This report is based on a research "The Problems and Methods of Community Care in Iwamizawa" carried out from 1976 to 1978. We tried to clarify (1) thechanges of the community, (2) new needs for social services, (3) and commuity organzation in Iwamizawa in this research. Iwamizawa, located in the central area of Hokkaido, was the center of the coal mining and the rural district. The social change resulting from shutting down the coal mines and social mobility caused a lot of change in relation to the structure of population, employment and family. The change also produced new needs for social services there. In the family the elderly were separated from their children and were generally poor, solitary and unhealthy. The severely disabled child had tobe cared forby his mother, so that she had trouble in taking the child out, bathing him, and taking him for dental treatment. The government-administrated services are provided but the functional relationship between departments is not adequately integrated. The survey of needs, organization of privale agencies, and pilot work to meet new needs was being practised by the Iwamizawa Socal Welfare Council. Concerning the supply of social services, we will have to reflect upon the meaning of indepndent living for the handicapped, all-round planning to integrate both public responsibility and private initiative and value orietation toward social welfare.

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This is the report of the survy on the community where many homeless, aged casual workers are crowding; Taito district and Arakawa District in Tokyo. I believe the purpose of the community organization under above conditions is to prevent their disorganized system of living and through the security of the minimum standard of liying to restore the self-support within practical aid. The area Sanya contributes as a filter for the final receipt of the social security schemes and the social welfare services. There homeless aged casual workers are classsified and some are sent to the home for the aged or to the hospitals. While districts outside Sanya are negligent of the community organization effort to keep the minimum standard of living of the citizen. Our survey is consist of three inquiries: 1. Analysis of the life history and classification of the present conditions through interviews. 2. Process of becoming homeless, aged casual workers of those who entered an old-age home from Sanya from the occupation mobility point of view. 3. The conditions of life before entering an old-age home. The result of survey shows distinctly that in Sanya these homeless, aged casual workers weren't in an unstable condition from the first time they have been employed. Rather, they are the victims of the high developped econmic growth. When considering the social policies, I suggest to fix much more concrete community welfare through giving security of minimum standard of living, to lessen peoplewho are tomove in Sanya as toget rid of the Sanya in Tokyo. Basic idea of the Social policies to regard Sanya as a hedged area must be changed. Now, they are to follow the concept to restore the unstable conditions through Social Security.

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The paper includes some discussion on the method of study of social service needs as an integrated part of the inter-disciplinary study of a regional socio-economic structure, which was carried in Tokai region, and a survey made in Toyota City on the social service needs of the aged. The development of car industry in Aichi prefecture and immediately surrounding Tokai region was almost explosive through the 60's and 70's. The Toyota greoup with several hundreds of large and small firms exercise greater influence on the economic, political, social and community life more than any other single industry in the region. In order to analyze its impact on the social service needs of the region, a research project team on "the structure of individual, family, and community life and social welfare" was set up as a part of an interdisciplinary research group composed of specialists in economics, sociology, political science, local govermental administration and finance, city planning, agricultural economics, social policy and social welfare. "The rapid growth of car industry and consecutive reorganization of labor market and hierarchical structure of the labor" was set as the key concept to understand the feature of the changes and to relate the analysis of the changes of social service needs with those studies in other fields as well as the total picture of socio-economic structural changes induced by the development of, and domination by, a carindustry. In the course of growth, especially in 60's, Toyota group drew a greate number of young workers as well as middle aged from Kyushu region. This made the region's whole population very young, and together with the process of motorization, community life of the region had changed tremendously. Gradual settlement of young workers and coming of their "child-rearing age" are now posing new social needs in the region. As to the survey of the aged in Toyota City, methods of group interviews at senior citizens clubs and individual hearing of "life-history" of 55 persons in the community and 12 in the home for the aged. Toyota city's central part was selected as the area showing clear chronological changes of the city. The interviewing sample was selected according to the length of time of living in Toyota, the family pattern, health, and income. A full report of the result of the survey will be made elsewhere, but its summary and proposals for the social welfare services of the region. A further research project are now being set to study social service needs of Nagoya metropolitan area in relation to Toyota-city area.

