社会福祉学

社会福祉改革とその理論的背景 : 普遍主義と選別主義の緊張関係(<特集>社会福祉制度改革と福祉実践)

小田兼三

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 31 巻 1 号 p. 1-25
発行日: 1990/06/01
公開日: 2018/07/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.31.1_1

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施設福祉実践と制度改革(<特集>社会福祉制度改革と福祉実践)

小室豊允

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1990 年 31 巻 1 号 p. 26-50
発行日: 1990/06/01
公開日: 2018/07/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.31.1_26

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施設福祉実践と制度改革 : コメント(<特集>社会福祉制度改革と福祉実践)

吉本充賜

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1990 年 31 巻 1 号 p. 51-63
発行日: 1990/06/01
公開日: 2018/07/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.31.1_51

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地域福祉実践と制度改革(<特集>社会福祉制度改革と福祉実践)

忍博次

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1990 年 31 巻 1 号 p. 64-80
発行日: 1990/06/01
公開日: 2018/07/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.31.1_64

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We would like to approve of changes in the welfare system that are occurring at present in view of the course of the history of community care in Hokkaido. But the total picture of the financial responsibility of the national government, the authority of local governments and the conflict concerning subsides related to this reformation is not necessarily obvious. Moreover we have a few tasks remaining for carrying out this community care. 1. Residents of the community do not understand enough about the value of welfare, normalization and independent living. 2. Most local governments are in financial difficulty so that they hesitate to distribute the budget for welfare. 3. Community organizations do not go ahead effectively with the several streams of subsides and functions of administration.

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社会福祉制度改革と福祉実践 : 地方自治体からみる課題(<特集>社会福祉制度改革と福祉実践)

大澤隆

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 31 巻 1 号 p. 81-97
発行日: 1990/06/01
公開日: 2018/07/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.31.1_81

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地方自治体からみる制度改革の課題 : コメント(<特集>社会福祉制度改革と福祉実践)

平野隆之

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 31 巻 1 号 p. 98-102
発行日: 1990/06/01
公開日: 2018/07/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.31.1_98

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セルフヘルプグループの概念をめぐって : 欧米の代表的な概念の研究を参照しながら

岡知史

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 31 巻 1 号 p. 103-127
発行日: 1990/06/01
公開日: 2018/07/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.31.1_103

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We see that concepts about self-help groups have been developed in Europe and North America. We make some comparison between them andJapanese ones. For this purpose, we take up studies as follows: (1) M. Killilea's literatural study; she finds 20 categories among a lot of papers discussing 'Mutual Help Organization'. We are interested in which categories are often used in Japanese literature. (2) A Defition ofA.H. Katz and E.I. Bender and concepts developed by a group of researchers in WHO's European Office; they try to make common definitions and concepts about selfhelp for the purpose of making it possible for European researchers to discuss self-help beyond cultural difference. (3) Concepts developed by A. Trojan and his colleagues; they establish concepts about German self-help. (4) Concepts developed by M.L. Moeller and his colleagues; their effort has been directed toward therapeutic collective self-help. Survey on Japanese literature on self-help tells us that in Japan the two words are generally used to express self-help group ; "SerufuHerupu Gurupu (Self-Help Group)" and "Tqjisha Soshiki (Organization of people concerned)". The former is often used by professionals in medical and psychological fields, and expresses groups of patients and/or their families or therapeutic groups. And the latter is often used by community organizers such as social workers of Social Welfare Councils, and its discussion is often accompanied by organization of neighborhood and coordination of community agencies. We, in addition, find that there are groups or organizations in Japan, which are relevant to self-help and not suited well for these foreign concepts of self-help. One of them is self-help mutual-aid association acknowledged in "Chonai". An example is "Rojin Kurabu (Senior Club)". "Chonai" is an unit ofa kind of Japanese traditional community, which keeps a close relation with a government office. They are different from what European and North American researchers call self-help group in that they are not truly voluntary in spite of their spontaneity.

