASU, IN WHICH THE THEME PARK IS SITUATED. REGARDING ITS INFLUENCE ON MUNICIPAL FINANCES, IT WAS FOUND THAT THE DISNEYLAND-RELATED TAX REVENUE OF THE CITY WAS SO LARGE THAT IT ACCOUNTED FOR 10% OF THE CITY'S TOTAL TAX REVENUE. AS FOR THE PARK'S EFFECTS ON RESIDENTS' CONSCIOUSNESS, IT WAS LEARNED THAT MANY CITIZENS HAVE FAVORABLE IMPRESSIONS, NOT BECAUSE OF THE CREATION OF AMUSEMENT FACILITIES, BUT BECAUSE OF THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE CITY'S IMAGE. LITTLE INFLUENCE WAS NOTICED ON BUSINESS ESTABLISHMENTS, ON THE OTHER HAND. AS SEEN IN SCARCE NEW JOB CREATION OR INSIGNIFICANT LOCAL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT STEMMING FROM TOKYO DISNEYLAND.

THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS TO MAKE CLEAR THE RESIDENTS'EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT IN LOCAL CITY FROM A VIEWPOINT OF " LOCAL IDENTITY ". THE QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEYS WERE MADE IN IMAICHI CITY THROUGH RANDOM SAMPLING OF RESIDENTS AGED 18-69.THE CONCLUSION ARE AS FOLLOWS; (1) RESIDENTS' EVALUATION OF LIVING ENVIRONMENT CAN BE CATEGORIZED TO SEVERAL CONTRASTIVE PATTERNS; (2) EACH PATTERN HAVE RELATIONS WITH RESIDENTS'PERSONAL AND AREAL ATTRIBUTES; (3) RESIDENTS' PREFERENCES OF DEVELOPMENTAL POLICY IN LOCAL CITY THAT SHOWS TENDENCY SEARCHING FOR "LOCAL IDENTITE", ARE ALSO RELATED TO THE PREVIOUS PATTERNS.

多くの都市問題を抱えるインドネシアのジャワ島都市においても住宅の西洋化が進行しており、集合住宅も建設されるようになってきた。しかし、その計画は居住者の生活様式を充分反映したものではなく、計画のためのジャワ的なガイドラインが必要とされている。本論文は、ジャワ島スラバヤにおける集合住宅を対象に、特にジャワにおいて顕著なグループ活動に着目し、ジョクジャカルタの接地型住宅地における活動実態を参照しながら、集合住宅における空間ニーズを明らかにする目的で行なわれたものである。集合住宅においてもグループ活動は盛んに行なわれており、共用施設を利用するよりも廊下を利用する傾向が強いことなどが明らかになり、集合住宅計画における新たな示唆を得ることができた。

THIS STUDY EXAMINES THE ACTUAL LIVING CONDITION AND THE USE OF LIVING SPACE IN HOUSING ESTATES, USING THE CASE OF THE MIXED-ETHNIC RESIDANTIAL AREA IN JOHOR BAHRU METROPOLITAN AREA, MALAYSIA.THE FINDINGS BASED ON FIELD WORK CARRIED OUT IN JULY, 1993 ARE AS FOLLOWS; (1)ONE CAN RENT OUT HIS HOUSE ILLEGALLY TO ANOTHER GROUP, AND THE MIXED-ETHNIC SITUATION AFTER SUPPLY IS TURNING TO SEPARATED LIVING.(2) THE LIVING DIFFERENCES BETWEEN EACH ETHNIC EXIST IN SPACE USING, AND THE ORIGINAL HOUSE DESIGN OF NO CHARACTER IS MODIFIED WHICH REFLECT THE OWNER'S CHARACTER.

THIS PAPER FOCUSES ON THE CHARACTERISTICS AND PARTNERSHIP OF URBAN DVELOPMENTS THAT HAVE BEEN LONG PRACTICED WITH INITIATIVES OF PRIVATE SECTOR IN METRO MANILA AND METRO BANGKOK. SOME CHARACTERISTICS AND DIFFERENCES OF URBAN DEVELOPMENTS BETWEEN MANILA AND BANGKOK ARE FOUND TO BE AFFECTED BY TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURES AND OTHERS. VARARIOUS KINDS OF PARTNERSHIP ARE FOUND.

THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS TO SUGGEST A PLANNING METHOD OF APARTMENT HOUSING BLOCKS LOCATED IN THE DETACHED HOUSING AREAS. IN CONTRAST TO WESTERN CITIES, IN JAPAN THE RELATION WITH DETACHED HOUSES MUST BE CONCERNED. AS A CASE STUDY THE AUTHOR APPLIES THESE CONCEPTS ON METROPOLITAN HOUSES.AFTER GENERAL SURVEY OF APARTMENT HOUSES AND THE POLICY OF TOKYO METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT, THE AUTHOR CONSIDERS THE WAY OF CLASSIFICATION OF APARTMENT HOUSING BLOCKS USING TWO AXES ABOUT OPEN SPACES. AND THE AUTHOR EXAMINES THE RELATION OF BOTH BLOCKS. FINALLY SOME CONCRETE METHODS ARE ALLOCATED TO ASSESS THE CATEGORIES.

IT IS CLEAR THAT SHOPPING CENTER OF HOUSING AREAS DON'T WORK OUT WELL ACCORDING TO THE PAST THSISES. THEREFORE WE EXAMINED USER'S BEHAVIOR FOR SHOPPING CENTER AT A MATURE HOUSING AREA AND GAVE CONSIDERATION TO PRESENT BEHAVIOR OF A SHOPPING CENTER AND A PART OF SHOPPING CENTERS. WE SENT OUT OF A QUESTIONNAIRE ON BEHAVIOR OF A SHOPPING CENTER AT HOUSING AREAS, MAEHARA, NIIZA, NISIKONAKADAI AND KIRIGAOKA. AS A RESULT, RESIDENTS OF NIIZA HOUSING AREA USE A SHOPPING CENTER OF ITS HOUING AREA BEYOND EXPECTATION BECAUSE OF CHANGE OF RESIDENTS' SHOPPING AREA FOR MATURITY OF RESIDENTS, BUT RESIDENTS OF ANOTHER HOUSING AREA TREND TO USE ANOTER SHOPPING CENTER.

THIS PAPER AIMS TO CONSIDER THE MOVING PATTERN BETWEEN PUBLIC HOUSING ESTATE AND ITS SURROUNDING RESIDENTIAL AREA. THE RESULT OF THIS PAPER ARE THESE POINTS ; 1) MANY TENANTS OF THE WOODEN RENTAL APARTMENTS TEND TO MOVE TO THE PUBLIC HOUSING ESTATE IN THE SAME DISTRICT, AND MANY TENANTS OF THE PUBLIC HOUSING ESTATE TEND TO MOVE TO THE FERRO-CONCRETE APARTMENT HOUSE IN THE SAME DISTRICT. 2) THE TENANTS WHO MOVED FROM KOSEI PUBLIC HOUSING ESTATE TEND TO CHOOSE THE FLAT TYPE APARTMENT HOUSING LOCATED IN HIGH DENSITY RESIDENTIAL AREA IN KOSEI DISTRICT. THE DWELLERS WHO MOVED FROM HIGASHI-NAEBO PUBLIC HOUSING ESTATE TEND TO CHOOSE THE DETACHED HOUSING IN LOW DENSITY RESIDENTIAL DISTRICT IN HIGASHI-WORD.

IN THE NEAR FUTURE, WE ARE ENTERING INTO THE ERA THAT THE RATE OF THE ELDERLY INCREASES. TO COPE WITH IT, IT IS IMPORTANT THAT THE ELDERLY LIVE INDEPENDENTLY, AND THAT THE COMMUNITY HELPS THE INDEPENDENCE OF THEM. THIS PAPER TAKES NOTICE OF THE MEAL SERVICE FOR THE ELDERLY AS THE COMMUNITY SERVICES THAT CAN SUPPORT THE INDEPENDENCE OF THEM. THE FIRST HALF STUDIES HOW TO DEVELOP IT IN JAPAN BY COMPARING THE MEAL SERVICE OF JAPAN WITH THAT OF AMERICA. IN AMERICA THAT IS THE MAIN PROGRAM FOR THE ELDERLY IN THE COMMUNITY. THE SECOND HALF PROPOSES HOW TO UTILIZE THE COMMUNITY INSTITUTIONS BY SHOWING THE ADVANCED CASE IN THE SUBURBS OF GREATER TOKYO.