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Because our society has rapidly changed into an advanced^ age society, we need a new approach towards this problem. There are not enough old folks home and many eldery people want to die in their own homes. It is clear that community care service is important. Health problems, how to make a daily living and lonliness are big problems for elderly people. with portable meal service we can approach these problems in differnt ways. In 1972, Mead Christian Center, Juso, Osaka, starte portable meal service and group meal seal service. This report is a study of portable meal service as volunteer activity in community care based on the work done at Mead Chrian Center. Preparation Method Effect Future plan Trainining of volunteer, etc. In order to develop a qualified social welfare money is needed, we also need to re-evaluate the system of homehelpers (give more training, etc.), and develop theqpuality of pedple's movement in the community, and a general education about social welfare. In order to solve present social problems I recommended the avobe mentioned points.

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The radiation peculiar to the atomic bomb has been continuously gnawing the bodies of surviving hibakusha and also it has been scarring the minds of hibakusha for these thirty five years. Mereover, still today, its damage is expanding. Japanese government, however, has never lent an ear to the request for enactment of the law for the relief of hibakusha, which hibakusha have been expecting for long years and no measures have been taken to meet the uneasy situation of hibakusha. With these actual conditions, medical social workers of Hiroshima started" a society for the study of the problems of the atomic bomb victims in Hiroshima" in November 1975. And its aim is to bring the relief of hibakusha to perfection. In addition, we medical social workers studied the life history of hibakusha when NGO's international symposium on the damage and after-effects of the atomic bombing in Hiroshima and Nagasaki was held in 1977. And then we could grasp the serious conditions of the whole damage which the atomic bomb had brought to mankind. The damage had extended over 'life, livelihood, and mind' of hibakusha. Nevertheless, we could grasp, hibakusha had been trying to live their lives desperately in order to preserve peace and in order to survive, suffering from their health troubles. We could end this fact-finding study with such good results as the below. 1) We could realize that the significance of life history study in case work activities was definite. 2) Through these studying activities, we could become to wrestle with some sides of social movemect : to organize private counseling center for hibakusha, to request for enactment of the law for the relief of hibakusha and to make efforts for total ban of nuclear weapons.

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Activities of community welfare will be supported by the community moral which consists of common value system, attitude and behavior, and satisfaction. In other words, it may be supported by common pathos, logos and ethos, these are spreaded in community. In Kitakyushu city, there are some community welfare activities developped by citizen participation. Doyo-kai which is a volunteer group, the member are interested in education, medical rehabilitation or social welfare for handicaped children. The group appealed and suggested to establish the system of medical and mental examination for all babies and early medical rehabilitation and education for all handicaped children to the city government. The Fukushi no Fudo zukuri o Susumeru kai, one of youth volunteer groups, planned a music concert, volunteer training and local survey of road, shops and other facilities in the city whether these are arranged for handicaped people user, and required to reconstruct the road and the constructions for walkers.

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Recently social welfare in our country led to new interest in the community, to the development of community organization and community based institution and to various kinds of community action. Like our country where strong power is concentrated centrally, universality tends to be achieved before anything else. There is a unified system offering standardized and equivalent services to all, as well as a simplified vertical public administration. However, at issue is the process of moving from universality to individuality. Institutional services moved steadily toward emphasis on day care and there are new levels of engagement in programs aimed at the needs of the elderly. In many aspects community oriented social welfare is strengthened. We are making efforts to remove the person in need from institutionalized isolation and return him or her to an active community life, there is the added attempt to make even the institution itself a part of that communitylife. A more complete community solidarity is sought after. We now experience the refinement of finding that "small within big is beautiful." My own focus would be on trying to achieve not uniformity, but rather a unity in variety, based on a firmly rooted concept of community.

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As for the report in concerned with the life of the people in community and the social welfare, I selected the case of a family with a vegetative state patient which I treated in cooperation with medical stuffs, and I approached to the policy of the hospital where I served. Through its process, I examined the activities of the medical social workers.

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