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中央慈善協会の成立

池田敬正

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 31 巻 1 号 p. 128-154
発行日: 1990/06/01
公開日: 2018/07/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.31.1_128

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The Central Charity Association, that was organized in 1908, was the product of the organizing charity enterprises. This organization was based on the conference in the first national charity rally in Osaka at 1903. The name of the national organization, the rally in Osaka offered, was the Japan Charity Union. But as soon as the stage of the organizing moved to Tokyo, the name changed into the Central Charity association. This change of the name means that the organization turned from the national organization, that thinks much of the region, into the central organization, under whose Control the region is. The preparation for the organizing in Tokyo had taken 5 years since 1903. The bureaucracy took a leading part in this preparation, especially Tomoichi Inoue leaded theoretically. This Central Charity Association, the bureaucracy organized, leaded and controled the other charity enterprises among the people, gradually arising, and let them cooperate with the relief administration of the government. At this time the Department of the Interior proposed the particular relief theory. One was to evade the national responsibility for the relief by emphasizing the self-reliance borrowed from foreign countries. The other was to let the region take the reponsibility for the relief by emphasizing the old idea of the mutual aid. It was the Central Charity Association, that the bureaucracy formed in order to lead and control national relief and charity enterprises on the ground of the relief theory offered by the Department of the Interior. We can find the Japanese character for organizing charity enterprises in the forming of this association.

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ジェネラリスト・パースペクティブへの展開をめぐる一考察 : 問題解決アプローチに関連して

藤原正子

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 31 巻 1 号 p. 155-187
発行日: 1990/06/01
公開日: 2018/07/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.31.1_155

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乳幼児の心身障害の早期発見 : 療育システムの検討 : 保健・医療・福祉・教育・地域援助の連携をもとに

喜多祐荘

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 31 巻 1 号 p. 188-217
発行日: 1990/06/01
公開日: 2018/07/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.31.1_188

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The early discovery and treatment for the disabed children is essential to the rehabilitation of the children and families. But, there are the practical problems as the lack of the institutions for the early discovery and treatment, the lack of networks of the institutions, and the lack of regional case management for the disabled children and families. So, this study refers to: (1) The actual condition of the early discovery and treatment for the disabled children (in Hokkaido) (2) The construction of systems of the various institutions for the disabled children and families (in Hokkaido) (3) The method of networking of the institutions for the clients (4) The case management for the disabled children and families by some regional agencies Result, for instance: (1) The service systems for the clients take some cbaracteristics as the stages of services, the shares in the roles, the networking of the institutinns and some central agencies in each stage. (2) Nowadays, it is urgent to equip some institutions and stuffs in the systems, and to investigate some methods of management and support of the clients.

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社会福祉対人援助技術教育のためのハイパーメディアシステム構築に関する研究

立木茂雄, 倉石哲也, 中川千恵美

原稿種別: 本文
1990 年 31 巻 1 号 p. 218-257
発行日: 1990/06/01
公開日: 2018/07/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.31.1_218

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This paper reviewed and discussed (1) a research base for basic interpersonal helping skills and (2) a methodology for teaching these skills in computer based education class rooms. Two points became clear from the review. One is that more empirical research is needed to test the effectiveness of interpersonal skills in the Japanese context. The other is that no systematic investigation has focused the domain of covert cognitive skills. With regard to a teaching methodology, this paper proposes Marvin Minsky's "frame theory" as a model to represent knowledge and inference structure in a clinical context. Five principles were drawn from the model. First, instruction, observation and participation are three modes of learning cognitive skills and they should be interrelated in a non-linear fashion. Second, a learning environment should ensure learners' spontaneous exploration and discovery of knowledge. Third, learners should be encouraged to make mistakes and "near misses". Fourth, helping experts' use of context appropriate frames and slot-filling practices when making deductions and inferences should be clearly delineated and presented to learners. Finally, a unit of clinical knowledge should be interwoven or "cross-referenced" to a network of other existing knowledge bases. As a conclusion, a hyper-media environment incorporating a personal computer, laser disk player and digitized audio memory was proposed as the optimal means to realize the above five principles.

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Abstracts

原稿種別: 文献目録等
1990 年 31 巻 1 号 p. 258-263
発行日: 1990/06/01
公開日: 2018/07/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.24469/jssw.31.1_258

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