THIS PAPER DISCUSSES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE COMMUTING AREA OF NURSERY SCHOOLS (NSS) AND FACTORS AFFECTING THEIR COMMUTING AREAS, SUCH AS CONDITIONS OF NURSING SERVICES, POPULATION DENSITY OF THE REGION AND THE MEANS OF COMMUTING OF USERS. WE FOUND THAT SERVICES OF NSS, IN ADDITION TO THE POPULATION DENSITY, ARE FACTORS STRONGLY AFFECTING THE AREA OF COMMUTING. WHEN THERE ARE NSS OFFERING ORDINARY SERVICES AND OTHERS OFFERING MORE DIVERSE SERVICES, PEOPLE TEND TO SELECT THE LATTER FOR SPECIAL SERVICES, NECESSITATING LONG-DISTANCE COMMUTING, AND HENCE MAKING THESE NSE INTO BROAD-AREA-TYPE NSS. IN GENERAL, NSS ARE HIGHLY EVALUATED AMONG USERS; NOT ONLY AS NSS, BUT ALSO AS COMMUNITY CENTER. IF THEIR FUNCTIONS ARE EXPANDED THROUGH THE INTRODUCTION OF SERVICES FOR THE GENERAL PUBLIC, NSS MAY EVOLVE INTO REGIONAL CHILDCARE CENTER.

THE POPULATION IN THIS AREA AT INNER CITY OF TOKYO SHOW A DECLINE, ON THE OTHER HAND, THE AGED POPULATION SHOW A INCREASE. FOR THAT REASON, THE RATE OF THE AGED POPULATION STAND HIGH. I INVESTIGATED INTO RENEWAL ACTION AT THIS AREA AND DWELLING CONDITION FOR THE AGED AND THEIR FAMILY ON 1983 AND 1994. IT POINTED TO ACTIVITY OF CHANGE FROM 1983 TO 1994, WITH RESPECT TO THE DWELLING PATTERN OF THE AGED AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP. I CONCLUDED WITH POINTED THE DWELLING PATTERN INFLUENCES THE RENEWAL STRUCTURE AT THIS AREA.

THIS ARTICLE STUDIES THE RELATION BETWEEN THE SIZE AND DIRECTION OF SITES AND THE SPACE FOR PARKING, USING THE INDEX SUCH AS THE OPEN SPACE WIDTH. IN LOCAL CITIES THERE ARE MANY CASES HAVING TWO PARKING LOTS. WE SELECT 2 LOCAL AUTHORITIES; ONE HAS MANY HOUSING ESTATES NEAR THE STATIONS AND ANOTHER HAS MANY HOUSING ESTATES FAR FROM STATIONS. WE FIND THAT WHEN THERE ARE STRONG NEEDS FOR TWO PARKING LOTS, THE LOCATION OF HOUSE AND THE SIZE OF GROUND FLOOR IS RESTRICTED LARGELY AND THE OPEN SPACE WIDTH OF EACH DIRECTION IS QUITE DIFFERENT.

IN ORDER TO MAKE AN EFFECTIVE PLANNING OF A ROAD IMPROVEMENT IN A TRAFFIC ENVIRONMENT OF A DISTRICT, IT IS IMPORTANT TO INVESTIGATE THE TRAFFIC ENVIRONMENT AND TO EVALUATE THE PLANNING AFTER THE IMPROVEMENT WORKS AS WELL AS BEFORE THE WORKS. NEVERTHELESS, SUCH INVESTIGATIONS ARE NOT DONE AFTER THE WORKS ABOUT MOST OF THESE WORKS. IN THIS STUDY, THROUGH SEVERAL INVESTIGATIONS BEFORE AND AFTER THE ROAD IMPROVEMENT WORKS, EFFECTIVENESS OF THE METHOD OF IMPROVEMENT ARE EVALUATED.

JAPAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION HAVE BEEN DEVELOPING NEW TOWNS WITH THE AIM OF LOCAL AREA ENCOURAGEMENT SINCE 1974. COMPARED WITH A NEW TOWN PROJECT IN METROPOLITAN AREA, THERE ARE MANY DIFFERENT CONDITIONS - FOR EXAMPLE, MIXED DEVELOPMENT, A LARGE SCALE PLANNING FRAMEWORK TO THE EXISTING URBAN AREA, LONG TERM DEVELOPMENT, RECEIVING PEOPLE AND INDUSTRIES MOVING OUT OF METROPOLITAN AREA, LOCALIZED PLANNING. THEN. A WAY OF PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT IS VERY IMPORTANT FOR THEM. THIS THESIS ATTEMPT TO STUDY PLANNING MANAGEMENT THEORY OF NEW TOWN PROJECT TOWARD LOCAL AREA ENCOURAGEMENT BY COMPARISON WITH BRITISH NEW TOWNS, AS THE MODEL OF JAPANESE NEW TOWNS, AND JAPANESE MODEL IN METROPOLITAN AREA, WHICH HAVE BEEN GENERALLY CALLED "DORMITORY SUBURBS".

IT WAS IN PUSAN WHICH THE REPATRIATES AFTER THE 1945 LIBERATION, THE REFUGEES AND THE IMMIGRANTS FROM RURAL AREA HAD CONCENTRATED AROUND HILLY DISTRICTS. SINCE THE RAPID URBANIZATION IN 1960, THE SQUATTER AREA ON THE STEEP SITES HAS BEGUN TO APPEAR AS A CRUCIAL FOCUS. THE ABOVE CONDITION RESULTED MANY UNDESIRABLE PHENOMENA, SUCH AS THE DAMAGED CITY-SCAPE AND THE MALFUNTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF PUSAN. TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THESE CIRCUMSTANCES, IT IS NECESSARY TO GRASP THE ESSENCE OF THE URBAN AREA COMPOSITION. THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY GOES LIKE THIS; 1)TO MAKE A SURVEY AND AN ANALYSIS OF SUCH ACTUAL CONDITION AS THE CITY SPATIAL STRUCTURE. THIS STUDY IS FOCUSED ON THE STEEP SITES IN PUSAN. 2)TC SUGGEST THE DIRECTION OF THE RATIONAL AND THE EFFICIENT IMPROVEMENT FOR URBAN AREA

THIS PAPER IS INTENDED AS AN INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ZONING ORDINANCE AND LAND USE TRANSITION IN LOCAL CITY FUKUI. FOR THIS PURPOSE, THE INDICES FOR ANALYZING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LAND USE TRANSITION ARE PROPOSED FROM THE VIEWPOINTS OF BOTH THE BUILT-UP PROMOTION AND THE LAND USE CONTROL.AS THE RESULT OF ANALYZING THE LAND USE TRANSITION IN SMALL ZONES BY USING THE PROPOSED INDICES, IT IS MADE CLEAR THAT THE PRESENT ZONING ORDINANCE DOESN'T FUNCTION SUFFICIENTLY IN NEWLY BUILT-UP AREA.

THIS ARTICLE STUDIES THE CONDITION OF MIXED LAND USE BY CONSIDERING THREE DIMENSIONAL COMPOSITION OF USE. WE SET TWO CONCEPTS, MIXED USE WITHIN BUILDING AND MIXED USE WITHIN BLOCK AND ANALYZE THE CONDITION OF MIXED LAND USE WITH MIXED LAND USE INDEX, COEFFICIENT OF ADJOIN. WE FIND THAT 1) AS THE CHARACTERISTIC OF THREE DIMENSIONAL COMPOSITION THERE ARE SOME USES WHICH CONCENTRATE ON THE DOWNWARD FLOORS, WHILE SOME USES CONCENTRATE ON THE MIDDLE OR UPWARD FLOORS; 2) AS THE CHARACTERISTIC OF THREE DIMENSIONAL ADJOIN THE RETAIL SALE AND THE FOOD AND DRINK HAS THE LOWER ADJOIN TENDENCY FOR OTHER USES AND THE RESIDENCE AND THE OFFICE HAS THE UPPER ADJOIN TENDENCY FOR OTHER USES.

THIS ARTICLE STUDIES THE CONDITION OF MIXED LAND USE BY CONSIDERING THREE DIMENSIONAL COMPOSITION OF USE. WE SET TWO CONCEPTS, MIXED USE WITHIN BUILDING AND MIXED USE WITHIN BLOCK AND ANALYZE THE CONDITION OF MIXED LAND USE WITH MIXED LAND USE INDEX, COEFFICIENT OF ADJOIN. WE FIND THAT 1) AS THE CHARACTERISTIC OF THREE DIMENSIONAL COMPOSITION THERE ARE SOME USES WHICH CONCENTRATE ON THE DOWNWARD FLOORS, WHILE SOME USES CONCENTRATE ON THE MIDDLE OR UPWARD FLOORS; 2) AS THE CHARACTERISTIC OF THREE DIMENSIONAL ADJOIN THE RETAIL SALE AND THE FOOD AND DRINK HAS THE LOWER ADJOIN TENDENCY FOR OTHER USES AND THE RESIDENCE AND THE OFFICE HAS THE UPPER ADJOIN TENDENCY FOR OTHER USES.

IN RESIDENTIAL-INDUSTRIAL MIXED USE AREA, LARGE FACTORIES ARE REPLACED WITH SMALL FACTORIES AND HOUSES, WHICH MAKE THE MIXTURE MORE COMPLICATED.THIS PAPER FIRSTLY TRIES TO IDENTIFY THE TYPICAL PROCESS OF SUCH CHANGE AT A STREET-BLOCK LEVEL AND INTENDS TO PROVIDE A BASIS FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT. AND SECONDLY, I AIM TO EVALUATE MINIMUM LOT CONTROL OF DISTRICT-PLANNING IN ORDER TO PREVENT DIVISION OF LARGE SITE.

I AM CONCERNED WITH POSSIBILITY AND LIMITATION OF THE LOCAL UNFOLDING OF BUILDING REGU-LATION. BUILDING REGULATION IS BASED ON POLICE POWER USUALY. IN ACCORDANCE WITH LIKE THIS REGULATION, THE LEVEL OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPROVEMENT OF URBAN AREA ONLY COME UP TO THE LOWEST STANDARD. THEREFORE, IT IS NECESSARY TO DEVISE THE ORIGINAL, OR UNIQUE LOCAL UNFOLDING IN ORDER TO REALIZE THE HIGHER LEVEL CONDITION. THIS RESEARCH PAPER SHOWS THE UNIQUE CASE OF THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF SEQUENTIAL FORMATION OF PEDESTRIAN SPACE IN UONODANA-SUJI,OSAKA CITY. THIS CASE IS AN USEFUL INSTANCE TO CONSIDER SUCH ASUBJECT.

IT IS COMMONLY RECOGNIZED THAT URBAN STRUCTURE HAS SIGNIFICANT INFLUENCE ON COMMUTING BEHAVIOUR.HOWEVER, CHANGE IN COMMUTING DISTANCE DUE TO JOB DECENTRALIZATION DEPENDS ON AN ASSIGNMENT WAY OF JOB TO RESIDENCE. IN THE PRESENT PAPER, THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JOB-RESIDENCE STRUCTURE AND COMMUTING DISTANCE IS DESCRIBED EXPLICITLY AND THEORETICALLY FOR THREE TYPES OF ASSIGNMENT PATTERN. CONSEQUENTLY IT IS FOUND THAT JOB DECENTRALIZATION INCREASES COMMUTING DISTANCE WHEN 'UNIFORM ASSIGNMENT' IS ASSUMED, AND THAT COMMUTING DISTANCE BASED ON 'EXPECTED ASSIGNMENT' DOES NOT DECLINE SO DRASTICALLY ACCORDING TO JOB DECENTRALIZATION AS ASSUMING 'MINISUM ASSIGNMENT.' ALSO THE DIFFERENCE IN EXCESS COMMUTING BETWEEN U.S. AND JAPAN IS TRIED TO BE EXPLAINED BY USING THIS MODEL.

THIS PAPER DESCRIBES LOCATIONAL PATTERNS OF FIRMS WHICH MINIMIZE THE TOTAL DISTANCE OF COMMUTING AND BUSINESS TRIPS. THREE MODELS ARE DEVELOPED IN WHICH A CITY IS SQUARE AND OFFICE WORKERS ARE DISTRIBUTED UNIFORMLY. IN THE TWO MODELS THAT THE NUMBER OF BUSINESS TRIPS FROM A FIRM TO ALL FIRMS ARE ASSUMED TO BE SAME, AN OPTIMAL LOCATIONAL PATTERN IS EITHER CENTRALIZATION OR DISPERSION. IN THE THIRD MODEL UNDER THE ASSUMPTION THAT BUSINESS TRIPS DECLINE AS THE DISTANCE BETWEEN FIRMS, THERE EXIST OPTIMAL SOLUTIONS THAT FIRMS CONCENTRATE ON SEVERAL DISTRICTS. THE IMPACT OF A LOCATIONAL PATTERN ON THE TOTAL DISTANCE IS ALSO SHOWN IN THE THIRD MODEL. IT VARIES CONSIDERABLY ACCORDING TO THE RATIO OF THE NUMBER OF COMMUTING AND BUSINESS TRIPS AND TO THE ACCESSIBILITY BETWEEN FIRMS.

THIS STUDY INVESTIGATES THE CAUSES OF BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL AGGLOMERATION IN THE CENTRAL AREA OF TOKYO, ANALYZING THE DENSITY OF THE EMPLOYEES BY CHOMOKU FROM 1978 TO 1991. THE EXPANSIONS OF THE AGGLOMERATION TOOK PLACE IN THE CENTRAL AREA OF TOKYO AND ITS ADJUSTABLE AREA, THE ADJUSTABLE AREA OF THE SUBCENTERS, THE SUBCENTERS. TAKADANOBABA AREA MARUNOUTI AREA, ARONG ARTERY ROADS FROM THE CENTER TO THE SUBCENTERS. SHIBA. SHIBAURA, 00SAKI. GOTANDA.

THIS PAPER AIMS TO ANALYZE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DISTRIBUTION OF RETAIL STORES AND THAT OF RAILWAY STATIONS. FIRST, A METHOD FOR CHOOSING RAILWAY STATIONS WHICH ARE EXPECTED TO AFFECT ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF STORES IS PROPOSED. SECOND, A STATISTICAL METHOD FOR TESTING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE DISTRIBUTION OF RETAIL STORES AND THAT OF RAILWAY STATIONS IS SHOWN. THIRD, THIS PROPOSED METHOD IS APPLIED TO RETAIL STORES IN YOKOHAMA. SOME EMPIRICAL FINDINGS ARE SHOWN.

IN JAPAN, MOST OF LOCAL CITIES NOW SUFFER FROM ITS DECLINE OF CITY RETAIL CENTERS. OPENINGS OF NEW LARGE-SCALE STORES IN URBAN SUBURBS, UNDER NEW MODIFIED LOCATION CONTROL, WILL DEFINITELY ACCELERATE THE MATTER FURTHER. NEW CONDITIONS REQUIRE CITY PLANNING HAVE ITS OWN POINT OF VIEW TOWARD IT, AND AN EXTENSIVE STUDY ON LOCATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THESE STORES IS NEEDED. FOLLOWING RESEARCH REVIEW, WE ANALYZE THE TRENDS OF 44 SELECTED CITIES IN TERMS OF RETAIL CENTERS DECLINE AND LOCATIONAL CHANGE OF LARGE-SCALE STORES. THEN LOCATIONAL CHOICES BY THESE STORES ARE MODELLED BY DISCRETE CHOICE MODELS, AND SOME IMPORTANT DETERMINANTS OF STORES LOCATION CHOICE BEHAVIOR, ALSO IMPORTANT IN SOLVING CENTERS PROBLEMS, SUCH AS ROAD NETWORK, LAND VALUE AND CENTER EMPLOYMENT ARE IDENTIFIED.

A POPULATION PROJECTION MODEL BY ZONE AND AGE CLASS IN A METROPOLITAN AREA IS PROPOSED IN THIS PAPER. IT IS A MIXED MODEL OF COHORT ANALYSIS AND A REGRESSION MODEL ON THE NUMBER OF HOUSES THAT HAVE INCREASED OR DECREASED IN THE ZONE. THE PROJECTION RESULT IN OSAKA METROPOLITAN AREA USING THIS MODEL IS BETTER THAN THE ONE BY ORDINARY COHORT ANALYSIS. IN PARTICULAR, THE PROJECTION ERROR OF THE MODEL IS MUCH SMALLER IN ZONES WHERE HOUSEHOLDS MOVE FREQUENTLY.

IN KEIJO(SEOUL:AT PRESENT)DURING THE JAPANESE COLONIAL ERA, THERE WERE DESTRUCTIONS OF TRADITIONAL AUTHORITY TYPIFIED BY OBSTRUCTION THE VIEW TO ROYAL PALACE,AND TRANSPLANTATIONS OF JAPANESE NATIONAL POLITY TYPIFIED BY ESTABLISHMENT OF SHINTO SHRINE.THIS PAPER ELUCIDATES "BUILDING OF THE GOVERNMENT-GENERAL OF CHOSEN AT THE SITE OF ROYAL PALACE","ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CHOSEN SHRINE","DESTRUCTION OF TRADITIONAL MEANING ON LAND BY STREET CONSTRUCTION" WITH THE VIEW OF URBAN SPACE CONTROL.IN THE METHODOLOGY OF URBAN SPACE CONTROL UNDER THE JAPANESE RULE, KEIJO WAS RECONSTRUCTED FUNCTIONALLY, WITHOUT CONSIDERING TRADITIONAL ORDER.

IN 1993, KASHIHARA-CITY GOVERNMENT INSTITUTED THE ORDINANCE FOR RELAXATION OF BUILDING CONTROL ON THE PRESERVATION DISTRICT FOR GROUPS OF HISTORIC BUILDINGS "IMAICHO". IN THIS CACE, THE CONTROL FOR THE AREA OF LIGHTING, BUILDING-LINE, BUILDING-COVERAGE AND SETBACK-LINE WAS RELAXED. AND THROUGH THE PROCESS OF THE MAKING OF THIS ORDINANCE, WE STUDIED NOT ONLY ABOUT THE PRESERVATION OF HISTRIC TOWNSCAPE, BUT ALSO THE URBAN QUALITY (EX. DISASTER-PREVENTION, TRAFFIC-ABILITY).

RECENTLY KOREA HAS BEEN COMING TO GRIPS WITH THE PROBLEM OF THE TOWNSCAPE DESIGN FACING GREAT CONSTRUCTION FOR NEW RESIDENTIAL AREAS.THIS PAPER REVIEWS THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PUBLIC TOWNSCAPE DESIGN POLICIES IN KOREA. AND IT ANALYZES THE TRENDS OF THE CONSCIOUSNESS OF MUNICIPAL OFFICIALS BY QUESTIONAIRES TO THE MAYORS AND OFFICIALS. THE ANALYSIS REVEALS FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES OF THE MUNICIPALITIES AND THEIR RELATIVE NARROW PERSPECTIVE OF TOWNSCAPE POLICIES.THIS PAPER SHOULD BE CONTINUED TO GRAPPLE WITH THE ISSUE OF THE TOWNSCAPE DESIGN POLICIES IN KOREA.

VIENNA IS ONE OF THE REPRESENTATIVE CITIES WHICH HAS STREET-WALL TOWNSCAPE. THE AIMS OF THIS STUDY ARE TO CONSTRUCT THE IDEA TO EVALUATE ON THE TOWSCAPE AND TO KNOW HOW TO HARMONIZE ARCHITECTURE, STUDYING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FAMOUS ARCHITECTURE AND THE NEIGHBORING. CONTENTS OF THIS PAPER ARE AS FOLLOWS; (1)TO CLASSIFY ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS OF STREET-WALL TOWNSCAPE, (2)TO CONSTRUCT THE CRITERIA TO EVALUATE THE ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS, AND (3)TO ANALYZE THE RELATIONSHIP IN EACH ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS BETWEEN THE OBJECT AND THE NEIGHBORING ARCHITECTURE.

THE PURPOSE OF THIS PAPER IS TO IDENTIFY IMAGES OF THREE PRIVATE RAILROAD LINE AREAS IN KANSAI; HANKYU, KINTETSU, AND NANKAI RAILS. WHILE IMAGE OF THE AREA IS DETERMINED BY A VARIETY OF COMPONENTS CONCERNING NOT ONLY NATURAL BEAUTY BUT ALSO SOCIO-ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, THESE RAILS ARE REGARDED TO PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE ON THE IMAGE FORMATION. IN THIS PAPER, FORCUSING ON THE IMAGES ASSOCIATED BY THE COMMON AND PROPER NOUNS, HOMOGENEITY AND HETEROGENEITY IN IMAGE AMONG THREE RAIL AREAS ARE EXAMINED EMPIRICALLY THROUGH THE IMAGE MAPPING. SEMETIC DIFFERENTIAL METHOD WILL BE ALSO APPLIED TO DESCRIBE THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE FORMATION OF THE AREA IMAGE.

THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY IS TO IDENTIFY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PEOPLE'S AWARENESS OF CITY COMPONENTS DEFINED AS COMPOSING ELEMENTS IN THIS STUDY AND PEOPLE'S IMAGE OF THE CITY.A QUESTIONARE SURVEY WAS CARRIED IN HIMEJI CITY.BASED ON THE DATA, THE GOOD IMAGES OF HIMEJI WHICH ARE HELD BY PEOPLE WHO LOVE HIMEJI OR WHO HAVE PRIDE IN HIMEJI ARE IDENTIFIED. AND THE COMPOSING ELEMENTS WHICH HAVE MUCH TO DO WITH THE GOOD IMAGES ARE IDENTIFIED ALSO, THE RESULT OF THIS STUDY IS EXPECTED TO CONTRIBUTE TO IMAGE PLANNING OF HIMEJI AND OTHER CITIES.

FOR FORMING AN AMENITY OF URBAN ENVIORMENT, THIS STUDY EXPLORES THE RELATION BETWEEN STREET FURNITURE AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR BY COMPARING A SELECTING BEHAVIOR AND A SEATING BEHAVIOR IN THE EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR SPACE. WE CHOOSE SIX URBAN PLAZA AS OBJECT AREAS THAT CONSIST OF THREE ATRIUMS AND THREE OUTSIDE PLAZAS. AND WE TAKE THE OBSERVATIONAL SURVEY AND THE TRACKING SURVEY WITH VIDEO CAMERA.AS A RESULT, IT IS OBVIOUS THAT THE BENCH IS MOSTLY USED BY USERS IN BOTH SPACES. ON THE SELECTING PROCESS, IT IS OBVIOUS NOT ONLY THAT THE DEVICES, ESPECIALLY THE BENCHES, ARE WATCHED CLOSELY IN BOTH SPACES BUT ALSO THAT THE SPACE IS WATCHED CLOSELY IN THE INTERIOR. ON THE SEATING CONDITION, THE MAIN SIGHT OBJECT IS THE DEVICES OF MODIFICATION TO LANDSCAPE IN EXTERIOR SPACE. HOWEVER, THE MAIN SIGHT OBJECT IS THE SPACE WITH WIDE OUTLOOK IN INTERIOR SPACE.

THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY IS TO CLEARLY HOW THE HUMAN MIND COMPOSES THE IMAGE OF SUCH A WHOLE SPACE AREA, WHICH IS NOT DIRECTLY PERCEIVED IN ONE SCENE, AS A CITY AREA.AS A RESULT, THE BASIC SPATIAL UNIT OF SPATIAL IMAGE HAS BEEN DEFINED ON ANALYZING THE SAMPLES OF "IMAGE MODEL ASSEMBLE TEST." AND THE ACTION OF VERBAL INFORMATION IN THE PROPOSITIONAL NETWORK OF THESE SPATIAL IMAGE ON THE RECOLLECTION AS THE WAY OF DESCRIPTION AND "CUE" HAS BEEN GRASPED.

THIS PAPER AIMS TO CONSTRUCT THE MODEL TO DEFINE THE TYPES OF POPULAR IMAGES TOWARD THE RAILROAD STATIONS AND ITS TRANSIENCE. AMONG THE WORDS OF POPULAR SONGS PUBLISHED BETWEEN 1952 AND 1988 IN JAPAN, WE PICKED UP DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SCENES OF AND AROUND RAILROAD STATIONS TO OBTAIN THE TRANSIENCE OF THEIR IMAGE. WE DEFINED 3 MAJOR GROUPS AND 6 MINOR ONES CHARACTERIZING THE IMAGE TOWARD THE STATION FOR EACH PERIOD. IN ADDITION, WE CLARIFIED FEATURES OF THE IMAGE CONSIDERING OF THE HISTORY OF RAILROAD AND STATION DEVELOPMENTS, AND SOCIAL FACTORS.

THIS STUDY BELONGS TO A BASIC STUDY WHICH IS GETTING SUGGESTION TO IMPROVE SEASCAPE AND AIMS AT GRASPING THE SEASCAPE IMAGE IN JAPAN. IN THE PRESENT PAPER WE INVESTIGATED THE TRANSITION OF PUBLIC SEASCAPE IMAGE BY THE METHOD OF COLLECTING LYRICS IN JAPANESE POPULAR SONGS.THE CONCLUSION IS FOLLOWING;1)THE SEASCAPE IMAGE CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO 3 TYPES. TYPE 1: NATURAL STAGE "THE GREAT SEA" TYPE 2: ARTIFICIAL STAGE "THE SEA PORT TOWN" TYPE 3: MENTAL STAGE "THE BACKGROUND SCENERY OF THE ROMANCE"2)NATURALLY, PEOPLE COULD CATCH SIGHT OF THE SEA AS QUALITATIVE. RECENTLY, THE SEA CAN BE CONSIDERED TO BE ONE OF THE MENTAL STAGE. THERE IS A TENDENCY THAT THE SEASCAPE IMAGE TRANSFERS FROM TYPEL OR TYPE2 TO TYPE3.